Studies were made in 1955-62 in an old-growth Hemlock fir stand to determine the effects of logging (a) and logging plus slash burning (b) on soil-moisture trends, soil erosion, soil chemical properties, soil micro-organisms, and tree growth, and of the effect of volatilization of N from the forest floor by burning and the influence of burning on soil fertility as indicated by the nutrient content of Douglas Fir needles. There was little evidence of reduction of soil-moisture depletion after clear felling. Rates of soil-moisture withdrawal and discharge were similar on all areas 3 years after felling. Light to moderate burning affected soil pH, exchangeable K, Ca and Mg, total N, cation exchange capacity and available P in the A0 horizon: soil pH was still above the initial value 4 years after burning. Effects on the B1 horizon were similar but slighter. In controlled laboratory conditions 149 and 367 lb./acre N were volatilized from the forest floor at 300 and 700 C.; this represents a 25-65% loss of N. Heating increased the N concentration of the residue but not total N. Mean values of P and K were higher in needles from (b), and those of N, Ca and Mg in needles from (a). No nutrient deficiencies were apparent in needles from (a) or (b). Light to moderate burning reduced the numbers of soil micro-organisms in the A horizon and increased them in the B1 horizon, and sever burning reduced their numbers in the B1 horizon and increased them in the B2 horizon. Mean annual height and diam. increments of planted Douglas Fir in 1958-62 indicated an initial reduction in growth rate of trees in (b).