Landsat imagery was used to study the relationship between a remotely sensed burn severity index and prefire vegetation and the postfire vegetation response related to burn severity within a 1986 burn in interior Alaska. Vegetation was classified prior to the fire and 16 years after the fire, and a chronosequence of remotely sensed vegetation index values was analyzed as a surrogate of vegetation recovery. Remotely sensed burn severity varied by vegetation class, with needle-leaf forest classes experiencing higher burn severity than broadleaf forest or broadleaf shrubland classes. Burn severity varied by cover within needle-leaf classes. Elevation also had an influence on burn severity, presumably as a result of there being less fuel above the treeline. Several large broadleaf areas at the fire perimeter appeared to act as fire breaks. A remotely sensed vegetation index peaked 8-14 years after the fire, and increase in the vegetation index was highest within the highest burn severity class. Self-replacement appeared to be the dominant successional pathway, with prefire needle-leaf forest classes mostly succeeding to needle-leaf woodland and with prefire broadleaf forest mostly succeeding to broadleaf shrubland. Because the remotely sensed indices were based on reflected solar radiation, they are likely indicative of surface properties, such as canopy destruction and surface charring, rather than subsurface properties, such as postfire depth of organic soil.