Type
Topic
Region
Year
Displaying 101 - 125 of 219
Convection and downbursts are connected meteorological phenomena with the potential to affect fire behavior and thereby alter the evolution of a wildland fire. Meteorological phenomena related to convection and down-bursts are often discussed in the context of fire behavior and…
Person:
Year: 2017
Type: Document
Source: FRAMES
Topic(s): Emissions and Smoke, Fire Behavior
Region(s): Alaska, California, Eastern, Great Basin, Hawaii, Northern Rockies, Northwest, Rocky Mountain, Southern, Southwest, National
Keywords: convection, downburst, atmospheric dynamics, meteorological factors
Smoke can manifest itself as a towering plume rising against the clear blue sky-or as a vast swath of thick haze, with fingers that settle into valleys overnight. It comes in many forms and colors, from fluffy and white to thick and black. Smoke plumes can rise high into the…
Person:
Year: 2017
Type: Document
Source: FRAMES
Topic(s): Emissions and Smoke, Fire Effects, Safety
Region(s): California, Great Basin, Northern Rockies, Northwest, International
Keywords: public health, air quality, smoke particulates, PM - particulate matter, Canada, British Columbia, smoke plumes, superfog
Emissions of aerosols and gases from fires have been shown to adversely affect US air quality at local to regional scales as well as downwind regions far away from the source. In addition, smoke from fires negatively affects humans, ecosystems, and climate. Recent observations…
Person:
Year: 2017
Type: Document
Source: FRAMES
Topic(s): Climate, Emissions and Smoke, Fire Effects, Models
Region(s): Alaska, California, Eastern, Great Basin, Hawaii, Northern Rockies, Northwest, Rocky Mountain, Southern, Southwest, International, National
Keywords: simulation, predictions, Community Earth System Model, area burned, air quality, O3 - ozone, PM2.5
In the last few decades, the number of people living in fire-prone ecosystems has increased, placing more people and private property at risk to future fire events. Substantial research has demonstrated consistent public support for the use of prescribed fires in fuel-reduction…
Person:
Year: 2017
Type: Document
Source: FRAMES
Topic(s): Emissions and Smoke, Fuels, Models, Prescribed Fire, Wildland-Urban Interface (WUI)
Region(s): California, Northern Rockies, Northwest, Southern
Keywords: Shasta-Trinity National Forest, Kootenai National Forest, Fremont-Winema National Forest, Francis Marion National Forest, Sumter National Forest, public perceptions, wildfires, smoke management, air quality
Smouldering fires in peatland are different from the flames in wildland fires. Smouldering peat fire is slow, low-temperature and more persistent, releasing large amounts of smoke into the atmosphere. In this work, we experimentally and computationally investigate the vertical…
Person:
Year: 2017
Type: Document
Source: FRAMES
Topic(s): Emissions and Smoke, Fire Behavior, Models
Region(s): Alaska, California, Eastern, Great Basin, Hawaii, Northern Rockies, Northwest, Rocky Mountain, Southern, Southwest, National
Keywords: smoldering fires, carbon emissions, fire spread, rate of spread, peatland
Fire is an inevitable and ecologically important process that maintains the health of forest ecosystems in the Western United States. A century of fire suppression has increased fuel loads to the point that inevitable wildfires often burn too fast and too hot to be contained,…
Person:
Year: 2017
Type: Document
Source: FRAMES
Topic(s): Emissions and Smoke, Fire Effects, Restoration and Rehabilitation
Region(s): California, Great Basin
Keywords: 2013 Rim Fire, air quality, land management, smoke management, Yosemite National Park
FireWork is an on-line, one-way coupled meteorology–chemistry model based on near-real-time wildfire emissions. It was developed by Environment and Climate Change Canada to deliver operational real-time forecasts of biomass-burning pollutants, in particular fine particulate…
Person:
Year: 2017
Type: Document
Source: FRAMES
Topic(s): Emissions and Smoke, Fire Effects, Models
Region(s): Alaska, California, Eastern, Great Basin, Northern Rockies, Northwest, Rocky Mountain, Southern, Southwest, International
Keywords: PM2.5, PM - particulate matter, air quality, Canada, air quality model, wildfire, pollution, FireWork
Predicting tree injury and mortality generally involves the development and use of statistical models that are specific to a given species, season, and set of environmental conditions. We are trying to understand the underlying mechanisms by which trees are affected by fires in…
Person: Dickinson
Year: 2017
Type: Media
Source: FRAMES
Topic(s): Emissions and Smoke, Fire Behavior, Fire Ecology, Fire Effects, Fuels, Models
Region(s): Eastern
Keywords: disturbance, disturbance response, tree injury, tree mortality, roots, bole damage, crown damage, heat flux, tissue necrosis, surface heat flux, FireStem2D, RxCADRE, fire intensity, Oak Woodlands and Forest Fire Consortium, heading fire, backing fire, fire scar, dendroecology, plume, VPD - vapor pressure deficit
We utilize the NOAA Hazard Mapping System smoke product for the period of 2005 to 2016 to develop climatology of smoke occurrence over the Continental United States (CONUS) region and to study the impact of wildland fires on particulate matter air quality at the surface. Our…
Person:
Year: 2017
Type: Document
Source: FRAMES
Topic(s): Climate, Emissions and Smoke, Fire Effects, Mapping
Region(s): California, Eastern, Great Basin, Northern Rockies, Northwest, Rocky Mountain, Southern, Southwest
Keywords: biomass burning, air quality, PM - particulate matter, wildfires, NOAA Hazard Mapping System
Wind erosion of soils burned by wildfire contributes substantial particulate matter (PM) in the form of dust to the atmosphere, but the magnitude of this dust source is largely unknown. It is important to accurately quantify dust emissions because they can impact human health,…
Person:
Year: 2017
Type: Document
Source: FRAMES
Topic(s): Emissions and Smoke, Fire Effects, Models
Region(s): California, Great Basin, Northwest
Keywords: PM10, wind erosion, wildfires, dust, WindNinja, post-fire erosion, burned soil, PM - particulate matter
Understanding the effect of wildfire smoke exposure on human health represents a unique interdisciplinary challenge to the scientific community. Population health studies indicate that wildfire smoke is a risk to human health and increases the healthcare burden of smoke-impacted…
Person:
Year: 2017
Type: Document
Source: FRAMES
Topic(s): Emissions and Smoke, Fire Effects, Models
Region(s): Alaska, California, Eastern, Great Basin, Hawaii, Northern Rockies, Northwest, Rocky Mountain, Southern, Southwest, National
Keywords: wildfires, particulates, air quality, exposure, human health, inhalation irritants, toxicology, literature review
Recent growth in the frequency and severity of US wildfires has led to more wildfire smoke and increased public exposure to harmful air pollutants. Populations exposed to wildfire smoke experience a variety of negative health impacts, imposing economic costs on society. However…
Person:
Year: 2017
Type: Document
Source: FRAMES
Topic(s): Economics, Emissions and Smoke, Fire Effects
Region(s): California, Great Basin, Northern Rockies, Northwest, Rocky Mountain, Southwest
Keywords: public health, benefit transfer, protocol, fire frequency, air pollution
The time-mean and time-varying smoke and velocity structure of a wildfire convective plume is examined using a high-resolution scanning Doppler lidar. The mean plume is shown to exhibit the archetypal form of a bent-over plume in a crosswind, matching the well-established Briggs…
Person:
Year: 2017
Type: Document
Source: FRAMES
Topic(s): Emissions and Smoke, Fire Behavior
Region(s): California
Keywords: plume, convection plume, turbulence, convection, entrainment, updraft, wildfires, forest fires, heat flux, LiDAR - Light Detection and Ranging, El Portal fire
Although a many studies concerning crop residue burning have been conducted, the influence of crop residue burning on local PM2.5 concentrations remains unclear. The number of crop residue burning spots was the highest in Heilongjiang province and we extracted crop residue…
Person:
Year: 2017
Type: Document
Source: FRAMES
Topic(s): Emissions and Smoke, Fire Effects
Region(s): International
Keywords: crop residues, cropland residue burning, PM2.5, PM - particulate matter, remote sensing, China, air pollution
To meet the data requirements of physics-based fire models and FASMEE objectives, traditional fuel and consumption measures need to be integrated with spatially explicit, three-dimensional data. One of the challenges of traditional fuel measurement techniques is that they must…
Person:
Year: 2017
Type: Document
Source: FRAMES
Topic(s): Emissions and Smoke, Fire Behavior, Fuels, Mapping, Models, Prescribed Fire
Region(s): Great Basin, Southern
Keywords: FASMEE - Fire and Smoke Model Evaluation Experiment, fuel consumption, physics-based fire model
The goal of this paper is to evaluate the accuracy of the commonly used ozone (O3) instrument (the ultraviolet (UV) photometer) against a Federal Reference Method (Nitric Oxide –chemiluminescence) for ozone measurement in wildfire smoke plumes. We carried out simultaneous ozone…
Person:
Year: 2017
Type: Document
Source: FRAMES
Topic(s): Emissions and Smoke, Fire Effects
Region(s): Northwest
Keywords: O3 - ozone, UV photometer, NO-chemiluminescence, wildfires, smoke plumes, Oregon
Biomass burning is an important source to the atmosphere of carbonaceous particulate matter that impacts air quality, climate, and human health. The semivolatile nature of directly-emitted organic particulate matter can result in particle evaporation as smoke plumes dilute.…
Person:
Year: 2017
Type: Document
Source: FRAMES
Topic(s): Emissions and Smoke, Models
Region(s): Alaska, California, Eastern, Great Basin, Hawaii, Northern Rockies, Northwest, Rocky Mountain, Southern, Southwest, National
Keywords: organic aerosols, biomass burning, phase partitioning, smog, plume, photooxidation, PM - particulate matter
Although representing only a small mass fraction of the emissions from biomass burning, the emitted particle-phase organic species (organic aerosol, OA) exert importance influences on visibility, climate, and human health. Wildland fire, both prescribed and wildfires, is a…
Person:
Year: 2017
Type: Project
Source: FRAMES
Topic(s): Emissions and Smoke, Fire Effects
Region(s): Alaska, California, Eastern, Great Basin, Hawaii, Northern Rockies, Northwest, Rocky Mountain, Southern, Southwest, National
Keywords: organic aerosols, PM - particulate matter, biomass burning
The Southern Annular Mode (SAM) is the main driver of climate variability at mid to high latitudes in the Southern Hemisphere, affecting wildfire activity, which in turn pollutes the air and contributes to human health problems and mortality, and potentially provides strong…
Person:
Year: 2017
Type: Document
Source: FRAMES
Topic(s): Climate, Emissions and Smoke, Fire Behavior, Fire History
Region(s): International
Keywords: fire scars, AAO - Antarctic Oscillation, climate modes, warming, synchrony, South America
Canada is expected to see an increase in fire risk under future climate projections. Large fires, such as that near Fort McMurray, Alberta in 2016, can be devastating to the communities affected. Understanding the role of human emissions in the occurrence of such extreme fire…
Person:
Year: 2017
Type: Document
Source: FRAMES
Topic(s): Emissions and Smoke, Fire Occurrence, Hazard and Risk
Region(s): International
Keywords: Canada, extremes, Alberta, event attribution, CFFDRS - Canadian Forest Fire Danger Rating System
The Great Dismal Swamp (GDS) National Wildlife Refuge delivers multiple ecosystem services, including air quality and human health via fire mitigation. Our analysis estimates benefits of this service through its potential to reduce catastrophic wildfire related impacts on the…
Person:
Year: 2017
Type: Document
Source: FRAMES
Topic(s): Economics, Emissions and Smoke, Fire Effects, Fire Prevention
Region(s): Southern
Keywords: fire mitigation, ecosystem services, Virginia, wildfires, human health, geospatial data, Great Dismal Swamp National Wildlife Refuge, air quality
The goal of this project was to develop the Plume Dynamics and Meteorology portion of the Study Plan for the Fire and Smoke Model Evaluation Experiment (FASMEE). The Investigators participated in regular meetings with the other discipline leads, modeling leads, and the science…
Person:
Year: 2017
Type: Document
Source: FRAMES
Topic(s): Emissions and Smoke, Fire Effects, Models
Region(s): Alaska, California, Eastern, Great Basin, Hawaii, Northern Rockies, Northwest, Rocky Mountain, Southern, Southwest, National
Keywords: plume dynamics, FASMEE - Fire and Smoke Model Evaluation Experiment, meteorology
Fire is a major ecosystem disturbance that profoundly impacts vegetation dynamics, atmospheric trace gases and aerosol composition, climate, and the welfare of wildlife and human society. While climate is generally a critical driving factor shaping the occurrence, size, and…
Person:
Year: 2017
Type: Document
Source: FRAMES
Topic(s): Climate, Emissions and Smoke, Fire Effects, Fire Occurrence
Region(s): Alaska, California, Eastern, Great Basin, Hawaii, Northern Rockies, Northwest, Rocky Mountain, Southern, Southwest, National
Keywords: fire feedbacks, biomass burning, CO2 - carbon dioxide
The objective of FASMEE is to obtain measurements that can be used to evaluate and advance operational smoke models. Among the focus areas listed in the FON task statements are the modeling of fire growth, fire behavior, and plume development. In current operational models, the…
Person:
Year: 2017
Type: Document
Source: FRAMES
Topic(s): Emissions and Smoke, Fire Behavior, Models
Region(s): Alaska, California, Eastern, Great Basin, Hawaii, Northern Rockies, Northwest, Rocky Mountain, Southern, Southwest, National
Keywords: DAYSMOKE, FIRETEC, WFDS - Wildland-Urban Interface Fire Dynamics Simulator, WRF - Weather Research and Forecasting, FASMEE - Fire and Smoke Model Evaluation Experiment, fire plumes
Wildfires and prescribed fires produce emissions that are harmful to human health. These health effects, however, are difficult to quantify, likely in part due to sparse data on exposure. The ability to measure fire emissions as they reach sensitive areas is critical to ensuring…
Person:
Year: 2017
Type: Document
Source: FRAMES
Topic(s): Emissions and Smoke, Monitoring and Inventory
Region(s): Rocky Mountain
Keywords: public health, air quality, OAS - Outdoor Aerosol Sampler, PM2.5, Colorado