Type
Topic
Region
Year
Displaying 126 - 150 of 223
The feasibility and fundamentals of forest fire detection by smoke sensing with single-wavelength lidar are discussed with reference to results of 532-nm lidar measurements of smoke plumes from experimental forest fires in Portugal within the scope of the Gestosa 2001 project.…
Person:
Year: 2003
Type: Document
Source: FRAMES, TTRS
Topic(s): Communications, Emissions and Smoke, Fire Prevention, Intelligence, Mapping, Models, Monitoring and Inventory
Region(s): International
Keywords: remote sensing, Portugal, Gestosa, fire management, fire suppression, smoke behavior, smoke management, statistical analysis, wildfires
Fire regimes were reconstructed from fire-scarred trees on five large forested study sites (135-810 ha) on the North and South Rims at Grand Canyon National Park. Adequacy of sampling was tested with cumulative sample curves, effectiveness of fire recording on individual trees,…
Person:
Year: 2003
Type: Document
Source: FRAMES, TTRS
Topic(s): Climate, Economics, Emissions and Smoke, Fire Behavior, Fire Ecology, Fire Effects, Fire History, Fire Occurrence, Fuels, Restoration and Rehabilitation, Weather
Region(s): Southwest
Keywords: Gambel oak, ponderosa pine, Grand Canyon National Park, mixed conifer, Kaibab Plateau, Coconino Plateau, modern calibration, Abies concolor, Arizona, biogeography, burning intervals, climatology, coniferous forests, dendrochronology, distribution, drought, elevation, European settlement, fire exclusion, fire frequency, fire injuries (plants), fire management, fire regimes, fire scar analysis, fire size, forest management, fuel accumulation, fuel loading, hardwoods, landscape ecology, national forests, national parks, Native Americans, pine forests, Pinus ponderosa, population density, Populus tremuloides, Douglas-fir, Pseudotsuga menziesii, Quercus gambelii, Robinia, sampling, season of fire, smoke management, statistical analysis, surface fires, wilderness fire management, wildfires
Changes in ecological concepts and a new focus on biodiversity as a central objective have led to changes in fire policies in South African savanna parks. Prescribed burning using fixed fire intervals is being replaced by systems that promote more variable fire regimes and…
Person:
Year: 2003
Type: Document
Source: FRAMES, TTRS
Topic(s): Climate, Emissions and Smoke, Fire Behavior, Fire Ecology, Fire Effects, Fire Occurrence, Fuels, Planning, Prescribed Fire, Regulations and Legislation
Region(s): International
Keywords: fire management planning, fire policy, savannas, South Africa, Kruger National Park, Africa, arid regions, Australia, burning intervals, CO2 - carbon dioxide, community ecology, conservation, cover, distribution, ecosystem dynamics, fire frequency, fire intensity, fire management, fire regimes, fire size, fuel loading, grasses, grazing, landscape ecology, lightning, mesic soils, mosaic, national parks, overstory, population density, post-fire recovery, species diversity, succession, woody plants
Savannas form a large fraction of the total tropical vegetation and are extremely fire prone. We measured radiative, energy and carbon exchanges over unburned and burned (both before and after low and moderate intensity fires) open forest savanna at Howard Springs, Darwin,…
Person:
Year: 2003
Type: Document
Source: FRAMES, TTRS
Topic(s): Emissions and Smoke, Fire Behavior, Fire Ecology, Fire Effects, Fire Occurrence, Fuels, Models
Region(s): International
Keywords: fire intensity, albedo, Australia, Northern Territory of Australia, surface energy exchanges, Howard Springs, eddy covariance, biomass, C - carbon, CO2 - carbon dioxide, char, crown fires, crown scorch, ecosystem dynamics, Eucalyptus miniata, evapotranspiration, Eucalyptus tetrodonta, fire exclusion, fire frequency, fire management, fire regimes, flame length, fuel loading, fuel moisture, fuel types, grasses, grasslands, heat, moisture, nutrient cycling, overstory, post-fire recovery, savannas, scorch, tropical forest, understory vegetation, wildfires, woody fuels
Considerable research has been undertaken over the past two decades to apply remote sensing to the study of fire regimes across the savannas of northern Australia. This work has focused on two spatial scales of imagery resolution: coarse-resolution NOAA-AVHRR imagery for savanna…
Person:
Year: 2003
Type: Document
Source: FRAMES, TTRS
Topic(s): Communications, Emissions and Smoke, Fire Behavior, Fire Ecology, Fire Effects, Fire History, Fire Occurrence, Intelligence, Mapping, Monitoring and Inventory, Prescribed Fire
Region(s): International
Keywords: fire regimes, remote sensing, Landsat, NOAA-AVHRR, Australia, aborigines, air quality, fire frequency, fire management, fire size, mosaic, Northern Territory of Australia, precipitation, prehistoric fires, Queensland, savannas, season of fire, statistical analysis, wildfires
Effects of biomass burning and lightning on atmospheric chemistry over Australia and South-east Asia
In situ aircraft measurements of trace gases and aerosols were made in the boundary layer (BL) and free troposphere (FT) over Indonesia and Australia during the Biomass Burning and Lightning Experiment (BIBLE)-A and B conducted in August-October 1998 and 1999. Concentrations of…
Person:
Year: 2003
Type: Document
Source: FRAMES, TTRS
Topic(s): Climate, Emissions and Smoke, Fire Effects, Monitoring and Inventory, Weather
Region(s): International
Keywords: lightning, Indonesia, Australia, biomass burning, atmospheric chemistry, aerosols, air quality, biomass, chemistry, climatology, ENSO - El Nino Southern Oscillation, fire management, gases, hydrocarbons, N - nitrogen, ozone, seasonal activities, statistical analysis, surface fires, wildfires
We examined how adsorption and desorption of gases from inlets and a cell could affect the accuracy of closed-cell FTIR measurements of carbon dioxide (CO2), carbon monoxide (CO), methane (CH4), nitric oxide (NO), nitrogen dioxide (NO2), methanol (CH3OH), acetic acid (CH3COOH),…
Person:
Year: 2003
Type: Document
Source: FRAMES
Topic(s): Emissions and Smoke
Region(s): Alaska, California, Eastern, Great Basin, Hawaii, Northern Rockies, Northwest, Rocky Mountain, Southern, Southwest, National
Keywords: ammonia, acetic acid, methanol, trace gas sampling
We measured stable and reactive trace gases with an airborne Fourier transform infrared spectrometer (AFTIR) on the University of Washington Convair-580 research aircraft in August/September 2000 during the SAFARI 2000 dry season campaign in Southern Africa. The measurements…
Person:
Year: 2003
Type: Document
Source: FRAMES
Topic(s): Emissions and Smoke
Region(s): International
Keywords: Africa, AFTIR - airborne Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, biomass burning, OVOC - oxygenated volatile organic compounds, savanna fires, cloud chemistry, photochemistry
The Rocky Mountain Research Station is one of six regional units that make up the USDA Forest Service Research and Development organization-the most extensive natural resources research organization in the world. We maintain 12 field laboratories throughout a 14-state territory…
Person:
Year: 2003
Type: Document
Source: FRAMES
Topic(s): Administration, Climate, Emissions and Smoke, Fire Ecology, Fire Effects, Fire Prevention, Fuels, Intelligence, Mapping, Models, Monitoring and Inventory, Outreach, Planning, Prescribed Fire, Restoration and Rehabilitation
Region(s): Great Basin, Northern Rockies, Rocky Mountain, Southwest
Keywords: Forest Service, NFP - National Fire Plan, research, Rocky Mountain Research Station
Airborne measurements made on initial smoke from 10 savanna fires in southern Africa provide quantitative data on emissions of 50 gaseous and particulate species, including carbon dioxide, carbon monoxide, sulfur dioxide, nitrogen oxides, methane, ammonia, dimethyl sulfide,…
Person:
Year: 2003
Type: Document
Source: FRAMES
Topic(s): Emissions and Smoke
Region(s): International
Keywords: Africa, trace gas emissions, biomass burning, particle emissions
Retrieved tropospheric carbon monoxide (CO) column densities are presented for more than 9000 spectra obtained by the University of Wisconsin-Madison (UWis) Scanning High-Resolution Interferometer Sounder (SHIS) during a flight on the NASA ER-2 on 7 September 2000 as part of the…
Person:
Year: 2003
Type: Document
Source: FRAMES
Topic(s): Emissions and Smoke
Region(s): International
Keywords: Africa, tropospheric CO
Airborne measurements of particles and gases from a 1000-ha savanna fire in South Africa are presented. These measurements represent the most extensive data set reported on the aging of biomass smoke. The measurements include total concentrations of particles (CN), particle…
Person:
Year: 2003
Type: Document
Source: FRAMES
Topic(s): Emissions and Smoke, Fuels
Region(s): International
Keywords: gases, particles, biomass burning, airborne measurements, savanna fires, South Africa
The Fire and Fuels Extension to the Forest Vegetation Simulator is a model that simulates fuel dynamics and potential fire behavior over time, in the context of stand development and management. Existing models are used to represent forest stand development (the Forest…
Person:
Year: 2003
Type: Document
Source: FRAMES, TTRS
Topic(s): Climate, Emissions and Smoke, Fire Behavior, Fire Ecology, Fire Effects, Fire Prevention, Fuels, Hazard and Risk, Intelligence, Models, Outreach, Prescribed Fire, Social Science
Region(s): Alaska, California, Eastern, Great Basin, Hawaii, Northern Rockies, Northwest, Rocky Mountain, Southern, Southwest, National
Keywords: fuel dynamics, silviculture, stand dynamics, fuel treatment, potential fire behavior, FFE-FVS - Fire and Fuels Extension to the Forest Vegetation Simulator, Abies grandis, Abies lasiocarpa, air quality, biomass, Agropyron spp., catastrophic fires, climatology, combustion, computer program, coniferous forests, crown fires, crown scorch, crowns, dead fuels, decay, decomposition, diameter classes, distribution, duff, ecosystem dynamics, education, fire control, fire hazard reduction, fire injuries (plants), flame length, fire intensity, forest management, fuel accumulation, fuel loading, fuel management, fuel moisture, grasses, habitat types, herbaceous vegetation, Larix occidentalis, leaves, litter, live fuels, logging, moisture, mortality, Picea engelmannii, pine forests, Pinus contorta, lodgepole pine, Pinus monticola, Pinus ponderosa, ponderosa pine, population density, population ecology, Douglas-fir, Pseudotsuga menziesii, public information, rate of spread, salvage, regeneration, scorch, shrubs, site treatments, size classes, sloping terrain, snags, stand characteristics, statistical analysis, surface fires, surface fuels, Symphoricarpos spp., temperature, thinning, Tsuga heterophylla, Tsuga mertensiana, vegetation surveys, watershed management, wildfires, wildland fuels, wildlife habitat management, wind, woody fuels
Domestic biomass fuels (biofuels) were recently estimated to be the second largest source of carbon emissions from global biomass burning. Wood and charcoal provide approximately 90% and 10% of domestic energy in tropical Africa. In September 2000, we used open-path Fourier…
Person:
Year: 2003
Type: Document
Source: FRAMES
Topic(s): Emissions and Smoke, Fuels
Region(s): International
Keywords: Africa, trace gas emissions, biomass burning, biofuel, Zambia
The Environmental Consequences Team is developing an information delivery system about potential environmental consequences of fuel treatment activities. Broadly, these activities include thinning and burning, and associated work. The environmental consequences of these…
Person:
Year: 2003
Type: Document
Source: FRAMES, TTRS
Topic(s): Emissions and Smoke, Fire Effects, Fire Prevention, Fuels, Planning, Prescribed Fire
Region(s): Alaska, California, Eastern, Great Basin, Hawaii, Northern Rockies, Northwest, Rocky Mountain, Southern, Southwest, National
Keywords: fuel treatments, thinning, burning, air quality, ecology, environmental impact analysis, fire hazard reduction, fire management, fuel management, JFSP - Joint Fire Science Program, water
Understanding the trade-offs between short-term and long-term consequences of fire impacts on ecosystems is needed before a comprehensive fuels management program can be implemented nationally. We are evaluating 3 potential trade-off models at 8 locations in major U.S. fuel…
Person:
Year: 2003
Type: Document
Source: FRAMES, TTRS
Topic(s): Emissions and Smoke, Fire Behavior, Fire Ecology, Fire Effects, Fire History, Fire Occurrence, Fuels, Models, Prescribed Fire
Region(s): Northern Rockies
Keywords: FETM - Fire Effects Tradeoff Model, fuel treatments, SIMPPLLE - SIMulating Vegetative Patterns and Processes at Landscape scaLEs, VDDT - Vegetation Dynamics Development Tool, landscape modeling, Montana, MAGIS - Multi-resource Analysis and Geographic Information System, Bitterroot National Forest, LANDSUM - LANDscape SUccession Model, air quality, bibliographies, coniferous forests, ecosystem dynamics, fire frequency, fire intensity, fire size, fire management, fuel management, insects, landscape ecology, logging, national forests, pine forests, plant diseases, Pinus ponderosa, ponderosa pine, plant diseases, private lands, rate of spread, Douglas-fir, Pseudotsuga menziesii, regeneration, reproduction, Selway-Bitterroot Wilderness, shelterwood, size classes, smoke behavior, succession, topography, vegetation surveys, wildfires
To assess public attitudes and values regarding fires and fire management, a telephone survey was conducted of California residents. Most respondents were concerned about wildland and wilderness fires. The greatest percentage agreed that 'we probably have to let some fires burn…
Person:
Year: 2003
Type: Document
Source: FRAMES, TTRS
Topic(s): Economics, Emissions and Smoke, Fire Behavior, Fire Ecology, Fire Effects, Fire Prevention, Intelligence, Outreach, Regulations and Legislation, Social Science
Region(s): California
Keywords: fire management, public opinion, air quality, ecosystem dynamics, education, property damage, National Fire Plan, fire suppression, land use, Native Americans, public information, recreation, site treatments, statistical analysis, thinning, wilderness fire management, US Forest Service, wildfires
Numerical modeling of the behavior of fire and smoke within proposed building atria have revealed the possible presence of violent fire whirls or fire tornadoes induced by an inadvertent combination of ventilation and exhaust openings. Such fire vortexes can accelerate…
Person:
Year: 2003
Type: Document
Source: FRAMES
Topic(s): Emissions and Smoke, Fire Behavior, Models, Safety
Region(s): International
Keywords: physical modeling, CFD - Computational Fluid Dynamics, fire whirls, building atriums, HVAC
A recent letter [Fromm et al., 2000] postulated a link between boreal forest fire smoke and observed stratospheric aerosol enhancements in 1998. Therein a case was made that severe convection played a role in the cross-tropopause transport. A similar occurrence of stratospheric…
Person:
Year: 2003
Type: Document
Source: FRAMES
Topic(s): Emissions and Smoke, Weather
Region(s): International
Keywords: Canada, forest fire, convection, aerosol, troposphere-to-stratosphere transport (TST), supercell
Convection in the air above an intense fire in northern Australia has been studied, and the results are compared with those of an earlier investigation.At the height of the fire a short-lived condensation cloud, covering little more than 10% of the total fire area, rose to…
Person:
Year: 1973
Type: Document
Source: FRAMES, TTRS
Topic(s): Emissions and Smoke, Fire Behavior, Fuels, Prescribed Fire
Region(s): International
Keywords: convection, wind, Australia, bushfire, climatology, fire intensity, fuel appraisal, heat, Northern Territory of Australia, smoke behavior
Air velocity, temperature, and radiant-heat measurements within and around a large free-burning fire
Operation Euroka was a 210,000 square m (50 acres) free-burning mass fire experiment carried out in Queensland, Australia. At the peak of the fire, 42 min after ignition, the maximum average induced horizontal wind velocity at the edge of the fire was 4.2 m/see. The fire was of…
Person:
Year: 1973
Type: Document
Source: FRAMES, TTRS
Topic(s): Emissions and Smoke, Fire Behavior, Fire Effects, Models
Region(s): International
Keywords: fire intensity, convection plume, convective heat release, inflow, inflow wind, stationary fire, Acacia harpophylla, Australia, combustion, convection, energy, field experimental fires, fire models, fire size, gases, ignition, low intensity burns, Queensland, radiation, statistical analysis, temperature, wind
Biomass burning is a major source of many atmospheric trace gases and aerosol particles (Crutzen and Andreae 1990). These compounds and particulates affect public health, regional air quality, air chemistry, and global climate. It is difficult to assess quantitatively the impact…
Person:
Year: 2003
Type: Document
Source: FRAMES
Topic(s): Emissions and Smoke, Fire Behavior, Fuels
Region(s): Rocky Mountain
Keywords: fuel treatments, Hayman Fire, wildfire, biomass, Colorado, MODIS satellite
BlueSky, a National Fire Plan product, provides real-time predictions of surface smoke concentrations from prescribed fire, wildfire, and agricultural burn activities to aid land managers in burn/no-burn decisions. One critical component of BlueSky that remains to be addressed,…
Person:
Year: 2003
Type: Document
Source: FRAMES
Topic(s): Emissions and Smoke, Models, Planning
Region(s): Northwest
Keywords: air quality, BlueSky Modeling Framework, fire management, JFSP - Joint Fire Science Program, NAAQS - National Ambient Air Quality Standards, smoke concentration, smoke impacts, smoke modeling
A powerpoint presentation describing the advanced features of the First Order Fire Effects Model (FOFEM), version 5.0 computer program that covers the advanced use of soil heating and Burnup modules, batch mode and linking FOFEM to GIS.
Person:
Year: 2003
Type: Document
Source: FRAMES
Topic(s): Emissions and Smoke, Fire Effects, Fuels, Models, Planning
Region(s): Alaska, California, Eastern, Great Basin, Hawaii, Northern Rockies, Northwest, Rocky Mountain, Southern, Southwest, National
Keywords: FOFEM - First Order Fire Effects Model
A powerpoint presentation describing the basic use of the First Order Fire Effects Model (FOFEM), version 5.0 computer program covering background information, FOFEM modules, inputs and outputs, step-by-step exercises and saving FOFEM projects and output.
Person:
Year: 2003
Type: Document
Source: FRAMES
Topic(s): Emissions and Smoke, Fire Effects, Fuels, Models, Planning
Region(s): Alaska, California, Eastern, Great Basin, Hawaii, Northern Rockies, Northwest, Rocky Mountain, Southern, Southwest, National
Keywords: FOFEM - First Order Fire Effects Model