Boreal conifer forest area has declined in the northern Great Lakes region due to a combination of climate change and altered fire regime, among other influences. One consequence of this is the decline in white pine prevalence in these forests, as well as overall species abundance. A study by Apfelbaum et al. (2017) followed vegetation change in an old-growth, fire-origin boreal forest. The natural fire return interval is approximately 100 years, but this study site had not experienced a detectable fire for 400 years. The forest was previously measured in 1977 and 1997, and approximately half of the area was burned severely in September 2006. The objectives of this study were to characterize the effects of the 2006 fire on forest composition and recovery, specifically in the context of pine regeneration. The authors state that 400 years without fire increased the vulnerability of the forest to fire, leading to high fire intensity during the 2006 event. The 2006 fire caused high tree mortality and left very few, scattered white pine surviving in wet areas. White pine that survived the fire in upland areas in the 2008 measurements had all died by 2010. There was also no regeneration for white pine, balsam fir, or spruce seedlings eight years after the fire, suggesting that severe fire may prevent pine regeneration.