The emissions from delivering and burning forest treatment residue biomass in a boiler for thermal energy were compared with onsite disposal by pile-burning and using fossil fuels for the equivalent energy. Using biomass for thermal energy reduced carbon dioxide emissions on average by 39 percent and particulate matter emissions by 89 percent for boilers with emission control. Over 21 units of bioenergy were produced for each unit of diesel energy used to collect, grind, and haul biomass. At prices in place at the time of the study, utilizing biomass was economically viable on 49 percent of the study area.