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Displaying 126 - 150 of 282

Australian wildfire smoke in the stratosphere: the decay phase in 2020/2021 and impact on ozone depletion

Record-breaking wildfires raged in southeastern Australia in late December 2019 and early January 2020. Rather strong pyrocumulonimbus (pyroCb) convection developed over the fire areas and lofted enormous amounts of biomass burning smoke into the tropopause region and caused the…
Person:
Year: 2022
Type: Document
Source: FRAMES
Topic(s): Emissions and Smoke
Region(s): International
Keywords: Australia, wildfires, ozone depletion, pyroCb, pyrocumulonimbus, AOT - aerosol optical thickness

Characteristics and evolution of brown carbon in western United States wildfires

Brown carbon (BrC) associated with aerosol particles in western United States wildfires was measured between July and August 2019 aboard the NASA DC-8 research aircraft during the Fire Influence on Regional to Global Environments and Air Quality (FIREX-AQ) study. Two BrC…
Person:
Year: 2022
Type: Document
Source: FRAMES
Topic(s): Emissions and Smoke, Monitoring and Inventory
Region(s): California, Great Basin, Northern Rockies, Northwest, Rocky Mountain, Southwest
Keywords: wildfires, air quality, brown carbon, PAS - Photoacoustic Aerosol Absorption Spectrometer, aerosol, FIREX‐AQ - Fire Influence on Regional to Global Environments and Air Quality

Examination of brown carbon absorption from wildfires in the western U.S. during the WE-CAN study

Abstract. Light absorbing organic carbon, or brown carbon (BrC), can be a significant contributor to the visible light absorption budget. However, the sources of BrC and the contributions of BrC to light absorption are not well understood. Biomass burning is thought to be a…
Person:
Year: 2022
Type: Document
Source: FRAMES
Topic(s): Emissions and Smoke, Monitoring and Inventory
Region(s): California, Great Basin, Northern Rockies, Northwest, Rocky Mountain, Southwest
Keywords: C - carbon, brown carbon, organic carbon, WE-CAN - Western Wildfire Experiment for Cloud Chemistry, Aerosol Absorption, and Nitrogen, carbon absorbtion, wildfires, PILS - Particle-into-Liquid Sampler, PAS - Photoacoustic Aerosol Absorption Spectrometer

Trace gas emissions from laboratory combustion of leaves typically consumed in forest fires in southwest China

Forest fires are becoming increasingly severe and frequent due to global climate change. Trace gases emitted from forest fires significantly affect atmospheric chemistry and climate change on a regional and global scale. Forest fires occur frequently in Southwest China, but…
Person:
Year: 2022
Type: Document
Source: FRAMES
Topic(s): Emissions and Smoke, Fire Effects, Fuels
Region(s): International
Keywords: China, forest fires, trace gases, emission factors, combustion stage

Can prescribed fires mitigate health harm? A review of air quality and public health implications of wildfire and prescribed fire

[From the Report Summary] Background: The American Lung Association commissioned a report, written by PSE Healthy Energy, to answer the question: What does the current research say about the potential of prescribed fire to mitigate the increasing health and air quality risks…
Person:
Year: 2022
Type: Document
Source: FRAMES
Topic(s): Emissions and Smoke, Fire Effects, Hazard and Risk, Prescribed Fire, Safety, Wildland-Urban Interface (WUI)
Region(s): Alaska, California, Eastern, Great Basin, Hawaii, Northern Rockies, Northwest, Rocky Mountain, Southern, Southwest, International, National
Keywords: health risk, wildfire smoke, air quality risk, catastrophic wildfire, lung health, harmful smoke exposure

Webinar - Briefing for Partners on American Lung Association Report on Wildfires and Prescribed Burning

The American Lung Association recently released a report titled "Can Prescribed Fire Mitigate Health Harm? A Review of Air Quality and Public Health Implications of Wildfire and Prescribed Fire." This report, commissioned by the American Lung Association and written by PSE…
Person:
Year: 2022
Type: Media
Source: FRAMES
Topic(s): Emissions and Smoke, Fire Effects, Hazard and Risk, Prescribed Fire, Safety, Wildland-Urban Interface (WUI)
Region(s): Alaska, California, Eastern, Great Basin, Hawaii, Northern Rockies, Northwest, Rocky Mountain, Southern, Southwest, International, National
Keywords: health risk, air quality risk, catastrophic wildfire, lung health, wildfire smoke exposure, harmful smoke exposure

A perspective on pediatric respiratory outcomes during California wildfires due to smoke and PM2.5 exposure

As wildfires increase in prevalence and intensity across California and globally, it is anticipated that more children will be exposed to wildfire smoke, and thus face associated adverse health outcomes. Here, we provide a concise summary of the respiratory effects of California…
Person:
Year: 2022
Type: Document
Source: FRAMES
Topic(s): Emissions and Smoke, Safety
Region(s): California
Keywords: pediatric, healthcare, PM - particulate matter, PM2.5, respiratory effects, respiratory health, wildfires, smoke exposure, AQI - Air Quality Index

Oregon wildfire smoke communications and impacts: an evaluation of the 2020 wildfire season

Oregon Health Authority and the University of Oregon partnered to conduct a survey-based evaluation of wildfire smoke communications and impacts experienced by Oregon residents during the 2020 wildfire season. The purpose of this survey was to (1) understand how Oregonians…
Person:
Year: 2022
Type: Document
Source: FRAMES
Topic(s): Communications, Emissions and Smoke, Fire Occurrence, Social Science
Region(s): Northwest
Keywords: 2020 fire season, Oregon, survey, wildfire smoke exposure, public health, preparedness, smoke event

Characterizing firefighter's exposure to over 130 SVOCs using silicone wristbands: a pilot study comparing on-duty and off-duty exposures

Firefighters are occupationally exposed to an array of hazardous chemicals, and these exposures have been linked to the higher rates of some cancer in firefighters. However, additional research that characterizes firefighters' exposure is needed to fully elucidate the impacts on…
Person:
Year: 2022
Type: Document
Source: FRAMES
Topic(s): Emissions and Smoke, Monitoring and Inventory, Safety
Region(s): Southern
Keywords: firefighter, wristband, PAH - polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, exposure, on-duty, polyfluoroalkyl substances, polybrominated diphenyl ethers, SVOC - semi-volatile organic compounds

Health risk implications of volatile organic compounds in wildfire smoke during the 2019 FIREX-AQ campaign and beyond

Fire Influence on Regional to Global Environments and Air Quality (FIREX-AQ) was a NOAA/NASA collaborative campaign conducted during the summer of 2019. The objectives included identifying and quantifying wildfire composition, smoke evolution, and climate and health impacts of…
Person:
Year: 2022
Type: Document
Source: FRAMES
Topic(s): Emissions and Smoke, Safety
Region(s): Great Basin, Northern Rockies, Northwest
Keywords: Idaho, Washington, wildfire, VOC - volatile organic compounds, benzene, health risk, FIREX‐AQ - Fire Influence on Regional to Global Environments and Air Quality

Network of low-cost air quality sensors for monitoring indoor, outdoor, and personal PM2.5 exposure in Seattle during the 2020 wildfire season

The increased frequency of wildfires in the Western United States has raised public awareness of the impact of wildfire smoke on air quality and human health. Exposure to wildfire smoke has been linked to an increased risk of cancer and cardiorespiratory morbidity. Evidence-…
Person:
Year: 2022
Type: Document
Source: FRAMES
Topic(s): Emissions and Smoke, Fire Effects
Region(s): Northwest
Keywords: Seattle, Washington, PM2.5, air quality, human health

Air pollution and health outcomes: evidence from Black Saturday bushfires in Australia

This paper presents new evidence of the causal effect of air pollution on Australian health outcomes, using the Black Saturday bushfires (BSB) in 2009 as a natural experiment. This event was one of the largest bushfires in Australian history and emitted approximately four…
Person:
Year: 2022
Type: Document
Source: FRAMES
Topic(s): Emissions and Smoke, Fire Effects
Region(s): International
Keywords: Australia, air pollution, Black Saturday Bushfire, public health, CO2 - carbon dioxide, health impacts

Outdoor and indoor fine particulate matter at skilled nursing facilities in the western United States during wildfire and non-wildfire seasons

Wildfire activity is increasing in parts of the world where extreme drought and warming temperatures contribute to fireprone conditions, including the western United States. The elderly are among the most vulnerable, and those in long-term care with preexisting conditions have…
Person:
Year: 2022
Type: Document
Source: FRAMES
Topic(s): Emissions and Smoke, Safety
Region(s): California, Great Basin, Northern Rockies, Northwest, Rocky Mountain, Southwest
Keywords: elder health, human health, indoor air quality, long-term care, PM2.5, PM - particulate matter, wildfire, smoke exposure

Precipitable water vapour (PWV) variations as observed using GPS during 2021 forest fires in Southwestern Turkey

Devastating forest fires occurred in the southwestern part of Turkey in summer 2021. Besides the fire itself, air quality standards also drastically dropped. Mugla and Antalya were affected the most by the forest fires. Also, precipitable water vapour (PWV) values show different…
Person:
Year: 2022
Type: Document
Source: FRAMES
Topic(s): Emissions and Smoke, Fire Behavior, Fire Effects, Mapping, Monitoring and Inventory
Region(s): International
Keywords: Turkey, GPS - global positioning system, PWV - precipitable water vapor, PM - particulate matter, PM10, forest fires, air quality

'Breathing Fire': Impact of prolonged bushfire smoke exposure in people with severe asthma

Wildfires are increasing and cause health effects. The immediate and ongoing health impacts of prolonged wildfire smoke exposure in severe asthma are unknown. This longitudinal study examined the experiences and health impacts of prolonged wildfire (bushfire) smoke exposure in…
Person:
Year: 2022
Type: Document
Source: FRAMES
Topic(s): Emissions and Smoke, Fire Effects
Region(s): International
Keywords: Australia, asthma, PM - particulate matter, bushfire smoke, health impacts

Effects of wildfire smoke exposure on innate immunity, metabolism, and milk production in lactating dairy cows

Wildfires are particularly prevalent in the Western United States, home to more than 2 million dairy cows that produce more than 25% of the nation's milk. Wildfires emit fine particulate matter (PM2.5) in smoke, which is a known air toxin and is thought to contribute to…
Person:
Year: 2022
Type: Document
Source: FRAMES
Topic(s): Emissions and Smoke, Fire Effects
Region(s): Great Basin
Keywords: Idaho, air quality, PM - particulate matter, hematological, cows, PM2.5

Dynamics of pollutant emissions from wildfires in mainland China

We analyzed the dynamics of pollutant emissions from wildfires in mainland China from 2001 to 2019 using MODIS fire products combined with the measurements of emission factors of different vegetation types. The biomass distribution in Mainland China has heterogeneous temporal…
Person:
Year: 2022
Type: Document
Source: FRAMES
Topic(s): Emissions and Smoke, Fire Effects
Region(s): International
Keywords: China, wildfires, emission factors, pollutant, Modis Imagery, MODIS - Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer

Performance evaluation of activated carbon sorbents for indoor air purification during normal and wildfire events

Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) are a significant class of indoor air pollutants and are known for their adverse effects on health. A common strategy to reduce indoor VOC levels is to use sorbents, including activated carbons (ACs). The amount of activated carbon is critical…
Person:
Year: 2022
Type: Document
Source: FRAMES
Topic(s): Emissions and Smoke, Models, Safety
Region(s): Alaska, California, Eastern, Great Basin, Hawaii, Northern Rockies, Northwest, Rocky Mountain, Southern, Southwest, National
Keywords: indoor air purification, VOC - volatile organic compounds, activated carbon, wildfires, air pollutants, human health

Forest fragmentation and fires in the eastern Brazilian Amazon - Maranhão State, Brazil

Tropical forests provide essential environmental services to human well-being. In the world, Brazil has the largest continuous area of these forests. However, in the state of Maranhão, in the eastern Amazon, only 24% of the original forest cover remains. We integrated and…
Person:
Year: 2022
Type: Document
Source: FRAMES
Topic(s): Emissions and Smoke, Fire Effects
Region(s): International
Keywords: Brazil, deforestation, climate change, carbon emissions, land conversion, Amazon, forest fragmentation, forest cover

NOx and O3 trends at U.S. non-attainment areas for 1995-2020: influence of COVID-19 reductions and wildland fires on policy-relevant concentrations

We analyzed NO2 and O3 data from 32 U.S. non-attainment areas (NAAs) for 1995–2020. Since 1995, all regions have shown steady reductions in NO2 and the weekend-weekday pattern indicates that the O3 production regime in most NAAs has transitioned to a NOx-limited regime, while a…
Person:
Year: 2022
Type: Document
Source: FRAMES
Topic(s): Emissions and Smoke, Fire Effects, Monitoring and Inventory
Region(s): California, Eastern, Great Basin, Northern Rockies, Northwest, Rocky Mountain, Southern, Southwest
Keywords: O3 - ozone, NO - nitrogen oxide, NOx, wildfires, COVID-19, air quality, non-attainment area

Gestational exposure to landscape fire increases under-5 child death via reducing birthweight: a risk assessment based on mediation analysis in low- and middle-income countries

Background Exposure to landscape fire smoke (LFS) is linked to child mortality and birthweight. It is unknown whether gestational exposure to LFS affects child survival rate. We aimed to link under-five death (U5D) to gestational LFS exposure by performing a causal mediation…
Person:
Year: 2022
Type: Document
Source: FRAMES
Topic(s): Emissions and Smoke, Hazard and Risk, Safety
Region(s): International
Keywords: landscape fire, children, human health, birthweight, risk assessment, mediation analysis, low- and middle-income countries, PM2.5, PM - particulate matter, gestational exposure

Southern Ocean phytoplankton stimulated by wildfire emissions and sustained by iron recycling

Large ash plumes emitted by the 2019–2020 Australian wildfires were associated with a widespread phytoplankton bloom in the iron-limited Pacific sector of the Southern Ocean. In this study, we used satellite observations and aerosol reanalysis products to study the regional…
Person:
Year: 2022
Type: Document
Source: FRAMES
Topic(s): Emissions and Smoke, Fire Ecology, Fire Effects
Region(s): International
Keywords: phytoplankton, aerosols, wildfires, remote sensing, nutrient cycling, iron, fertilization, Southern Ocean, 2019/2020 Australian wildfires

Carbon dioxide and particulate emissions from the 2013 Tasmanian firestorm: implications for Australian carbon accounting

Uncontrolled wildfires in Australian temperate Eucalyptus forests produce significant smoke emissions, particularly carbon dioxide (CO2) and particulates. Emissions from fires in these ecosystems, however, have received less research attention than the fires in North American…
Person:
Year: 2022
Type: Document
Source: FRAMES
Topic(s): Emissions and Smoke, Mapping
Region(s): International
Keywords: wildfire, Australia, PM - particulate matter, pyroCb, eucalyptus, GFED - Global Fire Emissions Database, FullCAM, CO2 - carbon dioxide, PM2.5, fire severity

Smoke pollution must be part of the savanna fire management equation: a case study from Darwin, Australia

Savanna fire management is a topic of global debate, with early dry season burning promoted as a large-scale emissions reduction opportunity. To date, discussions have centred on carbon abatement efficacy, biodiversity and cultural benefits and/or risks. Here we use a case study…
Person:
Year: 2022
Type: Document
Source: FRAMES
Topic(s): Emissions and Smoke, Safety
Region(s): International
Keywords: carbon abatement, savanna fire, northern Australia, PM - particulate matter, air pollution, air quality, tropical savannas, PM2.5

PM2.5 air pollution prediction through deep learning using multisource meteorological, wildfire, and heat data

Air pollution is a lethal global threat. To mitigate the effects of air pollution, we must first understand it, find its patterns and correlations, and predict it in advance. Air pollution is highly dependent on spatial and temporal correlations of prior meteorological, wildfire…
Person:
Year: 2022
Type: Document
Source: FRAMES
Topic(s): Emissions and Smoke, Models, Safety, Weather
Region(s): California
Keywords: air pollution, prediction, spatiotemporal modelling, LSTM - long short-term memory, deep convolutional neural network model, PM2.5, PM - particulate matter, remote sensing, satellite imagery, wildfire, heat data, meteorological data, MODIS - Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer, TROPOMI - TROPOspheric Monitoring Instrument