This paper compares seed and vegetative banks, and the emergent understorey in unburned, lightly burned, and intensely burned patches within an aspen-dominated boreal forest in northeastern Alberta, Canada. Propagule banks were measured immediately after the fire, while the understorey was surveyed 2 years later. Seedling and shoot emergence techniques were used to assess the abundance and assemblage of species within seed and vegetative banks. Median seed density was ordered unburned > lightly burned = intensely burned patches. A cumulative index of vegetative bank abundance was ordered unburned > lightly burned > intensely burned patches. Species assemblages were significantly different amongst burn intensities for seed banks and emergent understorey. Vegetative bank assemblages were significantly different between unburned and burned patches but not between lightly and intensely burned patches. Furthermore, seed and vegetative bank assemblages within each burn intensity were also significantly different. Indicator species analysis suggested that all significant differences were due largely to broad assemblage differences rather than a few unique species. Ordination with nonmetric multidimensional scaling correspondence analysis separated seed and vegetative banks, and emergent understorey along two axes (88.8% of the total variation). The first axis (50.3% of the total variation) indicated that the unburned and lightly burned species assemblages were more similar to the vegetative bank, while the intensely burned patches were more similar to the seed bank. The second axis (38.5% of the total variation) placed vegetative banks closer to emergent vegetation than seed banks.