Type
Topic
Region
Year
Displaying 76 - 100 of 134
Vegetation fires produce biomass combustion residues, with color varying from dark black char to white mineral ash. The color-lightness of char and ash combustion residues is a qualitative parameter describing the post-fire condition of burned areas, and has been correlated with…
Person:
Year: 2010
Type: Document
Source: FRAMES, TTRS
Topic(s): Emissions and Smoke, Fire Behavior, Fire Effects, Prescribed Fire
Region(s): International
Keywords: biomass combustion, Australia, residues, air quality, ash, biomass, char, combustion, fire intensity, fire management, Northern Territory of Australia, particulates, research, smoke management, statistical analysis, wildfires
The chemical processes of gas phase combustion in wildland fires are complex and occur at length-scales that are not resolved in computational fluid dynamics (CFD) models of landscape-scale wildland fire. A new approach for modelling fire chemistry in HIGRAD/FIRETEC (a landscape…
Person:
Year: 2010
Type: Document
Source: FRAMES, TTRS
Topic(s): Emissions and Smoke, Fire Behavior, Fuels, Models
Region(s): Alaska, California, Eastern, Great Basin, Hawaii, Northern Rockies, Northwest, Rocky Mountain, Southern, Southwest, National
Keywords: FIRETEC, gas phase combustion, chaparral, combustion, chemistry, coniferous forests, fire intensity, fire management, fuel accumulation, fuel management, fuel types, gases, grass fire, grasses, pine, Pinus ponderosa, ponderosa pine, range management, rate of spread, statistical analysis, temperature, wildfires, wind
One of the objectives of the present study is to gain a deeper understanding of the heat transfer mechanisms that control the spread of wildfires. Five experimental fires were conducted in the field across plots of living vegetation. This study focused on characterizing heat…
Person:
Year: 2010
Type: Document
Source: FRAMES, TTRS
Topic(s): Emissions and Smoke, Fire Behavior, Fire Effects, Fuels
Region(s): International
Keywords: field experimental fires, heat transfer, Mediterranean, radiation, temperature, wildfire spread, air temperature, convection, distribution, experimental fire, fire intensity, fire management, flame length, forest management, France, fuel loading, fuel moisture, gases, heat, heat effects, heathlands, radiation, rate of spread, shrublands, sloping terrain, soil temperature, statistical analysis, vegetation surveys, wildfires, wind
Here we are again in a new year and it is time to reflect on our accomplishments and progress in 2009. Last year was marked with exciting advances in our science discovery, applications, and integration. Those advances were attained almost entirely with the aid of our partners…
Person:
Year: 2010
Type: Document
Source: FRAMES
Topic(s): Administration, Climate, Emissions and Smoke, Fire Behavior, Fire Ecology, Fire Effects, Fuels, Intelligence, Mapping, Models, Monitoring and Inventory, Outreach, Planning, Prescribed Fire, Restoration and Rehabilitation
Region(s): Great Basin, Northern Rockies, Rocky Mountain, Southwest
Keywords: Forest Service, research, Rocky Mountain Research Station
In central Mexico during the spring of 2007 we measured the initial emissions of 12 gases and the aerosol speciation for elemental and organic carbon (EC, OC), anhydrosugars, Cl-;, NO3-;, and 20 metals from 10 cooking fires, four garbage fires, three brick making kilns, three…
Person:
Year: 2010
Type: Document
Source: FRAMES
Topic(s): Emissions and Smoke, Prescribed Fire
Region(s): International
Keywords: Mexico, trace gas emissions, biofuel, garbage burning, particle emissions
This paper presents modeling methods for mapping fire hazard and fire risk using a research model called FIREHARM (FIRE Hazard and Risk Model) that computes common measures of fire behavior, fire danger, and fire effects to spatially portray fire hazard over space. FIREHARM can…
Person:
Year: 2010
Type: Document
Source: FRAMES, TTRS
Topic(s): Emissions and Smoke, Fire Behavior, Fire Effects, Fire Prevention, Fuels, Hazard and Risk, Mapping, Models, Monitoring and Inventory, Planning
Region(s): Alaska, California, Eastern, Great Basin, Hawaii, Northern Rockies, Northwest, Rocky Mountain, Southern, Southwest, National
Keywords: FIREHARM, fuel treatment prioritization, air quality, coniferous forests, crown fires, distribution, drought, fire danger rating, fire hazard reduction, fire intensity, fire management, flame length, forest management, fuel management, fuel moisture, GIS - geographic information system, grasslands, LANDFIRE, moisture, montane forests, mortality, overstory, rate of spread, riparian habitats, scorch, season of fire, shrublands, smoke management, soil temperature, watersheds
Current operational methods for predicting tree mortality from fire injury are regression-based models that only indirectly consider underlying causes and, thus, have limited generality. A better understanding of the physiological consequences of tree heating and injury are…
Person:
Year: 2010
Type: Document
Source: FRAMES
Topic(s): Emissions and Smoke, Fire Effects, Models
Region(s): Alaska, California, Eastern, Great Basin, Hawaii, Northern Rockies, Northwest, Rocky Mountain, Southern, Southwest, National
Keywords: tree mortality, crown scorch, fire plumes, cavitation, VPD - vapor pressure deficit
To help reduce the chance for high-severity fires in the western United States, thinning of the forest understory, midstory and overstory has become a necessity. In some cases, the resulting surface fuels are piled by hand and burned. As this two-part treatment method becomes…
Person:
Year: 2010
Type: Document
Source: FRAMES
Topic(s): Emissions and Smoke, Models, Prescribed Fire
Region(s): Alaska, California, Eastern, Great Basin, Hawaii, Northern Rockies, Northwest, Rocky Mountain, Southern, Southwest, National
Keywords: FERA - Fire and Environmental Research Applications Team, smoke impacts, smoke production, hand-pile biomass
The emissions from delivering and burning forest treatment residue biomass in a boiler for thermal energy were compared with onsite disposal by pile-burning and using fossil fuels for the equivalent energy. Using biomass for thermal energy reduced carbon dioxide emissions on…
Person:
Year: 2010
Type: Document
Source: FRAMES
Topic(s): Economics, Emissions and Smoke, Fuels
Region(s): Alaska, California, Eastern, Great Basin, Hawaii, Northern Rockies, Northwest, Rocky Mountain, Southern, Southwest, National
Keywords: carbon emissions, greenhouse gases, logging residue, bioenergy, biomass energy
Aerosol emissions from vegetation fires have a large impact on air quality and climate. In this study, we use published experimental data and different fitting procedures to derive dynamic particle number and mass emission factors (EFPN, EFPM) related to the fuel type, burning…
Person:
Year: 2010
Type: Document
Source: FRAMES
Topic(s): Emissions and Smoke, Fuels
Region(s): Alaska, California, Eastern, Great Basin, Hawaii, Northern Rockies, Northwest, Rocky Mountain, Southern, Southwest, National
Keywords: particle size, vegetation fires, emission factors, aerosol emissions
High frequency of agricultural fires is observed every year during the summer months over SW Russia and Eastern Europe. This study investigates the initial injection height of aerosol generated by the fires over these regions during the biomass burning season, which determines…
Person:
Year: 2010
Type: Document
Source: FRAMES
Topic(s): Emissions and Smoke, Models
Region(s): International
Keywords: Russia, agricultural fires, Eastern Europe, aerosol injection height, aerosol transport modeling
Wildland fire management is commonly regarded as both an 'art' and a 'science'. In this regard, The Forestry Chronicle, the official journal of the Canadian Institute of Forestry/Institut forestier du Canada, has made a major contribution to the field of wildland fire management…
Person:
Year: 2010
Type: Document
Source: FRAMES
Topic(s): Climate, Communications, Economics, Emissions and Smoke, Fire Behavior, Fire Ecology, Fire Effects, Fire Prevention, Planning
Region(s): International
Keywords: Canada, fire research, publications, wildland fire management, scientific research, The Forestry Chronicle
We quantified loading and consumption losses of 1-hour and 10-hour fuels on the forest floor and understory vegetation during 24 operational prescribed burns conducted in the Pinelands National Reserve of New Jersey. PM 2.5 emissions were calculated using published emission…
Person:
Year: 2010
Type: Document
Source: FRAMES
Topic(s): Emissions and Smoke, Fuels, Prescribed Fire
Region(s): Eastern
Keywords: air quality, fuel loading, PM2.5, available fuel, prescribed fire emissions, New Jersey, Pinelands National Reserve, wildfire emissions
Carbon sequestration by forested ecosystems offers a potential climate change mitigation benefit. However, wildfire has the potential to reverse this benefit. In the western United States, climate change and land management practices have led to increases in wildfire intensity…
Person:
Year: 2010
Type: Document
Source: FRAMES
Topic(s): Emissions and Smoke, Prescribed Fire
Region(s): California, Great Basin, Northern Rockies, Northwest, Rocky Mountain, Southwest
Keywords: carbon emissions, fire emissions, western United States
We used satellite-derived estimates of global fire emissions and a chemical transport model to estimate atmospheric nitrogen (N) fluxes from savanna and deforestation fires in tropical ecosystems. N emissions and reactive N deposition led to a net transport of N equatorward,…
Person:
Year: 2010
Type: Document
Source: FRAMES
Topic(s): Emissions and Smoke, Models
Region(s): International
Keywords: MODIS - Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer, biomass burning, atmospheric transport, global carbon cycle, nitrogen limitation, Hadley circulation, pyrodenitrification
As the size and severity of fires in the western U.S. continue to increase, it has become ever more important to understand carbon dynamics in response to fire. Many subalpine forests experience stand-replacing wildfires, and these fires and subsequent recovery can change the…
Person:
Year: 2010
Type: Document
Source: FRAMES
Topic(s): Climate, Emissions and Smoke
Region(s): Great Basin, Northern Rockies
Keywords: Yellowstone National Park, carbon cycle, stand replacing fire, coniferous forests
Researchers have explored the potential and limitations of using lidar, the remote sensing instrument, to provide information on smoke plume dynamics and optical properties. They used a scanning lidar in the smoke-polluted atmospheres near wildfires and prescribed fires to…
Person:
Year: 2010
Type: Document
Source: FRAMES
Topic(s): Emissions and Smoke, Mapping, Models
Region(s): Alaska, California, Eastern, Great Basin, Hawaii, Northern Rockies, Northwest, Rocky Mountain, Southern, Southwest, National
Keywords: LiDAR - Light Detection and Ranging, smoke plumes, smoke transport, air quality forecasting
Revision to regulations relating to the Clean Air Act requirement that Federal actions conform to the appropriate state, tribal, or federal implementation plan for attaining clean air.
Person:
Year: 2010
Type: Document
Source: FRAMES
Topic(s): Emissions and Smoke, Regulations and Legislation
Region(s): Alaska, California, Eastern, Great Basin, Hawaii, Northern Rockies, Northwest, Rocky Mountain, Southern, Southwest, National
Keywords: air quality, final rule, general conformity
Coarse woody debris in various states of decay is found in abundance in numerous forested ecosystems, serves a variety of ecosystem functions, and has the potential to affect air quality as it combusts. However, our understanding of the quantities of this debris consumed in…
Person:
Year: 2010
Type: Document
Source: FRAMES
Topic(s): Emissions and Smoke, Fire Behavior, Fire Effects, Fuels
Region(s): Northern Rockies, Northwest
Keywords: air quality, combustion, consumption, decomposition, FOFEM - First Order Fire Effects Model, northern Idaho, CWD - coarse woody debris, mixed conifer forest, decay class, wood quality, wood density, rotten wood, sound wood, CONSUME, lignin content, volumetric heat content
Evidence shows that smoke from fires (wildfire, controlled burning, and agricultural burning) is contributing significantly to fine particulate matter (PM2.5) and haze in many urban and rural areas, affecting health, visibility, and ecosystems. In addition to the primary…
Person:
Year: 2010
Type: Document
Source: FRAMES
Topic(s): Emissions and Smoke
Region(s): Alaska, California, Eastern, Great Basin, Hawaii, Northern Rockies, Northwest, Rocky Mountain, Southern, Southwest, National
Keywords: air quality, PM2.5, haze, PM - particulate matter
Management of smoke from prescribed fire activities is important. Consideration must be given to short-term effects of smoke on work crews and neighboring communities. This requires accurate real-time information for smoke forecasting. Tools have been created to help meet these…
Person:
Year: 2010
Type: Document
Source: FRAMES
Topic(s): Emissions and Smoke, Prescribed Fire
Region(s): Alaska, California, Eastern, Great Basin, Hawaii, Northern Rockies, Northwest, Rocky Mountain, Southern, Southwest, National
Keywords: air quality, smoke forecasting
Accurate information on regional particulate matter concentrations is essential to burn permitting and airshed management. Such information is essential to efforts to comply with National Ambient Air Quality Standards. The standard approach (as also applied by Malm: # 01-1-5-01…
Person:
Year: 2010
Type: Document
Source: FRAMES
Topic(s): Emissions and Smoke, Fire Effects, Models
Region(s): Northwest
Keywords: air quality, MODIS - Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer, fire detection, BlueSky Modeling Framework
Epidemiological studies of biomass smoke health effects have been conducted in a variety of settings and with a variety of study designs. The Health Effects Workgroup discussed several approaches for the investigation of health effects in communities exposed to wood smoke from…
Person:
Year: 2010
Type: Document
Source: FRAMES
Topic(s): Emissions and Smoke, Safety
Region(s): Alaska, California, Eastern, Great Basin, Hawaii, Northern Rockies, Northwest, Rocky Mountain, Southern, Southwest, International, National
Keywords: biomarkers, biomass, epidemiology, health effects, intervention analysis, smoke exposure, smoke management
On April 5, 2010, EPA finalized revisions to the 1993 General Conformity Rule. This 1993 rule was established to comply with the Clean Air Act (Section 176(C)(1)) requirements that federal actions must conform to a state, tribal, or federal implementation plan (SIP, TIP, or FIP…
Person:
Year: 2010
Type: Document
Source: FRAMES
Topic(s): Emissions and Smoke, Prescribed Fire, Regulations and Legislation
Region(s): Alaska, California, Eastern, Great Basin, Hawaii, Northern Rockies, Northwest, Rocky Mountain, Southern, Southwest, National
Keywords: EPA - Environmental Protection Agency, Clean Air Act, general conformity, wildfires, land management
Vegetation fires are a key global terrestrial disturbance factor and a major source of atmospheric trace gases and aerosols. Therefore, many earth-system science and operational monitoring applications require access to repetitive, frequent and well-characterized information on…
Person:
Year: 2010
Type: Document
Source: FRAMES
Topic(s): Emissions and Smoke
Region(s): Alaska, California, Eastern, Great Basin, Hawaii, Northern Rockies, Northwest, Rocky Mountain, Southern, Southwest, International, National
Keywords: Canada, remote sensing, cloud, GOES - Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellite, South America, FRP - Fire Radiative Power