For many years wildfire was a normal part of upland hardwood ecology. In recent years improved fire protection has drastically reduced wildfires in most upland hardwood areas, and changes in fire occurrence have probably been accompanied by changes in stand ecology. In this report even-aged hardwood stands 5 or 6 years old that have been burned are compared to an unburned stand. The species composition of the young stands at the time of the fires differed considerably from the composition of the mature stands harvested six years earlier. The mature stands were primarily oak while the young stands contained many dominant yellow-poplar, white ash, black cherry, and red maple. The primary impact of the fires has been a 'knocking back' of the young stands. Other than to increase dominant red maples, single fires did not affect relative dominance. The competitive position of the oaks, yellow-poplar, black cherry, and white ash is about the same after as before the fires. Regrowth after the fires has been vigorous, and the major long term effect of the fires may be a loss of individual stem quality.