Small mammal species richness, abundance and biomass were determined in representative S.W. Cape montane fynbos habitats of various post-fire ages, and in riverine and rocky outcrop habitats respectively too wet and too poorly vegetated to burn. In fynbos the parameters measured displayed bimodal distributions, with early (2,4 years) and late (38 years) peaks and intervening troughs (10-14 years). Correlations with plant succession are discussed. In comparison with other ecotypes, recolonisation of burns by small mammals occurs more slowly in fynbos. Species richness, abundance and biomass of small mammals were consistently higher in riverine habitats than on rocky outcrops. The former may serve as major sources of recolonisation after fire.