Type
Topic
Region
Year
Displaying 1 - 22 of 22
The post-harvest burning of agricultural fields is commonly used to dispose of crop residue and provide other desired services such as pest control. Despite careful regulation of burning, smoke plumes from field burning in the Pacific Northwest commonly degrade air quality,…
Person:
Year: 2007
Type: Document
Source: TTRS
Topic(s): Climate, Emissions and Smoke, Fuels, Models, Prescribed Fire
Region(s): Alaska, California, Eastern, Great Basin, Hawaii, Northern Rockies, Northwest, Rocky Mountain, Southern, Southwest, National
Keywords: agriculture, air quality, biomass, broadcast burning, cropland fires, croplands, fire management, fuel moisture, fuel types, hydrocarbons, Idaho, pest control, range management, season of fire, smoke behavior, smoke management, Washington, wind, CALPUFF, PM2.5, biomass burning, air quality model, ClearSky
Fire is one of the key disturbances affecting trembling aspen (Populus tremuloides Michx.) forest ecosystems within western Canadian wildlands, including Elk Island National Park in central Alberta, Canada. Although prescribed fire is a tool available to modify aspen forests, a…
Person:
Year: 2007
Type: Document
Source: TTRS
Topic(s): Emissions and Smoke, Fire Ecology, Fuels, Models, Prescribed Fire, Weather
Region(s): Alaska, California, Eastern, Great Basin, Hawaii, Northern Rockies, Northwest, Rocky Mountain, Southern, Southwest, International, National
Keywords: Alberta, Canada, combustion, coniferous forests, disturbance, droughts, duff, ecosystem dynamics, experimental fires, fire intensity, fire management, forest management, fuel moisture, ground fires, ignition, moisture, national parks, plant communities, plant growth, Populus, Populus tremuloides, rate of spread, sampling, smoke management, statistical analysis, wildfires, FWI - Canadian Forest Fire Weather Index System, ground fire, subsurface fire
A risk assessment framework was used to assess the risks of forest fire smoke (ffs) to the exposed communities, critical infrastructures and the environment. The present work is focused on the planning and problem formulation phases of this risk assessment procedure.…
Person:
Year: 2007
Type: Document
Source: TTRS
Topic(s): Emissions and Smoke, Fire Ecology, Hazard and Risk, Models, Safety
Region(s): Alaska, California, Eastern, Great Basin, Hawaii, Northern Rockies, Northwest, Rocky Mountain, Southern, Southwest, National
Keywords: air quality, chemical compounds, fire management, firefighting personnel, gases, hydrocarbons, particulates, smoke behavior, smoke effects, smoke management, statistical analysis, toxicity, wildfires, wind, forest fire smoke, data integration, field chemical data, risk assessment, firefighters
We describe emission-transmission measurements performed at different heights in a flame from a cylindrical forest fuel burner, using a camera operating in the thermal infrared (7.5-13 µm). The forest fuel burner was made of a cylindrical wire mesh basket filled with a forest…
Person:
Year: 2007
Type: Document
Source: TTRS
Topic(s): Emissions and Smoke, Fire Behavior, Fire Ecology, Fuels, Models
Region(s): Alaska, California, Eastern, Great Basin, Hawaii, Northern Rockies, Northwest, Rocky Mountain, Southern, Southwest, National
Keywords: combustion, fire management, flame length, fuel management, gases, heat, laboratory fires, needles, particulates, photography, Pinus pinaster, radiation, smoke management, soot, statistical analysis, temperature, wildfires, forest fires, IR thermography, radiation, soot
Historical evidence suggests that great wildfires burning in the Lake States and Canada can affect atmospheric conditions several hundred miles away (Smith 1950; Wexler 1950). Several 'dark' or 'yellow' days, as such events are commonly called, have been recorded, often with…
Person:
Year: 2007
Type: Document
Source: FRAMES, TTRS
Topic(s): Aquatic, Emissions and Smoke, Fire Behavior, Fire Ecology, Fire Effects, Fire History, Intelligence, Models
Region(s): Eastern
Keywords: fire scars, wildfires, New England, dendrochronology, fire case histories, drought, fire injuries (plants), fire management, Pinus resinosa, precipitation, smoke management, wildfires
The research and development (R&D) arm of the Forest Service, U. S. Department of Agriculture (USDA), with approximately 550 researchers in a range of biological, physical, and social science fields, seeks to better understand and describe the complex mechanisms at work in…
Person:
Year: 2007
Type: Document
Source: FRAMES
Topic(s): Administration, Climate, Emissions and Smoke, Fire Behavior, Fire Ecology, Fire Effects, Fire History, Fire Prevention, Fuels, Intelligence, Mapping, Models, Monitoring and Inventory, Outreach, Planning, Prescribed Fire, Restoration and Rehabilitation, Weather
Region(s): Alaska, California, Eastern, Great Basin, Hawaii, Northern Rockies, Northwest, Rocky Mountain, Southern, Southwest, National
Keywords: Forest Service, research, research accomplishment report
This conference was attended by nearly 450 Forest Service earth scientists representing hydrology, soil science, geology, and air. In addition to active members of the earth science professions, many retired scientists also attended and participated. These 60 peer-reviewed…
Person:
Year: 2007
Type: Document
Source: FRAMES
Topic(s): Climate, Communications, Emissions and Smoke, Fire Ecology, Fire Effects, Fuels, Intelligence, Mapping, Models, Outreach, Prescribed Fire, Restoration and Rehabilitation, Aquatic
Region(s): Alaska, California, Eastern, Great Basin, Hawaii, Northern Rockies, Northwest, Rocky Mountain, Southern, Southwest, National
Keywords: conferences, earth sciences
The Georgia Forestry Commission has developed an Internet-based, user friendly version of a USDA Forest Service smoke dispersion model called 'VSMOKE.' The program provides an easy to use method to quickly evaluate what areas will likely be impacted by smoke from a wild or…
Person:
Year: 2007
Type: Document
Source: FRAMES
Topic(s): Emissions and Smoke, Fire Effects, Models
Region(s): Alaska, California, Eastern, Great Basin, Hawaii, Northern Rockies, Northwest, Rocky Mountain, Southern, Southwest, National
Keywords: air quality, fire management, smoke dispersion, VSMOKE
Computational tools have been developed at the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) for modeling fire spread and smoke transport. These tools have been adapted to address fire scenarios that occur in the wildland urban interface (WUI) over kilometer-scale…
Person:
Year: 2007
Type: Document
Source: FRAMES
Topic(s): Emissions and Smoke, Fire Behavior, Fire Effects, Models, Wildland-Urban Interface (WUI)
Region(s): Alaska, California, Eastern, Great Basin, Hawaii, Northern Rockies, Northwest, Rocky Mountain, Southern, Southwest, National
Keywords: fire management, fire spread, smoke transport, Smokeview
An experimental method for determining the presence and the level of systematic distortions in lidar data is considered. The method has been developed on the basis of two years of field experiments with the Fire Sciences Laboratory elastic scanning lidar. The influence of…
Person:
Year: 2007
Type: Document
Source: FRAMES
Topic(s): Emissions and Smoke, Models
Region(s): Alaska, California, Eastern, Great Basin, Hawaii, Northern Rockies, Northwest, Rocky Mountain, Southern, Southwest, National
Keywords: LiDAR - Light Detection and Ranging, elastic scanning lidar, systematic distortions
A new method is considered that can be used for inverting data obtained from a combined elastic-inelastic lidar or a high spectral resolution lidar operating in a one-directional mode, or an elastic lidar operating in a multiangle mode. The particulate extinction coefficient is…
Person:
Year: 2007
Type: Document
Source: FRAMES
Topic(s): Emissions and Smoke, Models
Region(s): Alaska, California, Eastern, Great Basin, Hawaii, Northern Rockies, Northwest, Rocky Mountain, Southern, Southwest, National
Keywords: particulate extinction coefficient, elastic-inelastic lidar, high spectral resolution lidar
Fire scientists in the United States began exploring the relationships of fire-danger and hazard with weather, fuel moisture, and ignition probabilities as early as 1916. Many of the relationships identified then persist today in the form of our National Fire-Danger-Rating…
Person:
Year: 2007
Type: Document
Source: FRAMES, TTRS
Topic(s): Administration, Climate, Economics, Emissions and Smoke, Fire Behavior, Fire Prevention, Fuels, Hazard and Risk, Mapping, Models, Planning, Weather
Region(s): Alaska, California, Eastern, Great Basin, Hawaii, Northern Rockies, Northwest, Rocky Mountain, Southern, Southwest, National
Keywords: NFDRS - National Fire Danger Rating System, vegetation, United States, satellite-derived maps, Priest River Experiment Station, weather maps, climatology, coniferous forests, dead fuels, drought, duff, evolution, experimental areas, fire control, fire danger rating, fire hazard reduction, fire management, fire management planning, fuel moisture, GIS - geographic information system, Idaho, ignition, moisture, Pinus ponderosa, ponderosa pine, precipitation, rate of spread, sloping terrain, smoke effects, statistical analysis, succession, wind, woody fuels, wildfires
An improved measurement methodology and a data-processing technique for multiangle data obtained with an elastic scanning lidar in clear atmospheres are introduced. Azimuthal and slope scans are combined to reduce the atmospheric heterogeneity. Vertical profiles of optical depth…
Person:
Year: 2007
Type: Document
Source: FRAMES
Topic(s): Climate, Emissions and Smoke, Models
Region(s): Alaska, California, Eastern, Great Basin, Hawaii, Northern Rockies, Northwest, Rocky Mountain, Southern, Southwest, National
Keywords: LiDAR - Light Detection and Ranging, Kano-Hamilton, measurement methodology, multiangle data, azimuthal and slope scans
Whether the goal is to improve wildlife habitat, gauge the effects of prescribed burns or wildfire, or assess the unaccustomed conditions and hidden dangers of fallen trees in the aftermath of hurricanes, a suite of tools developed by the Fire and Environmental Research…
Person:
Year: 2007
Type: Document
Source: FRAMES
Topic(s): Emissions and Smoke, Fire Behavior, Fire Effects, Fuels, Hazard and Risk, Models, Monitoring and Inventory
Region(s): Alaska, California, Eastern, Great Basin, Hawaii, Northern Rockies, Northwest, Rocky Mountain, Southern, Southwest, National
Keywords: CONSUME, FCCS - Fuel Characteristic Classification System, fuel loading, Natural Fuels Photo Series, FERA - Fire and Environmental Research Applications Team, Digital Photo Series
We present an overview of the Fuel Characteristic Classification System (FCCS), a tool that enables land managers, regulators, and scientists to create and catalogue fuelbeds and to classify those fuelbeds for their capacity to support fire and consume fuels. The fuelbed…
Person:
Year: 2007
Type: Document
Source: FRAMES, TTRS
Topic(s): Emissions and Smoke, Fire Behavior, Fire Effects, Fire Prevention, Fuels, Hazard and Risk, Mapping, Models, Planning
Region(s): Alaska, California, Eastern, Great Basin, Hawaii, Northern Rockies, Northwest, Rocky Mountain, Southern, Southwest, National
Keywords: crown fires, FCCS - Fuel Characteristic Classification System, FERA - Fire and Environmental Research Applications Team, flaming combustion, residual combustion, smoldering combustion, fuelbeds, surface fire behavior, air quality, Artemisia spp., C - carbon, coniferous forests, duff, fire hazard, fire management, fire regimes, fire suppression, fuel management, fuel types, Juniperus occidentalis, land management, lichens, litter, mosses, national forests, overstory, Pinus contorta, Pinus ponderosa, ponderosa pine, shrubs, surface fires, wildfires, woody plants
Wildland fires are a major contributor of particulate matter and other pollutants to the atmosphere. The new EPA Clean Air Act and the Regional Haze Rule require quantifying accurately the emissions of PM2.5 and other pollutants from fires and their impacts on regional haze and…
Person:
Year: 2007
Type: Project
Source: FRAMES
Topic(s): Emissions and Smoke, Fire Behavior, Models
Region(s): Alaska, California, Eastern, Great Basin, Hawaii, Northern Rockies, Northwest, Rocky Mountain, Southern, Southwest, National
Keywords: air quality, FARSITE - Fire Area Simulator, HYSPLIT-CheM forecast model, forecasting, PM - particulate matter, smoke dispersion
Project Objectives For at least 5 different major classes of fuels typically involved in residual smoldering combustion (RSC) and two different moisture content conditions dispersed over at least 10 different sites. Four of these will be in the western USA, 3 in the southeast, 2…
Person:
Year: 2007
Type: Project
Source: FRAMES
Topic(s): Emissions and Smoke, Fire Behavior, Fire Effects, Fuels, Models
Region(s): Alaska, California, Eastern, Great Basin, Hawaii, Northern Rockies, Northwest, Rocky Mountain, Southern, Southwest, National
Keywords: fuel moisture, carbon release, PM - particulate matter, residual smoldering, fuel consumption
Presenting state-of-science information and discussion of broadly defined air pollution and forest fire issues. Among others, the following topics will be discussed: effects of forest fires on air quality in the remote and urban-wildland interface forests; effects of forest…
Person:
Year: 2007
Type: Project
Source: FRAMES
Topic(s): Climate, Emissions and Smoke, Fire Effects, Fire Occurrence, Models, Wildland-Urban Interface (WUI)
Region(s): Alaska, California, Eastern, Great Basin, Hawaii, Northern Rockies, Northwest, Rocky Mountain, Southern, Southwest, National
Keywords: air quality, air pollution, symposium
The Fire and Environmental Research Applications Team (PNW) completed a total of eight 3-day regional fuels workshops and six ½-day 'mini-workshops' that demonstrated the use of the Natural Fuels Photo Series, Digital Photo Series, Fuel Characteristic Classification System, and…
Person:
Year: 2007
Type: Document
Source: FRAMES
Topic(s): Emissions and Smoke, Fire Behavior, Fire Effects, Fuels, Models, Monitoring and Inventory, Outreach, Planning, Prescribed Fire
Region(s): Alaska, California, Eastern, Great Basin, Hawaii, Northern Rockies, Northwest, Rocky Mountain, Southern, Southwest, National
Keywords: FCCS - Fuel Characteristic Classification System, Natural Fuels Photo Series, training, Consume 3.0, FERA - Fire and Environmental Research Applications Team, workshops, Digital Photo Series
This document contains a description of the air quality forecasting system in operation at the Missoula Fire Science Laboratory. This air quality forecasting system has been steadily assimilating new techniques and algorithms as they have been developed over the past four years…
Person:
Year: 2007
Type: Document
Source: FRAMES
Topic(s): Emissions and Smoke, Models
Region(s): Alaska, California, Eastern, Great Basin, Hawaii, Northern Rockies, Northwest, Rocky Mountain, Southern, Southwest, National
Keywords: air quality, HYSPLIT-CheM forecast model, particulates, PM2.5
The present paper proposes an original approach to estimate gaseous and particulate emissions from boreal forest fires based on the Canadian Forest Fire Behaviour Prediction ( FBP) System. The FBP System permits calculation of fuel consumption and rate of spread for individual…
Person:
Year: 2007
Type: Document
Source: TTRS
Topic(s): Climate, Emissions and Smoke, Fire Behavior, Fire History, Fuels, Hazard and Risk, Intelligence, Models, Weather
Region(s): Alaska, California, Eastern, Great Basin, Hawaii, Northern Rockies, Northwest, Rocky Mountain, Southern, Southwest, International, National
Keywords: aerosols, air quality, boreal forests, Canada, C - carbon, distribution, fire case histories, fire danger rating, fire management, forest management, gases, greenhouse gases, headfires, organic matter, particulates, precipitation, Quebec, rate of spread, smoke management, statistical analysis, temperature, wildfires, air quality, black carbon, climate change, greenhouse gas, particulate matter
Wildland fire is a major disturbance in most ecosystems worldwide (Crutzen and Goldammer 1993). The interaction of fire with climate and vegetation over long time spans, often referred to as the fire regime (Agee 1993; Clark 1993; Swetnam and Baisan 1996; Swetnam 1997), has…
Person:
Year: 2007
Type: Document
Source: FRAMES
Topic(s): Climate, Emissions and Smoke, Fire Behavior, Fire Effects, Models
Region(s): Alaska, California, Eastern, Great Basin, Hawaii, Northern Rockies, Northwest, Rocky Mountain, Southern, Southwest, National
Keywords: C - carbon, fire regimes, climate change, spatial models, ecosystems, fire models, vegetation models