The main objective of this paper is to evaluate whether future climate change would trigger an increase in the fire activity of the Waswanipi area, central Quebec. First, we used regression analyses to model the historical (1973-2002) link between weather conditions and fire activity. Then, we calculated Fire Weather Index system components using 1961-2100 daily weather variables from the Canadian Regional Climate Model for the A2 climate change scenario. We tested linear trends in 1961-2100 fire activity and calculated rates of change in fire activity between 1975-2005, 2030-2060, and 2070-2100. Our results suggest that the August fire risk would double (+110%) for 2100, while the May fire risk would slightly decrease (-20%), moving the fire season peak later in the season. Future climate change would trigger weather conditions more favourable to forest fires and a slight increase in regional fire activity (+7%). While considering this long-term increase, interannual variations of fire activity remain a major challenge for the development of sustainable forest management. © 2009 National Research Council of Canada, NCR Research Press. Abstract reproduced by permission.