Frequency of resprouting and number of newly established seedlings of antelope bitterbrush were sampled on sites burned by prescribed burns and wildfires 3 to 10 years previously to determine the effect of habitat type, growth form, and season of the burn on bitterbrush. Significant differences in resprouting response occurred among the growth forms, season of burning, and habitat type. Seedling.establishment was also markedly influenced by growth form, season of burning, and habitat type. Results of this study document the short-term effects of fire on bitterbrush populations in the Northern Rocky Mountains.