Type
Topic
Region
Year
Displaying 126 - 150 of 201
In the US, wildfires and prescribed burning present significant challenges to air regulatory agencies attempting to achieve and maintain compliance with air quality regulations. Fire emission factors (EF) are essential input for the emission models used to develop wildland fire…
Person:
Year: 2013
Type: Document
Source: FRAMES
Topic(s): Emissions and Smoke, Models
Region(s): Northern Rockies
Keywords: air quality, combustion efficiency
Eulerian chemical transport models are extensively used to steer environmental policy, forecast air quality and study atmospheric processes. However, the ability of these models to simulate concentrated atmospheric plumes, including fire-related smoke, may be limited. Wildland…
Person:
Year: 2013
Type: Document
Source: FRAMES
Topic(s): Emissions and Smoke, Models
Region(s): Southern
Keywords: PM2.5, Georgia, smoke transport, plume modelling, CMAQ - Community Multiscale Air Quality Modeling System
Smoke plumes associated with wildland fires are difficult to characterize due to the non-linear behavior of the variables involved. Plume chemistry is largely modeled using emission factors to represent the relative trace gas and aerosol species emitted. Plume dynamics are…
Person:
Year: 2013
Type: Document
Source: FRAMES
Topic(s): Emissions and Smoke, Models
Region(s): California, Southern
Keywords: air quality, North Carolina, low intensity burns, smoke dispersion, smoldering fires
Land managers of the northern Rocky Mountains and south-central U.S. are challenged with numerous social and ecological changes, many of which are linked to climate change. The work presented here focuses on two important research gaps: 1) managers do not understand public…
Person:
Year: 2013
Type: Document
Source: FRAMES
Topic(s): Emissions and Smoke, Prescribed Fire, Social Science
Region(s): Northern Rockies, Southern
Keywords: land management, public opinion, climate change, public perceptions
Space-borne sensors provide the only way to monitor the global distribution and characteristics of fire. Dramatic satellite maps showing fire activity across the entire Earth have been providing a unique picture of fire activity for the last three decades. This chapter…
Person:
Year: 2013
Type: Document
Source: FRAMES
Topic(s): Emissions and Smoke, Mapping, Monitoring and Inventory
Region(s): Alaska, California, Eastern, Great Basin, Hawaii, Northern Rockies, Northwest, Rocky Mountain, Southern, Southwest, National
Keywords: satellite remote sensing, flaming, smoldering fires, fire-affected area
Wildland fires are expected to increase as a consequence of climate change forces and more data were needed to help facility managers carry out prescribed burns, especially for the burning of southwestern and southeastern wild land fuels. As a consequence, RC-1648 and RC-1649…
Person:
Year: 2013
Type: Document
Source: FRAMES
Topic(s): Emissions and Smoke, Fuels, Models, Prescribed Fire
Region(s): California, Southwest
Keywords: air quality, chaparral, particulates, Arctostaphylos spp., Ceanothus spp., Quercus spp., Prosopis spp., Madrean, Adenostoma spp.
Estimating the economic benefits of reduced health damages due to improvements in environmental quality continues to challenge economists. We review welfare measures associated with reduced wildfire smoke exposure, and a unique dataset from California's Station Fire of 2009…
Person:
Year: 2013
Type: Document
Source: FRAMES
Topic(s): Economics, Emissions and Smoke
Region(s): California
Keywords: smoke exposure, health effects, willingness-to-pay, cost of illness, morbidity
Over the last century, the United States has evolved from a predominantly rural to an urbanized society with an exurban area currently referred to as the wildland urban interface (WUI). This WUI is critical as it occupies three to five times as much land area as urban areas with…
Person:
Year: 2013
Type: Document
Source: FRAMES
Topic(s): Emissions and Smoke, Fire Prevention, Mapping, Models, Planning, Prescribed Fire, Wildland-Urban Interface (WUI)
Region(s): Southern
Keywords: demographics, forest land management, smoke management, hazardous fuel reduction, WUI index
Several major car pileups with fatalities have resulted as a consequence of the formation of a dense smoke cloud which reduces visibility to less than 3 meters. These conditions of low visibility are known as Superfog. Continuing from work done by Dr. Gary Achtemeier,…
Person:
Year: 2013
Type: Document
Source: FRAMES
Topic(s): Emissions and Smoke, Fire Effects, Models
Region(s): Alaska, California, Eastern, Great Basin, Hawaii, Northern Rockies, Northwest, Rocky Mountain, Southern, Southwest, National
Keywords: superfog, laboratory experiments, fuel moisture, wind velocity
This document reports our success in achieving the objectives and accomplishing the deliverables proposed in the project “Validation of Smoke Transport Models with Airborne and Lidar Experiments”. This final report is divided into four sections. Section 1, the Background,…
Person:
Year: 2013
Type: Document
Source: FRAMES
Topic(s): Emissions and Smoke, Fire Effects, Models, Prescribed Fire
Region(s): Great Basin, Northern Rockies, Northwest
Keywords: air pollutants, black carbon, greenhouse gases, air quality
This report highlights selected accomplishments by the USDA Forest Service Rocky Mountain Research Station's Wildland Fire and Fuels Research & Development projects in support of the National Fire Plan from 2008 through 2012. These projects are examples of the broad range of…
Person:
Year: 2013
Type: Document
Source: FRAMES
Topic(s): Emissions and Smoke, Fire Behavior, Fire Occurrence, Fuels, Intelligence, Mapping, Models, Wildland-Urban Interface (WUI)
Region(s): California, Great Basin, Northern Rockies, Rocky Mountain, Southwest
Keywords: NFP - National Fire Plan, fire science, fire management, fire research, science delivery
Of particular concern to fire and air-quality management communities throughout the U.S. are the behavior and air-quality impacts of low-intensity prescribed fires for fuels management. For example, smoke from prescribed fires, which often occur in wildland-urban interface (WUI…
Person:
Year: 2013
Type: Document
Source: FRAMES
Topic(s): Emissions and Smoke, Fire Behavior, Fuels, Models, Planning, Prescribed Fire, Wildland-Urban Interface (WUI)
Region(s): Eastern
Keywords: air quality, New Jersey
Uncertainties associated with meteorological inputs which are propagated through atmospheric chemical transport models may constrain their ability to replicate the effects of wildland fires on air quality. Here we investigate the sensitivity of predicted fine particulate matter…
Person:
Year: 2013
Type: Document
Source: FRAMES
Topic(s): Emissions and Smoke, Fire Effects, Models
Region(s): Southern
Keywords: fire simulations, air quality, PM - particulate matter, CMAQ - Community Multiscale Air Quality Modeling System, PM2.5
Wildland firefighters in the United States are occupationally exposed to high levels of woodsmoke. Results from experimental studies show that exposure to woodsmoke induces inflammation. A study was conducted to investigate the effect of occupational woodsmoke exposure on…
Person:
Year: 2013
Type: Document
Source: FRAMES
Topic(s): Emissions and Smoke, Prescribed Fire, Safety
Region(s): Southern
Keywords: inflammation, firefighter safety, firefighter health, smoke exposure, PM2.5, CO - carbon monoxide, biomarkers, wood smoke, interleukin-8, blood sample
Both long duration (>6 h) and high temperature (up to 139 °C) sampling efforts were conducted using ambient air sampling methods to determine if either high volume throughput or higher than ambient air sampling temperatures resulted in loss of target polychlorinated…
Person:
Year: 2013
Type: Document
Source: FRAMES
Topic(s): Emissions and Smoke, Monitoring and Inventory
Region(s): Alaska, California, Eastern, Great Basin, Hawaii, Northern Rockies, Northwest, Rocky Mountain, Southern, Southwest, National
Keywords: air quality, PCDD - polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins, PCDF - polychlorinated dibenzofurans, open burning, quality control, air samples
Aerial- and ground-sampled emissions from three prescribed forest burns in the southeastern U.S. were compared to emissions from laboratory open burn tests using biomass from the same locations. A comprehensive array of emissions, including PM2.5, black carbon (BC), brown carbon…
Person:
Year: 2013
Type: Document
Source: FRAMES
Topic(s): Emissions and Smoke, Monitoring and Inventory, Prescribed Fire
Region(s): Southern
Keywords: PM2.5, black carbon, brown carbon, carbon dioxide, VOC - volatile organic compounds, PCDD - polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins, PCDF - polychlorinated dibenzofurans, biomass burning
Low intensity prescription burning is used to reduce fuels, improve ecosystem health, and to mimic a natural fire pattern that is otherwise suppressed during the more intense wildfire season. There are many constraints that limit the ability to conduct prescribed burn operations…
Person:
Year: 2013
Type: Document
Source: FRAMES
Topic(s): Emissions and Smoke, Fuels, Models, Prescribed Fire
Region(s): Southern
Keywords: North Carolina, visibility, air quality, fine particulate matter, ozone, BlueSky Modeling Framework, HYSPLIT - Hybrid Single-Particle Lagrangian Integrated Trajectory
This project, a collaboration between Colorado State University (CSU), Carnegie Mellon University (CMU), the University of Washington (UW), and the National Park Service (NPS), investigated the atmospheric aging of biomass burning plumes in order to examine changes in both…
Person:
Year: 2013
Type: Document
Source: FRAMES
Topic(s): Emissions and Smoke, Fire Effects, Models
Region(s): Alaska, California, Eastern, Great Basin, Hawaii, Northern Rockies, Northwest, Rocky Mountain, Southern, Southwest, International, National
Keywords: biomass burning, plumes, Canada, IMPROVE, PM - particulate matter
This document reports our success in achieving the objectives and accomplishing the deliverables proposed in the project “Deterministic and Empirical Assessment of Smoke’s Contribution to Ozone (DEASCO3). This final report is divided into four sections. Section 1, the Background…
Person:
Year: 2013
Type: Document
Source: FRAMES
Topic(s): Emissions and Smoke, Fire Effects, Models
Region(s): Alaska, California, Eastern, Great Basin, Hawaii, Northern Rockies, Northwest, Rocky Mountain, Southern, Southwest, National
Keywords: O3 - ozone, air quality
The Joint Fire Science Program (JFSP) has a requirement for assistance to the JFSP Governing Board and Program Manager in a comprehensive data analysis and literature review as described in the recently developed JFSP Smoke Science Plan (SSP). Assistance shall include the…
Person:
Year: 2013
Type: Project
Source: FRAMES
Topic(s): Emissions and Smoke, Fire Effects
Region(s): Alaska, California, Eastern, Great Basin, Hawaii, Northern Rockies, Northwest, Rocky Mountain, Southern, Southwest, National
Keywords: PM - particulate matter, air quality, literature review
The increasing trends in aerosol concentrations observed by the Interagency Monitoring of Protected Visual Environments (IMPROVE) network in the wilderness areas along the Gulf of Alaska during low insolation periods and in Denali National Park and Preserve (Denali NP) during…
Person:
Year: 2013
Type: Document
Source: FRAMES
Topic(s): Emissions and Smoke, Models, Weather
Region(s): Alaska
Keywords: air quality, wilderness areas, aerosols, wildfires, IMPROVE, WRF-Chem, Denali National Park and Preserve, visibility, insolation
Even if you don’t live in an area prone to wildfires, your health may be threatened by smoke from fires raging in other parts of the country. New NRDC analysis shows that about two-thirds of the United States—nearly 212 million people—lived in counties affected by smoke…
Person:
Year: 2013
Type: Document
Source: FRAMES
Topic(s): Climate, Emissions and Smoke, Hazard and Risk, Planning
Region(s): Alaska, California, Eastern, Great Basin, Hawaii, Northern Rockies, Northwest, Rocky Mountain, Southern, Southwest, National
Keywords: air quality, climate change, health impacts, PM2.5, community response
A PM2.5 monitoring network was established around Lake Tahoe during fall 2011, which, in conjunction with measurements at prescribed burns and smoke dispersion modeling based on the Fire Emission Production Simulator and the Hybrid Single Particle Lagrangian Integrated…
Person:
Year: 2013
Type: Document
Source: FRAMES
Topic(s): Emissions and Smoke, Models, Prescribed Fire
Region(s): California
Keywords: PM2.5 emissions, PM - particulate matter, Lake Tahoe, HYSPLIT - Hybrid Single-Particle Lagrangian Integrated Trajectory, air quality, FEPS - Fire Emissions Production Simulator
The current study was undertaken to evaluate the effect of smoke on forced expiratory volumes and airway responsiveness in wildland fire fighters during a season of active fire fighting. Sixty-three seasonal and full-time wildland fire fighters from five U.S. Department of…
Person:
Year: 1992
Type: Document
Source: FRAMES
Topic(s): Emissions and Smoke, Safety
Region(s): California, Northern Rockies
Keywords: smoke impacts, inhalation irritants, firefighter health, respiratory illness
One strategy of plant survival during post-fire succession is to persist and regenerate by recruiting new individuals from a fire-resistant seed bank. The heat, smoke, and charcoal released during plant combustion may act (individually or in combination) as a cue for post-fire…
Person:
Year: 2013
Type: Document
Source: FRAMES, TTRS
Topic(s): Emissions and Smoke, Fire Ecology, Fire Effects, Fire Occurrence
Region(s): International
Keywords: recruitment, dormancy, germination, Argentina, grassland, Patagonia, Fabiana imbricata, fire resistant plants, heat, post-fire recovery, smoke effects, wildfires, charcoal, invasive species, seed germination, shrubs, site treatments, succession, South America, fire management, range management, smoke management