Modeling fire effects, including terrestrial and atmospheric carbon fluxes and pollutant emissions during wildland fires, requires accurate predictions of fuel consumption. Data were collected in order to develop empirical models which predict fuel consumption. Collected data included fuel and environmental measurements on a series of operational prescribed fires in pine flatwoods ecosystems in the southeastern United States from 2004-2006. Total prefire fuel loading ranged from 4.6 to 23.7 megagrams per hectare (2.1 to 10.6 tons per acre); between 12 and 69% of the total loading was composed of shrub species, including saw palmetto (Serenoa repens), gallberry (Ilex glabra), and other common associates. Fuel consumption ranged from 1.3 to 15.7 megagrams per hectare (0.6 to 7.0 tons per acre). On average, 76% of the prefire fuel loading was consumed, although fuel consumption as a percentage of prefire loading was somewhat variable (range: 28-93%). [This data product is archived in the USFS Research Data Archive, number RDS-2015-0019.]