Type
Topic
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Displaying 1 - 25 of 37
From the text ... 'This article updates the uses of the fire severity index called the Haines Index (HI). We discuss the original intended use of HI, its current operational use, some ways that users have modified it, and different aspects of HI that researchers are examining to…
Person:
Year: 2002
Type: Document
Source: TTRS
Topic(s): Climate, Emissions and Smoke, Fire Behavior, Fire Ecology, Fuels, Hazard and Risk, Models, Planning, Weather
Region(s): Alaska, California, Eastern, Great Basin, Hawaii, Northern Rockies, Northwest, Rocky Mountain, Southern, Southwest, National
Keywords: convection, fire danger rating, fire intensity, fire management, fire size, fire suppression, flame length, fuel moisture, ignition, rate of spread, smoke behavior, temperature, Washington, wildfires, wind
From the text ... 'Wildland fire managers face increasingly steep challenges to meet air quality standards while planning prescribed fire and its inevitable smoke emissions. The goals of sound fire management practices, including fuel load reduction through prescribed burning,…
Person:
Year: 2012
Type: Document
Source: TTRS
Topic(s): Climate, Emissions and Smoke, Fire Effects, Fire Occurrence, Fuels, Hazard and Risk, Models, Prescribed Fire
Region(s): Alaska, California, Eastern, Great Basin, Hawaii, Northern Rockies, Northwest, Rocky Mountain, Southern, Southwest, National
Keywords: fire hazard reduction, fuel loading, low intensity burns, rate of spread, smoke effects, wildfires, air quality, climate change, fire management, land management, smoke management
Multiple air monitoring campaigns were conducted from 2003 to 2007 during the months of December through April in which time-integrated monitoring of PM2.5 was performed during 55 prescribed burn (PB) events administered under select meteorological conditions. The data were…
Person:
Year: 2012
Type: Document
Source: TTRS
Topic(s): Climate, Emissions and Smoke, Fire Behavior, Models, Prescribed Fire, Weather
Region(s): Southern
Keywords: fire intensity, fire size, ignition, air quality, particulates, statistical analysis, wind, Georgia, South Carolina, fire management, smoke management, air pollution, Generalized Additive Models, mixed-models, particulate matter
Large forest fires are a known natural and dominant disturbance factor in high northern latitudes, and form pyrocumulus (pyroCu), and occasionally pyrocumulonimbus (pyroCb) clouds. These clouds can transport emissions into the upper troposphere/lower stratosphere (UT/LS) and…
Person:
Year: 2012
Type: Document
Source: TTRS
Topic(s): Emissions and Smoke, Intelligence, Models, Climate
Region(s): International
Keywords: biomass burning, fire size, wildfires, radiation, remote sensing, Saskatchewan, Canada, fire management, smoke management, remote sensing, pyrocumulus, clouds, fires, biomass burning, radiometer, Monte Carlo, three-dimensional (3D) radiative transfer, dffusion approximations, airborne
Particle size distribution from forest biomass combustion is an important parameter as it affects air quality, global climate and human health. There have been several studies that relate emission of 2.5-10 µm particulates and their effects on human health. The objective of this…
Person:
Year: 2012
Type: Document
Source: TTRS
Topic(s): Climate, Emissions and Smoke, Fire Occurrence
Region(s): International
Keywords: biomass burning, wildfires, air quality, climate change, health factors, particulates, Amazon, Brazil, South America, fire management, forest management, smoke management, ultra-fine particulate matter, real-time sampling, Amazon forest fires
Biomass combustion is an important primary source of particles with adsorbed biomarker compounds in the global atmosphere. The introduction of natural product organic compounds into smoke occurs primarily by direct volatilization/steam stripping and by thermal alteration based…
Person:
Year: 2002
Type: Document
Source: TTRS
Topic(s): Climate, Emissions and Smoke, Fire Behavior, Fire Effects, Fuels, Prescribed Fire
Region(s): Alaska, California, Eastern, Great Basin, Hawaii, Northern Rockies, Northwest, Rocky Mountain, Southern, Southwest, National
Keywords: aerosols, air quality, biomass, cellulose, chemical compounds, chemistry, combustion, coniferous forests, conifers, hardwood forests, heat effects, hydrocarbons, Larix, lignin, organic matter, particulates, peat, Picea, pine forests, Pinus, pollution, potash, K - potassium, Pseudotsuga, recreation related fires, smoke effects, smoke management, soot, statistical analysis, temperature, Tsuga mertensiana, volatilization, wildfires, woody plants
A likely causal chain is established here that connects humidity in the stratosphere, relative humidity near the tropical tropopause, ice crystal size in towering cumulus clouds, and aerosols associated with tropical biomass burning. The connections are revealed in satellite-…
Person:
Year: 2002
Type: Document
Source: TTRS
Topic(s): Climate, Emissions and Smoke
Region(s): Alaska, California, Eastern, Great Basin, Hawaii, Northern Rockies, Northwest, Rocky Mountain, Southern, Southwest, National
Keywords: aerosols, biomass, gases, humidity, moisture, ozone, particulates, temperature, water
From the Conclusion...'Fire is only one issue in the wildland-urban interface, but it attracts attention. The challenges associated with managing wildland fire in the interface - interagency communication, growth management, fire-dependent ecological systems, Federal-State-local…
Person:
Year: 2002
Type: Document
Source: TTRS
Topic(s): Climate, Economics, Emissions and Smoke, Fire Behavior, Fire Ecology, Fire History, Fire Occurrence, Fire Prevention, Fuels, Hazard and Risk, Intelligence, Logistics, Outreach, Prescribed Fire, Safety, Social Science, Wildland-Urban Interface (WUI)
Region(s): Southern
Keywords: Acer, air quality, bibliographies, catastrophic fires, droughts, ecosystem dynamics, education, fire damage (property), fire damage protection, fire dependent species, fire exclusion, fire frequency, fire hazard reduction, fire management, fire regimes, fire suppression, firefighting personnel, Florida, forest management, fuel loading, fuel management, fuel types, Georgia, grazing, hardwood forests, herbicides, histories, incendiary fires, land use, landscape ecology, liability, lightning caused fires, Mississippi, mowing, pine forests, Pinus palustris, post fire recovery, public information, Quercus, roads, rural communities, smoke behavior, Texas, thinning, urban habitats, wilderness fire management
The State of North Carolina has engaged in an active prescribed fire and smoke management program since the 1970s in an effort to maintain a healthy ecosystem and minimize uncontrolled fuel overgrowth that contributes to catastrophic wildfires. Each of the State's 13 natural…
Person:
Year: 2012
Type: Document
Source: FRAMES
Topic(s): Climate, Emissions and Smoke, Fire History, Prescribed Fire, Weather
Region(s): Southern
Keywords: NFDRS - National Fire Danger Rating System, North Carolina, fire data
Wildland fire managers face increasingly steep challenges to meet air quality standards while planning prescribed fire and its inevitable smoke emissions. The goals of sound fire management practices, including fuel load reduction through prescribed burning, are often challenged…
Person:
Year: 2012
Type: Document
Source: FRAMES
Topic(s): Climate, Emissions and Smoke, Intelligence, Models
Region(s): Alaska, California, Eastern, Great Basin, Hawaii, Northern Rockies, Northwest, Rocky Mountain, Southern, Southwest, National
Keywords: air quality, JFSP - Joint Fire Science Program, smoke emissions, smoke management, smoke science research
The Rocky Mountain Research Station is one of six regional units that make up the USDA Forest Service Research and Development organization-the most extensive natural resources research organization in the world. We maintain 12 field laboratories throughout a 14-state territory…
Person:
Year: 2002
Type: Document
Source: FRAMES
Topic(s): Administration, Climate, Emissions and Smoke, Fire Behavior, Fire Ecology, Fire Effects, Fire History, Fire Prevention, Fuels, Mapping, Models, Monitoring and Inventory, Planning, Prescribed Fire, Restoration and Rehabilitation
Region(s): Great Basin, Northern Rockies, Rocky Mountain, Southwest
Keywords: research, US Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station
The Pacific Northwest (PNW) Research Station conducts research on a wide range of topics to improve the management and use of natural resources. Categorizing this research is often difficult because in many cases the crux of an issue lies in its connection to many natural…
Person:
Year: 2012
Type: Document
Source: FRAMES
Topic(s): Climate, Emissions and Smoke, Fire Ecology, Fuels, Models, Prescribed Fire, Social Science, Aquatic
Region(s): Northwest
Keywords: fire, wildlife, climate change, watersheds, community sustainability, forests and grasslands, learning events
Fires in agricultural ecosystems emit greenhouse gases and aerosols that influence climate on multiple spatial and temporal scales. Annex 1 countries of the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC), many of which ratified the Kyoto Protocol, are required to…
Person:
Year: 2012
Type: Document
Source: FRAMES, TTRS
Topic(s): Climate, Emissions and Smoke, Fire Effects, Regulations and Legislation
Region(s): Alaska, California, Eastern, Great Basin, Hawaii, Northern Rockies, Northwest, Rocky Mountain, Southern, Southwest, International, National
Keywords: agriculture, CO2 - carbon dioxide, cropland fires, mitigation, biomass burning, satellite observations, radiative forcing, fire frequency, aerosols, air quality, greenhouse gases, remote sensing, fire management, range management, croplands
Background: Characterizing factors which determine susceptibility to air pollution is an important step in understanding the distribution of risk in a population and is critical for setting appropriate policies. We evaluate general and specific measures of community health as…
Person:
Year: 2012
Type: Document
Source: FRAMES
Topic(s): Climate, Emissions and Smoke, Fire Effects, Safety
Region(s): Southern
Keywords: North Carolina, asthma, air pollution, air quality, heart failure, climate change, wildfires, disparities and susceptibility, public health
The methodology for this assessment explicitly addressed ecosystem disturbances, including human- and naturally caused wildland fires, as required by the EISA legislation (U.S. Congress, 2007; Zhu and others, 2010). As indicated by figure 1.2 in chapter 1 of this report, the…
Person:
Year: 2012
Type: Document
Source: FRAMES
Topic(s): Climate, Emissions and Smoke, Fire Behavior, Fire Effects, Fire Occurrence, Mapping, Models
Region(s): California, Great Basin, Northern Rockies, Northwest, Rocky Mountain, Southwest
Keywords: climate change, area burned, C - carbon, carbon dioxide, carbon sequestration, wildfires, FOFEM - First Order Fire Effects Model, mitigation, fire management
This assessment was conducted to fulfill the requirements of section 712 of the Energy Independence and Security Act (EISA) of 2007 and to improve understanding of carbon and greenhouse gas (GHG) fluxes in ecosystems of the Western United States. The assessment examined carbon…
Person:
Year: 2012
Type: Document
Source: FRAMES
Topic(s): Climate, Emissions and Smoke, Fire Behavior, Fire Occurrence, Mapping, Models
Region(s): California, Great Basin, Northern Rockies, Northwest, Rocky Mountain, Southwest
Keywords: climate change, C - carbon, carbon storage, greenhouse gases, flux, sequestration, wildfires
A recent analysis indicates that Canadian forest fires have released an average of 27 Mt (1012 g) of carbon annually over the past four decades (Amiro et al. 2001a). These emissions are caused by direct combustion. About an equal additional amount of carbon may also be lost…
Person:
Year: 2002
Type: Document
Source: FRAMES
Topic(s): Climate, Emissions and Smoke, Fire Effects
Region(s): Alaska, International
Keywords: biodiversity, Canada, fire, fire suppression, boreal, carbon emissions, climate change, Kyoto Protocol
Fuel reduction has the best chance of success if managers understand the factors that influence public acceptance of fuel management sufficiently to provide effective responses to the questions, objections, and concerns of wildland-urban interface (WUI) homeowners. This study's…
Person:
Year: 2002
Type: Document
Source: FRAMES, TTRS
Topic(s): Administration, Climate, Emissions and Smoke, Fire Behavior, Fire Ecology, Fire Occurrence, Fire Prevention, Fuels, Hazard and Risk, Intelligence, Mapping, Models, Outreach, Planning, Prescribed Fire, Regulations and Legislation, Safety, Social Science, Wildland-Urban Interface (WUI)
Region(s): California, Eastern, Southern
Keywords: public opinion, aesthetics, catastrophic fires, coniferous forests, ecosystem dynamics, education, fire damage (property), fire frequency, fire hazard, fire hazard reduction, fire injuries (humans), fire management planning, fire protection, fire suppression, firebreak, flammability, Florida, forest management, fuel management, geography, GIS - geographic information system, health factors, human caused fires, hunting, JFSP - Joint Fire Science Program, Lake States, land management, landscape ecology, lightning caused fires, logging, Michigan, mowing, national forests, natural resource legislation, pine forests, pine hardwood forests, private lands, public information, recreation, regulations, sampling, SFP - Southern Fire Portal, site treatments, smoke effects, state forests, statistical analysis, trees, understory vegetation, wildlife habitat management, wildfires
Boreal forest fires are an important source of terrestrial carbon emissions, particularly during years of widespread wildfires. Most carbon emission models parameterize wildfire impacts and carbon flux to area burned by fires, therein making the assumption that fires consume a…
Person:
Year: 2012
Type: Document
Source: TTRS
Topic(s): Climate, Emissions and Smoke, Fire Effects, Fuels
Region(s): Alaska
Keywords: fire regimes, surface fuels, wildfires, air quality, C - carbon, cover, fire management, forest management, boreal forests, boreal forest, C - carbon, dNBR - differenced (or delta) Normalized Burn Ratio, NLCD - National Land Cover Database
Biomass burning (BB) contributes large amounts of black carbon (BC) and particulate organic matter (POM) to the atmosphere and contributes significantly to the earth's radiation balance. BB particles can be a complicated optical system, with scattering and absorption…
Person:
Year: 2012
Type: Document
Source: TTRS
Topic(s): Climate, Emissions and Smoke, Fire Effects, Fire Occurrence
Region(s): Rocky Mountain
Keywords: biomass burning, fire case histories, wildfires, air quality, C - carbon, organic matter, particulates, Colorado, fire management, forest management, coniferous forests, forest fire, tar balls
This paper examines the economic potential for fire management to provide offsets to carbon markets in the savannas of northern Australia. Long-term field trials in Australia's savannas have quantified greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions abatement resulting from improved fire…
Person:
Year: 2012
Type: Document
Source: TTRS
Topic(s): Climate, Economics, Emissions and Smoke, Fire Occurrence
Region(s): International
Keywords: fire frequency, wildfires, C - carbon, climate change, greenhouse gases, Northern Territory of Australia, Australia, fire management, forest management, savannas, carbon market, climate change mitigation, fire management, greenhouse gas offset, Indigenous fire management
Prescribed fire can potentially reduce carbon emissions from unplanned fires. This potential will differ among ecosystems owing to inherent differences in the efficacy of prescribed burning in reducing unplanned fire activity (or 'leverage', i.e. the reduction in area of…
Person:
Year: 2012
Type: Document
Source: FRAMES, TTRS
Topic(s): Climate, Emissions and Smoke, Fire Effects, Fire Occurrence, Fuels, Models, Prescribed Fire
Region(s): International
Keywords: fine fuels, fire frequency, fire intensity, fire regimes, fuel accumulation, fuel loading, fuel types, surface fuels, wildfires, air quality, C - carbon, climate change, litter, statistical analysis, Eucalyptus spp., Australia, fire management, forest management, fuel management, smoke management, sclerophyll forests
Landscape fires during the 21st century are expected to change in response to multiple agents of global change. Important controlling factors include climate controls on the length and intensity of the fire season, fuel availability, and fire management, which are already…
Person:
Year: 2012
Type: Document
Source: TTRS
Topic(s): Climate, Emissions and Smoke, Fire Prevention, Fuels, Models
Region(s): International
Keywords: fire suppression, fuel accumulation, human caused fires, season of fire, wildfires, air quality, C - carbon, climate change, population density, statistical analysis, fire adaptations, land use
Soil microbes regulate the transfer of carbon (C) from ecosystems to the atmosphere and in doing so influence feedbacks between terrestrial ecosystems and global climate change. Fire is one element of global change that may influence soil microbial communities and, in turn,…
Person:
Year: 2012
Type: Document
Source: TTRS
Topic(s): Climate, Emissions and Smoke, Fire Effects, Fire Occurrence, Prescribed Fire
Region(s): California
Keywords: fire intensity, post fire recovery, wildfires, biomass, C - carbon, climate change, fungi, mortality, microorganisms, soil moisture, soil nutrients, soil organisms, soil temperature, volatilization, water repellent soils, fire management, soil management, boreal forests, grasslands, biome, fire severity, fungi, global climate change, meta-analysis, microbial biomass, soil CO2 emissions
Concern about the risk of harmful human-induced climate change has resulted in international efforts to reduce greenhouse gas emissions to the atmosphere. We review the international and national context for consideration of greenhouse abatement in native vegetation management…
Person:
Year: 2002
Type: Document
Source: TTRS
Topic(s): Climate, Emissions and Smoke, Fire Ecology, Prescribed Fire
Region(s): International
Keywords: air quality, Australia, biomass, C - carbon, cover, gases, climate change, hardwood forests, land use, plantations, Queensland, rangelands, climate change, Kyoto Protocol, land use change, carbon stocks, sequestration, biomass burning, clearing