Type
Topic
Region
Year
Displaying 4776 - 4800 of 4981
The information presented in this paper is directed to those concerned with the disposal of agricultural wastes. The purpose of this paper is to provide a concise, up to date report on the approaches followed by the various states in dealing with the disposal of agricultural…
Person:
Year: 1974
Type: Document
Source: TTRS
Topic(s): Emissions and Smoke, Prescribed Fire, Regulations and Legislation
Region(s): Eastern, Rocky Mountain, Southern
Keywords: agriculture, air quality, burning permits, CO - carbon monoxide, croplands, fire management, firing techniques, human caused fires, hydrocarbons, N - nitrogen
From the text: 'Despite the relative paucity of results, what may be concluded on a more positive note concerning nutrient cycling in heathlands and related shrublands? One conclusion is that nutrients in rainfall alone may, in some cases, be sufficient to balance any losses…
Person:
Year: 1981
Type: Document
Source: TTRS
Topic(s): Emissions and Smoke, Fire Ecology
Region(s): International
Keywords: ash, Australia, Banksia, biomass, calcium, Calluna, England, Erica, erosion, Europe, fire intensity, grazing, heathlands, iron, litter, microorganisms, N - nitrogen, nutrient cycling, nutrients, phosphate, phosphorus, precipitation, runoff, shrublands, soil erosion, soil leaching, soil moisture, soil nutrients, soils, storms, S - sulfur, temperature, translocation, wildfires, Xanthorrhoea
This paper is directed to those interested in emissions from forest fires as they may impact on air quality. There are several different types of forest fires, each with distinct sets of emission characteristics. Emission factors for combustion products vary widely with fire…
Person:
Year: 1976
Type: Document
Source: TTRS
Topic(s): Emissions and Smoke, Fire Behavior, Fire Ecology, Fuels, Prescribed Fire, Weather
Region(s): Southern
Keywords: air quality, backing fires, carbon dioxide, CO - carbon monoxide, chemical elements, combustion, evapotranspiration, fire intensity, fire management, flammability, Florida, fuel management, fuel moisture, fuel types, gases, Georgia, hardwood forests, headfires, hydrocarbons, ignition, Ilex glabra, needles, N - nitrogen, organic matter, particulates, pine forests, Pinus elliottii, pollution, residence time, Serenoa repens, smoke behavior, smoke management, water, wildfires
A field study on grass field burning was conducted in the Willamette Valley of Oregon during the summer of 1965. Approximately 230,000 acres of grass field are burned in the valley during August and September. Serious air pollution problems result from this burning. The purposes…
Person:
Year: 1966
Type: Document
Source: TTRS
Topic(s): Emissions and Smoke, Fuels
Region(s): Great Basin, Northwest
Keywords: agriculture, air quality, air temperature, arthropods, ash, combustion, croplands, decomposition, distribution, experimental fires, fuel management, fuel moisture, grass fires, grasses, grasslands, humidity, insects, land management, Lolium, moisture, N - nitrogen, Oregon, organic matter, particulates, plant diseases, pollution, slash and burn, soil moisture, temperature, wind
This paper is directed to those interested in techniques for measuring emission rates and emission factors for forest fires and other open combustion sources. A source-sampling procedure that involved the use of a vertical array of lightweight, battery-operated instruments…
Person:
Year: 1979
Type: Document
Source: TTRS
Topic(s): Economics, Emissions and Smoke, Fire Behavior, Fire Ecology, Fuels, Prescribed Fire
Region(s): Great Basin, Southwest
Keywords: air quality, Arizona, C - carbon, combustion, dead fuels, field experimental fires, fire equipment, fire management, gases, headfires, humidity, low intensity burns, N - nitrogen, Ohio, particulates, rate of spread, sampling, smoke behavior, smoke management, temperature, wind
From the introduction ... 'This report describes and presents the results of four groups of experiments designed to obtain information on some facets of N2 fixation. The objectives of these experiments were to: (1) Determine N2 fixation potential for a number of Coastal Plain…
Person:
Year: 1975
Type: Document
Source: TTRS
Topic(s): Emissions and Smoke, Fuels, Prescribed Fire
Region(s): Southern
Keywords: bacteria, chemical compounds, coastal forests, coastal plain, energy, fertilization, fertilizers, fire exclusion, fire management, gases, litter, minerals, moisture, N - nitrogen, nitrogen fixation, North Carolina, nutrients, phosphorus, Pinus elliottii, Pinus taeda, plantations, sampling, savannas, season of fire, site treatments, soil management, soil moisture, soil organisms, soils, South Carolina, statistical analysis, swamps
In-flight measurements of the following parameters have been carried out in the smoke from prescribed fires: carbon dioxide, sulphur dioxide, nitrogen dioxide, ozone, particulate matter, integrated light scattering coefficient and ultraviolet radiation intensity. One fire (in…
Person:
Year: 1976
Type: Document
Source: TTRS
Topic(s): Emissions and Smoke, Fire Ecology, Prescribed Fire
Region(s): International
Keywords: air quality, ash, Australia, C - carbon, carbon dioxide, chemistry, fire intensity, fire management, light, N - nitrogen, ozone, particulates, radiation, sampling, smoke management, SO2 - sulfur dioxide, Victoria, western Australia
Pollutant production due to the combustion of forest slash material has been determined from measurements obtained for controlled field burns. Temporal and spatial concentrations of CO2 and total particulate were measured during flights of an instrumented aircraft through the…
Person:
Year: 1975
Type: Document
Source: TTRS
Topic(s): Fire Ecology, Emissions and Smoke, Fuels, Monitoring and Inventory
Region(s): Northern Rockies
Keywords: air quality, C - carbon, clearcutting, combustion, coniferous forests, duff, fire management, fuel inventory, fuel management, fuel moisture, fuel types, hydrogen, laboratory fires, Larix occidentalis, logging, moisture, Montana, needles, N - nitrogen, particulates, pollution, Pseudotsuga menziesii, sampling, slash, smoke management, statistical analysis, US Forest Service
From the text ... 'About 5 million tons of tree bark were produced in 1966 as 'waste' from the Pacific Northwest wood products industry, more than two-thirds of which (table 1) came from Oregon and Washington. If all this bark were to be concentrated in one place, the resulting…
Person:
Year: 1969
Type: Document
Source: TTRS
Topic(s): Economics, Emissions and Smoke, Fuels, Economics
Region(s): Great Basin, Northwest
Keywords: Abies spp., agriculture, air quality, ash, bark, C - carbon, chemistry, cover, decomposition, extractives, forest management, forest products, hardwood forests, N - nitrogen, Oregon, organic matter, Picea, pine forests, Pinus ponderosa, pollution, Sequoia sempervirens, Thuja plicata, Tsuga heterophylla, Washington, wood
From the text... 'The energy crisis cannot be alleviated at the expense of ecology: vet, denying problems inherent to economic development, such as those of establishing nuclear power plants, is sheer romanticism.. instead, ecologists should provide alternative solutions to the…
Person:
Year: 1981
Type: Document
Source: TTRS
Topic(s): Climate, Economics, Emissions and Smoke, Fire Occurrence, Hazard and Risk, Models, Prescribed Fire, Social Science, Economics, Fire Ecology
Region(s): California, Great Basin, International
Keywords: Africa, Australia, biomass, catastrophic fires, Chile, energy, Europe, fire damage (property), fire exclusion, fire frequency, fire management, grazing, Greece, herbaceous vegetation, livestock, magnesium, Mediterranean habitats, mining, N - nitrogen, plantations, pollution, post fire recovery, K - potassium, South Africa, South America, species diversity (animals), species diversity (plants), statistical analysis, temperature, wildfires, woody plants
Major aspects of the circulation through the atmostpheric environment of a number of gaseous nitrogen pollutants have been estimated, including source magnitudes, residual atmospheric concentrations,and scavenging processes. The compounds considered include the major nitrogen…
Person:
Year: 1970
Type: Document
Source: TTRS
Topic(s): Emissions and Smoke
Region(s): Alaska, California, Eastern, Great Basin, Hawaii, Northern Rockies, Northwest, Rocky Mountain, Southern, Southwest, National
Keywords: aerosols, air quality, chemistry, N - nitrogen, nitrogen fixation, pollution, urban habitats
We have used the high optical absorptivity of urban and source particulates to trace their ‘graphitic” component. The optical absorptivity and the particu late carbon loading show a strong correlation. Analyses of the data indicate that primary soot emissions compose a major…
Person:
Year: 1980
Type: Document
Source: TTRS
Topic(s): Emissions and Smoke
Region(s): California, Eastern, Great Basin
Keywords: aerosols, air quality, C - carbon, Illinois, N - nitrogen, ozone, particulates, soot, statistical analysis, S - sulfur, urban habitats
[no description entered]
Person:
Year: 1963
Type: Document
Source: TTRS
Topic(s): Emissions and Smoke, Fire Behavior, Fire Effects
Region(s): International
Keywords: age classes, Calluna vulgaris, chemistry, Europe, fire intensity, Great Britain, heat effects, heathlands, N - nitrogen, nutrient cycling, range management, seedlings, temperature
From the text...'Global change, the combined effect of human activity on atmospheric and landscape processes (Vitousek 1994), affects all aspects of fire management. Scientists have documented changes in the global carbon cycle due to increases in atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2…
Person:
Year: 2000
Type: Document
Source: TTRS
Topic(s): Climate, Emissions and Smoke, Fire Behavior, Fire Ecology, Fire Effects, Fire Occurrence, Fire Prevention, Fuels, Models, Social Science, Weather, Wildland-Urban Interface (WUI)
Region(s): Northern Rockies, Rocky Mountain, International
Keywords: agriculture, air quality, bark, biogeochemical cycles, biogeography, biomass, Canada, C - carbon, carbon dioxide, chemistry, community ecology, coniferous forests, cover, deserts, distribution, European settlement, fire frequency, fire injuries (plants), fire intensity, fire management, fire regimes, fire suppression, fragmentation, climate change, grasslands, grazing, herbaceous vegetation, herbivory, Idaho, land use, landscape ecology, livestock, mining, Montana, mortality, Native Americans, N - nitrogen, nutrient cycling, post fire recovery, precipitation, regeneration, rural communities, species diversity (plants), subalpine forests, tundra, urban habitats, vegetation surveys, wilderness areas, wildfires, woody plants
Traditional biogeochernical theories suggest that ecosystem nitrogen retention is controlled by biotic N limitation, that stream N losses should increase with successional age, and that increasing N deposition will accelerate this process. These theories ignore the role of…
Person:
Year: 2000
Type: Document
Source: TTRS
Topic(s): Aquatic, Emissions and Smoke, Fire Behavior, Fire Ecology, Fire Effects, Fire History
Region(s): Eastern
Keywords: Abies balsamea, Acer saccharum, air quality, Betula alleghaniensis, Betula papyrifera, biogeochemical cycles, C - carbon, chemistry, cover, disturbance, ecosystem dynamics, Fagus grandifolia, forest management, hardwood forests, logging, mountains, New England, New Hampshire, New York, N - nitrogen, old growth forests, Picea rubens, Pinus strobus, Populus, slash, soil leaching, streamflow, streams, succession, Tsuga canadensis, watersheds
The classes of primary chemical products naturally produced by the combustion of forest fuels are: carbon dioxide, water, carbon monoxide, particulate matter, methane and non-methane hydrocarbons, polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons, nitrogen and sulfur oxides, aldehydes, free…
Person:
Year: 2000
Type: Document
Source: TTRS
Topic(s): Emissions and Smoke, Fire Ecology, Fuels, Prescribed Fire
Region(s): Southern
Keywords: air quality, arthropods, C - carbon, carbon dioxide, CO - carbon monoxide, chemical compounds, chemistry, combustion, Dendroctonus frontalis, fire intensity, fire management, forest management, fuel types, grasslands, hardwood forests, health factors, herbaceous vegetation, herbicides, humidity, hydrocarbons, insecticides, insects, integrated pest management, land management, litter, logging, CH4 - methane, N - nitrogen, ozone, particulates, pesticides, Piedmont, public information, site treatments, slash, smoke effects, smoke management, S - sulfur, understory vegetation, water, wildfires, wildland fuels, wildlife habitat management, air quality, herbicides, insecticides, pesticides
Forest ecosystems are enormously important to mankind. They not only supply wood, foods, medicines, waxes, oils, gums, resins and tannins, but they also regulate climate, hydrology, mineral cycling, soil erosion, and cleansing of air and water. A variety of natural and human-…
Person:
Year: 2000
Type: Document
Source: TTRS
Topic(s): Climate, Emissions and Smoke, Fire Behavior, Fire Ecology, Fire Effects, Models, Restoration and Rehabilitation
Region(s): Eastern, Southern, International
Keywords: Abies balsamea, Acer saccharum, agriculture, air quality, arthropods, ash, Asia, Asimina, Australia, Betula alleghaniensis, bibliographies, Canada, Carya cordiformis, cover type conversion, deforestation, diseases, disturbance, ecosystem dynamics, erosion, fire injuries (plants), fire management, floods, forest management, climate change, habitat conversion, hardwood forests, heat, human caused fires, hydrology, Ilex glabra, insects, Korea, land use, mortality, New Zealand, N - nitrogen, Ontario, photosynthesis, Picea mariana, pine forests, pine hardwood forests, Pinus banksiana, Pinus elliottii, Pinus halepensis, Pinus palustris, Pinus radiata, Pinus resinosa, Pinus rigida, Pinus taeda, plant diseases, plant growth, plantations, pollution, Populus tremuloides, post fire recovery, precipitation, Quercus rubra, Quercus stellata, resins, Rhus typhina, runoff, seed germination, slash and burn, soil erosion, soils, species diversity (plants), succession, temperature, thinning, trees, tropical forests, understory vegetation, water, water quality, wildfires, wind, Wisconsin, wood, woody plants, acid rain, agroforestry, biocide, biodiversity, deforestation, ecosystem, flooding, forest decline, genetic engineering, global warming, greenhouse gas, plantations, natural forests, nitrogen saturation, phytotron, pollution, remote sensing, salinity, soil compaction, slash-and-burn agriculture
From the text...'In the Lake Tahoe Basin, organizations and individuals are leveraging the community's high interest in lake clarity and fire danger to construct complex, dynamic models for adaptive management. Models show citizens how the ecosystem works so that they can make…
Person:
Year: 1998
Type: Document
Source: TTRS
Topic(s): Emissions and Smoke, Fire Behavior, Fire Ecology, Fuels, Hazard and Risk, Models, Prescribed Fire, Wildland-Urban Interface (WUI)
Region(s): California, Great Basin
Keywords: air quality, algae, calcium, coniferous forests, ecosystem dynamics, education, erosion, fire hazard reduction, fire management, firebrands, forest management, fuel management, lakes, land use, Nevada, N - nitrogen, nutrients, phosphorus, plant growth, runoff, sedimentation, smoke behavior, smoke effects, smoke management, state parks, US Forest Service, urban habitats, water quality, watershed management
1 Smoke-stimulated germination in the post-fire flora of California chaparral does not appear to be triggered by nitrate. Application of freshly prepared unbuffered KNO³ solutions (pH c. 6.2) failed to enhance germination of five populations of Emmenanthe penduliflora or one…
Person:
Year: 1998
Type: Document
Source: TTRS
Topic(s): Emissions and Smoke, Fire Effects
Region(s): California, Great Basin
Keywords: Adenostoma fasciculatum, annual plants, biomass, chaparral, char, chemical compounds, Emmenanthe penduliflora, fire dependent species, gases, germination, laboratory fires, light, N - nitrogen, O - oxygen, pH, Phacelia grandiflora, plant physiology, range management, seed dormancy, seed germination, seeds, smoke effects, S - sulfur, water
Fire is an important ecological factor influencing the structure and function of longleaf pine ecosystems, including forest floor and groundcover nutrient pools and availability, forest to atmosphere interactions, and potential nutrient controls on productivity. However, little…
Person:
Year: 1997
Type: Document
Source: TTRS
Topic(s): Fire Ecology, Emissions and Smoke, Fuels, Prescribed Fire
Region(s): Southern
Keywords: air quality, biomass, burning intervals, coastal plain, conservation, fire frequency, fire intensity, forest management, fuel accumulation, fuel loading, Georgia, ground cover, legumes, litter, longleaf pine, N - nitrogen, nutrient cycling, nutrients, phosphorus, pine forests, Pinus palustris, season of fire, temperature, wildfires
Global annual NO emissions from soil are of the order of 10 Tg NO-N. This is about half the amount fossil fuel combustion processes contribute to the annual global NOx budget. Reducing the emissions of soil derived NOx requires an understanding of the source of the flux and the…
Person:
Year: 1997
Type: Document
Source: TTRS
Topic(s): Emissions and Smoke, Fire Behavior, Prescribed Fire
Region(s): Alaska, California, Eastern, Great Basin, Hawaii, Northern Rockies, Northwest, Rocky Mountain, Southern, Southwest, International, National
Keywords: Africa, agriculture, air quality, Asia, Central America, chaparral, combustion, Europe, land management, land use, N - nitrogen, nutrient cycling, savannas, slash and burn, soil management, soil nutrients, soil temperature, soils, South America, temperature, water, wildfires
Biomass burning is a major source of emissions to the atmosphere. Some of these emissions may change global climate. This paper uses combustion efficiency as an independent variable for predicting emission factors for, among others, carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, methane, and…
Person:
Year: 1991
Type: Document
Source: TTRS
Topic(s): Climate, Emissions and Smoke, Fire Ecology, Fire History, Fuels, Models, Prescribed Fire
Region(s): California, Great Basin, Northwest
Keywords: air quality, ash, biomass, C - carbon, carbon dioxide, CO - carbon monoxide, chaparral, chemical elements, combustion, ecosystem dynamics, fire management, gases, climate change, CH4 - methane, N - nitrogen, Oregon, smoke effects, statistical analysis, wildfires
From the Conclusion ... 'An ecological review on air pollution as a whole, and in particular the relationship of control burning to such possible pollution warrants the following conclusions: (1) In spite of the tremendous amounts of pollutant materials released into the…
Person:
Year: 1971
Type: Document
Source: TTRS
Topic(s): Climate, Emissions and Smoke, Fire Ecology, Fire History, Intelligence, Outreach, Prescribed Fire, Social Science
Region(s): Alaska, California, Eastern, Great Basin, Hawaii, Northern Rockies, Northwest, Rocky Mountain, Southern, Southwest, National
Keywords: agriculture, air quality, bibliographies, C - carbon, carbon dioxide, CO - carbon monoxide, education, gases, histories, lightning, lightning caused fires, national forests, N - nitrogen, particulates, pollution, public information, smoke management, US Forest Service, urban habitats, wildfires, wildlife, wildlife management
Although bush fires have been common in Australia for many thousands of years (cf. for example, Bermingham, Packham, and Vines, 1971) little is known about the smoke they produce. However, if the practice of prescribed burning - already employed as a routine method of reducing…
Person:
Year: 1972
Type: Document
Source: TTRS
Topic(s): Emissions and Smoke, Fire Ecology, Hazard and Risk, Prescribed Fire
Region(s): International
Keywords: air quality, ash, Australia, brush, Eucalyptus marginata, fire hazard reduction, fire intensity, gases, jarrah, light, Mediterranean habitats, N - nitrogen, particulates, smoke behavior, smoke effects, smoke management, soot, vines, western Australia
Flexible polyurethane foams that are char formers are capable of smoldering combustion. The smoldering process is an oxygen-limited, heterogenous oxidation process that slowly transforms the foam to a brittle, black replica of itself; for the foam examined here, the resultant…
Person:
Year: 1980
Type: Document
Source: TTRS
Topic(s): Fire Ecology, Emissions and Smoke, Fuels, Models
Region(s): Eastern
Keywords: char, chemistry, combustion, computer programs, convection, energy, foam, gases, heat, ignition, New England, New Jersey, N - nitrogen, radiation, smoke behavior, temperature