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Displaying 1 - 25 of 41
The Manual includes information on the organization's standard operating procedures, requirements, and guidelines regarding fire management. It also outlines the necessary steps for developing and maintaining a succesful fire management program. The Manual is a dynamic document…
Person:
Year: 2007
Type: Document
Source: TTRS
Topic(s): Administration, Climate, Economics, Emissions and Smoke, Fire Behavior, Fire Effects, Fire Prevention, Hazard and Risk, Logistics, Planning, Prescribed Fire, Safety, Weather
Region(s): Alaska, California, Eastern, Great Basin, Hawaii, Northern Rockies, Northwest, Rocky Mountain, Southern, Southwest, National
Keywords: catastrophic fires, conservation, fire equipment, fire exclusion, fire hazard reduction, fire management, fire regimes, fire suppression, firefighting personnel, health factors, liability, manuals, smoke behavior, smoke effects, smoke management, wildfires
The post-harvest burning of agricultural fields is commonly used to dispose of crop residue and provide other desired services such as pest control. Despite careful regulation of burning, smoke plumes from field burning in the Pacific Northwest commonly degrade air quality,…
Person:
Year: 2007
Type: Document
Source: TTRS
Topic(s): Climate, Emissions and Smoke, Fuels, Models, Prescribed Fire
Region(s): Alaska, California, Eastern, Great Basin, Hawaii, Northern Rockies, Northwest, Rocky Mountain, Southern, Southwest, National
Keywords: agriculture, air quality, biomass, broadcast burning, cropland fires, croplands, fire management, fuel moisture, fuel types, hydrocarbons, Idaho, pest control, range management, season of fire, smoke behavior, smoke management, Washington, wind, CALPUFF, PM2.5, biomass burning, air quality model, ClearSky
Vegetation fires emit a number of air pollutants, thus impacting air quality at local, regional and global scales. One such pollutant is the particulate matter (PM) that is known to trigger adverse health effects. In this study, the CALPUFF/CALMET/MM5 modeling system is employed…
Person:
Year: 2007
Type: Document
Source: TTRS
Topic(s): Communications, Emissions and Smoke, Fire Behavior, Fuels, Intelligence, Mapping, Monitoring and Inventory, Prescribed Fire, Weather
Region(s): Alaska, California, Eastern, Great Basin, Hawaii, Northern Rockies, Northwest, Rocky Mountain, Southern, Southwest, International, National
Keywords: agriculture, air quality, Arizona, Colorado, cropland fires, fire management, fire size, firing techniques, fuel loading, fuel moisture, Mexico, particulates, pollution, range management, rate of spread, remote sensing, wind, agricultural fire, PM - particulate matter, plume dispersion, CALPUFF, CALMET, MM5
Much of the public's attitude toward wildland fire as an important part of natural processes has been misguided, sometimes through programs perpetuating fear and misunderstanding of the vital role of fire in wildlands. Results presented here were part of a larger study that…
Person:
Year: 2007
Type: Document
Source: TTRS
Topic(s): Emissions and Smoke, Fire Ecology, Fuels, Hazard and Risk, Prescribed Fire
Region(s): Alaska, California, Eastern, Great Basin, Hawaii, Northern Rockies, Northwest, Rocky Mountain, Southern, Southwest, National
Keywords: education, fire hazard reduction, fire management, fuel management, land management, public information, rangelands, recreation, sampling, smoke management, Tennessee, thinning, wildfires, wildland fuels, wildlife
Pines (genus Pinus) form the dominant tree cover over large parts of the Northern Hemisphere. Human activities have affected the distribution, composition, and structure of pine forests for millennia. Different human-mediated factors have affected different pine species in…
Person:
Year: 2007
Type: Document
Source: TTRS
Topic(s): Climate, Emissions and Smoke, Fire Behavior, Fire Ecology, Fire History, Fire Prevention, Restoration and Rehabilitation
Region(s): Alaska, California, Eastern, Great Basin, Hawaii, Northern Rockies, Northwest, Rocky Mountain, Southern, Southwest, National
Keywords: agriculture, air quality, browse, conservation, cover, distribution, ecosystem dynamics, fire exclusion, fire management, fire regimes, fire suppression, forest management, grazing, logging, paleoecology, pine forests, pine, Pinus, pollution, wildfires, air pollution, biological invasions, conservation, land use
Fire is one of the key disturbances affecting trembling aspen (Populus tremuloides Michx.) forest ecosystems within western Canadian wildlands, including Elk Island National Park in central Alberta, Canada. Although prescribed fire is a tool available to modify aspen forests, a…
Person:
Year: 2007
Type: Document
Source: TTRS
Topic(s): Emissions and Smoke, Fire Ecology, Fuels, Models, Prescribed Fire, Weather
Region(s): Alaska, California, Eastern, Great Basin, Hawaii, Northern Rockies, Northwest, Rocky Mountain, Southern, Southwest, International, National
Keywords: Alberta, Canada, combustion, coniferous forests, disturbance, droughts, duff, ecosystem dynamics, experimental fires, fire intensity, fire management, forest management, fuel moisture, ground fires, ignition, moisture, national parks, plant communities, plant growth, Populus, Populus tremuloides, rate of spread, sampling, smoke management, statistical analysis, wildfires, FWI - Canadian Forest Fire Weather Index System, ground fire, subsurface fire
A risk assessment framework was used to assess the risks of forest fire smoke (ffs) to the exposed communities, critical infrastructures and the environment. The present work is focused on the planning and problem formulation phases of this risk assessment procedure.…
Person:
Year: 2007
Type: Document
Source: TTRS
Topic(s): Emissions and Smoke, Fire Ecology, Hazard and Risk, Models, Safety
Region(s): Alaska, California, Eastern, Great Basin, Hawaii, Northern Rockies, Northwest, Rocky Mountain, Southern, Southwest, National
Keywords: air quality, chemical compounds, fire management, firefighting personnel, gases, hydrocarbons, particulates, smoke behavior, smoke effects, smoke management, statistical analysis, toxicity, wildfires, wind, forest fire smoke, data integration, field chemical data, risk assessment, firefighters
We describe emission-transmission measurements performed at different heights in a flame from a cylindrical forest fuel burner, using a camera operating in the thermal infrared (7.5-13 µm). The forest fuel burner was made of a cylindrical wire mesh basket filled with a forest…
Person:
Year: 2007
Type: Document
Source: TTRS
Topic(s): Emissions and Smoke, Fire Behavior, Fire Ecology, Fuels, Models
Region(s): Alaska, California, Eastern, Great Basin, Hawaii, Northern Rockies, Northwest, Rocky Mountain, Southern, Southwest, National
Keywords: combustion, fire management, flame length, fuel management, gases, heat, laboratory fires, needles, particulates, photography, Pinus pinaster, radiation, smoke management, soot, statistical analysis, temperature, wildfires, forest fires, IR thermography, radiation, soot
Notable warming trends have been observed in the Arctic. Although increased human-induced emissions of long-lived greenhouse gases are certainly the main driving factor, air pollutants, such as aerosols and ozone, are also important. Air pollutants are transported to the Arctic…
Person:
Year: 2007
Type: Document
Source: TTRS
Topic(s): Climate, Emissions and Smoke, Fire Behavior, Fuels
Region(s): Alaska, California, Eastern, Great Basin, Hawaii, Northern Rockies, Northwest, Rocky Mountain, Southern, Southwest, National
Keywords: aerosols, air quality, Arctic, boreal forests, convection, elevation, gases, climate change, greenhouse gases, organic matter, ozone, particulates, pollution, radiation, season of fire, soot, wildfires
More and more people are making their homes in woodland settings in or near forests, rural areas, or remote mountain sites - areas in which wildfires are more likely to occur. Wildfires often begin unnoticed. They spread quickly, igniting brush, trees, and homes. CDC recommends…
Person:
Year: 2007
Type: Media
Source: FRAMES
Topic(s): Emissions and Smoke, Fire Effects, Fire Prevention, Wildland-Urban Interface (WUI)
Region(s): Alaska, California, Eastern, Great Basin, Hawaii, Northern Rockies, Northwest, Rocky Mountain, Southern, Southwest, National
Keywords: podcast
The Working Group III contribution to the IPCC Fourth Assessment Report (AR4) focuses on new literature on the scientific, technological, environmental, economic and social aspects of mitigation of climate change, published since the IPCC Third Assessment Report (TAR) and the…
Person:
Year: 2007
Type: Document
Source: FRAMES
Topic(s): Climate, Emissions and Smoke, Fire Effects
Region(s): Alaska, California, Eastern, Great Basin, Hawaii, Northern Rockies, Northwest, Rocky Mountain, Southern, Southwest, International, National
Keywords: climate change, mitigation, greenhouse gas, policy
This action finalizes a rule to govern the review and handling of air quality monitoring data influenced by exceptional events. Exceptional events are events for which the normal planning and regulatory process established by the Clean Air Act (CAA) is not appropriate. In this…
Person:
Year: 2007
Type: Document
Source: FRAMES
Topic(s): Emissions and Smoke, Prescribed Fire
Region(s): Alaska, California, Eastern, Great Basin, Hawaii, Northern Rockies, Northwest, Rocky Mountain, Southern, Southwest, National
Keywords: air quality, PM2.5, air pollution, Clean Air Act, PM10, wildland fires
The research and development (R&D) arm of the Forest Service, U. S. Department of Agriculture (USDA), with approximately 550 researchers in a range of biological, physical, and social science fields, seeks to better understand and describe the complex mechanisms at work in…
Person:
Year: 2007
Type: Document
Source: FRAMES
Topic(s): Administration, Climate, Emissions and Smoke, Fire Behavior, Fire Ecology, Fire Effects, Fire History, Fire Prevention, Fuels, Intelligence, Mapping, Models, Monitoring and Inventory, Outreach, Planning, Prescribed Fire, Restoration and Rehabilitation, Weather
Region(s): Alaska, California, Eastern, Great Basin, Hawaii, Northern Rockies, Northwest, Rocky Mountain, Southern, Southwest, National
Keywords: Forest Service, research, research accomplishment report
This conference was attended by nearly 450 Forest Service earth scientists representing hydrology, soil science, geology, and air. In addition to active members of the earth science professions, many retired scientists also attended and participated. These 60 peer-reviewed…
Person:
Year: 2007
Type: Document
Source: FRAMES
Topic(s): Climate, Communications, Emissions and Smoke, Fire Ecology, Fire Effects, Fuels, Intelligence, Mapping, Models, Outreach, Prescribed Fire, Restoration and Rehabilitation, Aquatic
Region(s): Alaska, California, Eastern, Great Basin, Hawaii, Northern Rockies, Northwest, Rocky Mountain, Southern, Southwest, National
Keywords: conferences, earth sciences
The International Association of Wildland Fire sponsored the second Fire Behavior and Fuels conference in Destin, Florida. The conference theme was 'Fire Environment--Innovations, Management, and Policy.' Over 450 attendees participated in presentations on the latest innovations…
Person:
Year: 2007
Type: Document
Source: FRAMES
Topic(s): Administration, Communications, Emissions and Smoke, Fire Ecology, Fuels, Intelligence, Outreach, Planning, Regulations and Legislation, Wildland-Urban Interface (WUI)
Region(s): Alaska, California, Eastern, Great Basin, Hawaii, Northern Rockies, Northwest, Rocky Mountain, Southern, Southwest, National
Keywords: JFSP - Joint Fire Science Program, policy, science, wildland fire management, IAWF - International Association of Wildland Fire
Fires emit significant amounts of CO2 to the atmosphere. These emissions, however, are highly variable in both space and time. Additionally, CO2 emissions estimates from fires are very uncertain. The combination of high spatial and temporal variability and substantial…
Person:
Year: 2007
Type: Document
Source: FRAMES
Topic(s): Emissions and Smoke, Regulations and Legislation
Region(s): Alaska, California, Eastern, Great Basin, Hawaii, Northern Rockies, Northwest, Rocky Mountain, Southern, Southwest, National
Keywords: carbon flux, carbon dioxide emissions, fire emissions, NPP - net primary production
The Georgia Forestry Commission has developed an Internet-based, user friendly version of a USDA Forest Service smoke dispersion model called 'VSMOKE.' The program provides an easy to use method to quickly evaluate what areas will likely be impacted by smoke from a wild or…
Person:
Year: 2007
Type: Document
Source: FRAMES
Topic(s): Emissions and Smoke, Fire Effects, Models
Region(s): Alaska, California, Eastern, Great Basin, Hawaii, Northern Rockies, Northwest, Rocky Mountain, Southern, Southwest, National
Keywords: air quality, fire management, smoke dispersion, VSMOKE
Computational tools have been developed at the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) for modeling fire spread and smoke transport. These tools have been adapted to address fire scenarios that occur in the wildland urban interface (WUI) over kilometer-scale…
Person:
Year: 2007
Type: Document
Source: FRAMES
Topic(s): Emissions and Smoke, Fire Behavior, Fire Effects, Models, Wildland-Urban Interface (WUI)
Region(s): Alaska, California, Eastern, Great Basin, Hawaii, Northern Rockies, Northwest, Rocky Mountain, Southern, Southwest, National
Keywords: fire management, fire spread, smoke transport, Smokeview
The Regional Haze rule addresses visibility impairment in 156 Federal Class I areas. The goal of the rule is to remove all anthropogenic air pollution from the National Parks and Wilderness areas. Determining natural visibility conditions is an interesting and complicated…
Person:
Year: 2007
Type: Document
Source: FRAMES
Topic(s): Emissions and Smoke, Fire Effects
Region(s): Alaska, California, Eastern, Great Basin, Hawaii, Northern Rockies, Northwest, Rocky Mountain, Southern, Southwest, National
Keywords: fire management, visibility, Regional Haze Rule
An experimental method for determining the presence and the level of systematic distortions in lidar data is considered. The method has been developed on the basis of two years of field experiments with the Fire Sciences Laboratory elastic scanning lidar. The influence of…
Person:
Year: 2007
Type: Document
Source: FRAMES
Topic(s): Emissions and Smoke, Models
Region(s): Alaska, California, Eastern, Great Basin, Hawaii, Northern Rockies, Northwest, Rocky Mountain, Southern, Southwest, National
Keywords: LiDAR - Light Detection and Ranging, elastic scanning lidar, systematic distortions
A new method is considered that can be used for inverting data obtained from a combined elastic-inelastic lidar or a high spectral resolution lidar operating in a one-directional mode, or an elastic lidar operating in a multiangle mode. The particulate extinction coefficient is…
Person:
Year: 2007
Type: Document
Source: FRAMES
Topic(s): Emissions and Smoke, Models
Region(s): Alaska, California, Eastern, Great Basin, Hawaii, Northern Rockies, Northwest, Rocky Mountain, Southern, Southwest, National
Keywords: particulate extinction coefficient, elastic-inelastic lidar, high spectral resolution lidar
Fire scientists in the United States began exploring the relationships of fire-danger and hazard with weather, fuel moisture, and ignition probabilities as early as 1916. Many of the relationships identified then persist today in the form of our National Fire-Danger-Rating…
Person:
Year: 2007
Type: Document
Source: FRAMES, TTRS
Topic(s): Administration, Climate, Economics, Emissions and Smoke, Fire Behavior, Fire Prevention, Fuels, Hazard and Risk, Mapping, Models, Planning, Weather
Region(s): Alaska, California, Eastern, Great Basin, Hawaii, Northern Rockies, Northwest, Rocky Mountain, Southern, Southwest, National
Keywords: NFDRS - National Fire Danger Rating System, vegetation, United States, satellite-derived maps, Priest River Experiment Station, weather maps, climatology, coniferous forests, dead fuels, drought, duff, evolution, experimental areas, fire control, fire danger rating, fire hazard reduction, fire management, fire management planning, fuel moisture, GIS - geographic information system, Idaho, ignition, moisture, Pinus ponderosa, ponderosa pine, precipitation, rate of spread, sloping terrain, smoke effects, statistical analysis, succession, wind, woody fuels, wildfires
An improved measurement methodology and a data-processing technique for multiangle data obtained with an elastic scanning lidar in clear atmospheres are introduced. Azimuthal and slope scans are combined to reduce the atmospheric heterogeneity. Vertical profiles of optical depth…
Person:
Year: 2007
Type: Document
Source: FRAMES
Topic(s): Climate, Emissions and Smoke, Models
Region(s): Alaska, California, Eastern, Great Basin, Hawaii, Northern Rockies, Northwest, Rocky Mountain, Southern, Southwest, National
Keywords: LiDAR - Light Detection and Ranging, Kano-Hamilton, measurement methodology, multiangle data, azimuthal and slope scans
Whether the goal is to improve wildlife habitat, gauge the effects of prescribed burns or wildfire, or assess the unaccustomed conditions and hidden dangers of fallen trees in the aftermath of hurricanes, a suite of tools developed by the Fire and Environmental Research…
Person:
Year: 2007
Type: Document
Source: FRAMES
Topic(s): Emissions and Smoke, Fire Behavior, Fire Effects, Fuels, Hazard and Risk, Models, Monitoring and Inventory
Region(s): Alaska, California, Eastern, Great Basin, Hawaii, Northern Rockies, Northwest, Rocky Mountain, Southern, Southwest, National
Keywords: CONSUME, FCCS - Fuel Characteristic Classification System, fuel loading, Natural Fuels Photo Series, FERA - Fire and Environmental Research Applications Team, Digital Photo Series
An analysis of the spatial and temporal patterns of global burned area with the Daily Tile US National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration-Advanced Very High-Resolution Radiometer Pathfinder 8 km Land dataset between 1981 and 2000 is presented. Nine distinct temporal and…
Person:
Year: 2007
Type: Document
Source: FRAMES, TTRS
Topic(s): Communications, Emissions and Smoke, Fire Occurrence, Intelligence, Mapping, Monitoring and Inventory
Region(s): Alaska, California, Eastern, Great Basin, Hawaii, Northern Rockies, Northwest, Rocky Mountain, Southern, Southwest, International, National
Keywords: fire frequency, burned area, NOAA-AVHRR, principal components analysis, fire patterns, temporal trends, air quality, Asia, biomass, Central America, cover, croplands, deciduous forests, fire management, fire size, grasslands, remote sensing, savannas, season of fire, statistical analysis