A single thallus of Erioderma pedicellatum has been found in Newfoundland near one of the 2 North American localities known thus far for this unusual lichen. Whereas almost all of the other species of the genus have tropical to subtropical affinities in their distribution and ecological adaptation, E. pedicellatum can tolerate winter temperatures down to near -30 C. The habitat of E. pedicellatum in Newfoundland has now been characterized in sufficient detail to allow the possible rediscovery of the lichen in its type locality on Campobello Island, N.B., where it was once found in association with Erioderma mollissimum. However, during the past 70 years, only small areas of Campobello Island have not been affected by either forest fires or logging. The fire histories in the North American localities of E. pedicellatum have been researched and documented, and all other obvious or possible environmental hazards to the survival of this rare and endangered lichen, including pollution and biological factors, are discussed.