Type
Topic
Region
Year
Displaying 1 - 20 of 20
Microscopic charcoal fragments preserved in lake and swamp sediments with pollen and other microfossils provide evidence for past burning regimes. Some problems with the interpretation of charcoal records are similar to those of pollen analysis, but other factors must be taken…
Person:
Year: 1982
Type: Document
Source: TTRS
Topic(s): Aquatic, Climate, Fire History, Emissions and Smoke
Region(s): International
Keywords: aborigines, Australia, charcoal, fire regimes, histories, lakes, paleoclimatology, pollen, sampling, swamps, water
The purpose of this report is to make an environmental evaluation of prescribed burning and its alternatives, and relate to the economic considerations in the southern Region of the U.S. Forest Service.
Person:
Year: 1982
Type: Document
Source: TTRS
Topic(s): Economics, Emissions and Smoke, Fire Behavior, Fire Ecology, Fire History, Fire Prevention, Fuels, Intelligence, Outreach, Prescribed Fire, Social Science, Economics, Fire Ecology, Hazard and Risk
Region(s): Southern, International
Keywords: aesthetics, air quality, amphibians, Andropogon, Appalachian Mountains, Aristida stricta, arthropods, Cercyonis pegala, Danuas plexippus, earthworms, education, erosion, experimental areas, fire control, fire hazard reduction, fire regimes, fishes, forest management, game birds, Graphium marcellus, grasslands, habitat types, hardwood forests, herbicides, histories, Hyla andersonii, insects, invertebrates, land use, Lepidoptera, mammals, multiple resource management, Mus musculus, national forests, nongame birds, Peromyscus polionotus, pine forests, Pinus clausa, Pinus echinata, Pinus elliottii, Pinus palustris, Pinus rigida, Pinus strobus, Pinus taeda, Pinus virginiana, public information, Quercus, reptiles, savannas, Sigmodon hispidus, site treatments, small mammals, smoke management, soil organic matter, Tall Timbers Research Station, threatened and endangered species (animals), Urocyon cinereoargenteus, water quality, wildlife food plants, wildlife habitat management
From the text (p.122) ... 'In recent years, the debate over Indian fire has continued in the context of discussions of the Wilderness Act of 1964. It is basically a dispute over whether or not Indian fires were a 'natural' form of fire management and, if they were not, whether…
Person:
Year: 1999
Type: Document
Source: TTRS
Topic(s): Fire Ecology, Emissions and Smoke, Fire History, Prescribed Fire
Region(s): Southern, International
Keywords: Canada, Ceanothus, chaparral, coniferous forests, conservation, ecosystem dynamics, evolution, fire dependent species, fire exclusion, fire management, fire suppression, forest management, grasslands, histories, human caused fires, hunting, ignition, land management, lightning, lightning caused fires, mammals, mosaic, Native Americans, Pinus palustris, Pinus ponderosa, prairies, presettlement fires, Quercus, range management, rangelands, scrub, season of fire, seed germination, seedlings, succession, understory vegetation, wilderness areas, wildlife, SMOKE SIGNALS
From the text ...'This paper summarizes results of a study conducted under the aegis of the Interior Columbia Basin Ecosystem Management Project. We report on a midscale scientific assessment of vegetation change in terrestrial landscapes of the interior West, associated change…
Person:
Year: 1999
Type: Document
Source: TTRS
Topic(s): Communications, Emissions and Smoke, Fire Behavior, Fire Ecology, Fire History, Fire Occurrence, Fire Prevention, Fuels, Hazard and Risk, Intelligence, Mapping, Monitoring and Inventory, Outreach, Prescribed Fire, Social Science, Wildland-Urban Interface (WUI)
Region(s): Alaska, California, Eastern, Great Basin, Hawaii, Northern Rockies, Northwest, Rocky Mountain, Southern, Southwest, National
Keywords: Abies amabilis, Abies concolor, Abies grandis, Abies lasiocarpa, Abies magnifica, air quality, arthropods, Cascades Range, coniferous forests, conifers, cover type, crown fires, disturbance, ecosystem dynamics, education, fire danger rating, fire exclusion, fire frequency, fire regimes, fire suppression, fishes, forbs, forest management, fuel accumulation, fuel loading, grasses, grasslands, health factors, herbaceous vegetation, histories, hydrology, Idaho, insects, Juniperus, landscape ecology, Larix occidentalis, Montana, montane forests, mountains, national forests, Nevada, northern California, Oregon, overstory, Picea engelmannii, Pinus albicaulis, Pinus contorta, Pinus edulis, Pinus flexilis, Pinus lambertiana, Pinus monticola, Pinus ponderosa, plant diseases, Populus, prairies, Pseudotsuga menziesii, public information, Quercus garryana, range management, relict vegetation, remote sensing, rivers, Salix, shrublands, sloping terrain, smoke management, succession, Thuja plicata, Tsuga heterophylla, Tsuga mertensiana, Utah, Washington, watershed management, watersheds, wilderness fire management, wildfires, wildlife, wildlife habitat management, Wyoming
From the text...'...the fire professionals who have access to the Internet and more specifically to the Firenet (firenet@www.anu.edu.au) and to specialized sites dedicated to forest fires such as the Global Fire Monitoring Center (http://www.uni-freiburg.de/fireglobe), have the…
Person:
Year: 1999
Type: Document
Source: TTRS
Topic(s): Fire Ecology, Emissions and Smoke, Fire History
Region(s): Southern, International
Keywords: Alberta, Australia, Brazil, Canada, catastrophic fires, Central America, education, Europe, fire equipment, fire management, fire suppression, Florida, Greece, Honduras, Indonesia, Italy, Malaysia, Mexico, pollution, South America, Tropical Oceania, wildfires
From the text...'In addition to tremendous costs associated with suppression, wildfires have a dramatic impact on the health of our forests. California forests have become dangerous tinderboxes, filled with decaying, overstocked trees and chaparral. In its March 1996 statewide…
Person:
Year: 1999
Type: Document
Source: TTRS
Topic(s): Economics, Emissions and Smoke, Fire Behavior, Fire Ecology, Fire History, Fire Prevention, Fuels, Hazard and Risk, Prescribed Fire, Regulations and Legislation, Social Science, Economics, Wildland-Urban Interface (WUI)
Region(s): California, Great Basin
Keywords: age classes, air quality, burning permits, catastrophic fires, chaparral, fire hazard reduction, fire management, fire protection, fire suppression, fuel appraisal, fuel management, grasslands, liability, national forests, particulates, private lands, range management, trees, watershed management, wildfires
From the text...'In the last 30 to 40 years...changes in forest structure prompted a return to using fire, under carefully controlled conditions, to accomplish many of the same purposes that were historically provided by natural fires. Today, approximately 8 million acres are…
Person:
Year: 1999
Type: Document
Source: TTRS
Topic(s): Administration, Emissions and Smoke, Fire Behavior, Fire History, Fire Prevention, Fuels, Planning, Prescribed Fire, Regulations and Legislation, Weather, Hazard and Risk
Region(s): Southern
Keywords: backing fires, burning intervals, burning permits, competition, fire hazard reduction, fire intensity, flank fires, Florida, forest management, fuel accumulation, general interest, headfires, ignition, liability, pine forests, smoke management, wildlife habitat management
From the text ... 'Florida banned outdoor burning Wednesday in an effort to stop the spread of wildfires as fire-fighters stirred smoldering embers with rakes and pickaxes, trying to stop flames that have charred 165,000 acres in the Everglades. Florida Agriculture Commissioner…
Person:
Year: 1999
Type: Document
Source: TTRS
Topic(s): Emissions and Smoke, Fire History, Fire Prevention, Intelligence, Regulations and Legislation
Region(s): Southern
Keywords: agriculture, Apalachicola National Forest, Cladium jamaicense, droughts, everglades, fire case histories, fire management, fire suppression, Florida, general interest, marshes, national forests, national parks, north Florida, roads, south Florida, wildfires
[no description entered]
Person:
Year: 1999
Type: Document
Source: TTRS
Topic(s): Climate, Emissions and Smoke, Fire Behavior, Fire Ecology, Fire Effects, Fire History, Fire Occurrence, Fuels, Prescribed Fire, Regulations and Legislation
Region(s): Great Basin, Southwest, International
Keywords: Africa, agriculture, air quality, Arizona, Australia, biomass, chemistry, decay, disturbance, ecosystem dynamics, energy, erosion, fire adaptations (plants), fire dependent species, fire frequency, fire intensity, fire management, fire sensitive plants, grasslands, grazing, humidity, hunting, ignition, lightning caused fires, litter, mineral soils, minerals, nutrient cycling, overstory, perennial plants, plant communities, pollution, post fire recovery, predation, presettlement vegetation, rangelands, savannas, soils, species diversity (plants), water, wildfires, woody plants
A strategy for the protection, preservation, and restoration of national forest giant sequoia groves is being formulated using a conceptual framework for ecosystem management recently developed by Region Five of the USDA Forest Service. The framework includes physical,…
Person:
Year: 1999
Type: Document
Source: TTRS
Topic(s): Aquatic, Economics, Emissions and Smoke, Fire Behavior, Fire Ecology, Fire History, Fire Occurrence, Fuels, Restoration and Rehabilitation
Region(s): California, Great Basin
Keywords: age classes, air quality, arthropods, community ecology, diameter classes, diseases, dominance (ecology), drainage, ecosystem dynamics, fire exclusion, fire frequency, fire intensity, forest management, fuel loading, hardwood forests, hydrology, insects, mosaic, national forests, old growth forests, organic soils, plant communities, population density, presettlement fires, presettlement vegetation, sedimentation, seedlings, Sequoia, size classes, snags, surface fires, US Forest Service, understory vegetation, vegetation surveys, water, watersheds, wildfires, wildlife habitat management, Yosemite National Park
From the Executive Summary... 'Purpose: National forests of the dry, interior portion of the western United States that are managed by the Department of Agriculture*s Forest Service have undergone significant changes over the last century and a half, becoming much denser, with…
Person:
Year: 1999
Type: Document
Source: TTRS
Topic(s): Fire Ecology, Climate, Economics, Emissions and Smoke, Fire History, Fire Prevention, Fuels, Hazard and Risk, Mapping, Planning, Prescribed Fire, Wildland-Urban Interface (WUI)
Region(s): Alaska, California, Eastern, Great Basin, Hawaii, Northern Rockies, Northwest, Rocky Mountain, Southern, Southwest, International, National
Keywords: air quality, Arizona, arthropods, catastrophic fires, coastal forests, Colorado, coniferous forests, crown fires, diseases, disturbance, droughts, fire damage (property), fire danger rating, fire dependent species, fire frequency, fire hazard reduction, fire intensity, fire regimes, fire size, fire suppression, fishes, flammability, floods, forest management, forest types, fuel accumulation, fuel loading, fuel management, health factors, Idaho, insects, landscape ecology, light burning, logging, Montana, multiple resource management, national forests, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, pine forests, Pinus ponderosa, pollution, population density, post fire recovery, precipitation, rangelands, recreation, smoke effects, smoke management, soils, species diversity, stand characteristics, streamflow, Texas, topography, trees, US Forest Service, understory vegetation, Utah, Washington, water, water quality, watersheds, wilderness areas, wilderness fire management, wildfires, wildlife, wildlife habitat management, wind, Wyoming
From the text...'The worst fire season in Mexican history was in 1998. Drought conditions precipitated by a strong El Niño led to unusual fire activity, including crown fires, fire whirls, and rapid spread rates. A total of 14,302 fires burned 2,099,412 acres (849,632 ha) - 3.6…
Person:
Year: 1999
Type: Document
Source: TTRS
Topic(s): Economics, Emissions and Smoke, Fire Behavior, Fire Ecology, Fire Effects, Fire History, Fire Occurrence, Fire Prevention, Fuels, Hazard and Risk, Logistics, Models, Outreach, Prescribed Fire, Restoration and Rehabilitation, Safety, Social Science, Wildland-Urban Interface (WUI)
Region(s): Alaska, California, Eastern, Great Basin, Hawaii, Northern Rockies, Northwest, Rocky Mountain, Southern, Southwest, International, National
Keywords: agriculture, air quality, bibliographies, catastrophic fires, coniferous forests, crown fires, deforestation, ecosystem dynamics, education, fire danger rating, fire frequency, fire injuries (humans), fire intensity, fire regimes, fire suppression, fire whirls, firefighting personnel, forage, forest management, fuel loading, fungi, grasslands, grazing, Hilaria mutica, histories, human caused fires, livestock, Mexico, pine forests, Pinus durangensis, Pinus edulis, Pinus engelmannii, Pinus hartwegii, Pinus montezumae, Pinus patula, Pinus rudis, plant diseases, Quercus, regeneration, resprouting, roots, savannas, shrublands, slash and burn, smoke effects, statistical analysis, surface fires, wilderness fire management, wildfires, xeric soils
Atmospheric composition, local climate and sapling gas exchange were monitored to assess the short-term effects of smoke-haze from the 1997 Indonesian forest fires. Atmospheric concentrations of particulate matter, SO2, CO, CH4 and CO2, and relative humidity were elevated, and…
Person:
Year: 1999
Type: Document
Source: TTRS
Topic(s): Climate, Emissions and Smoke, Fire Effects, Fire History, Intelligence, Restoration and Rehabilitation
Region(s): Alaska, California, Eastern, Great Basin, Hawaii, Northern Rockies, Northwest, Rocky Mountain, Southern, Southwest, National
Keywords: aerosols, air quality, carbon dioxide, deforestation, fire case histories, fire management, forest management, humidity, Indonesia, native species (plants), particulates, photosynthesis, pollution, radiation, seedlings, smoke effects, smoke management, statistical analysis, S - sulfur, temperature, tropical forests, wildfires, aerosols, Borneo, particulate matter, SO2 - sulfur dioxide, tree species, tropical deforestation
From the text... 'Peat continues to be a common source of fuel for man. Fossil remains in coal suggest that grassy rather than woody vegetation is typical of coal-forming sites, and such an association would also favor the fine lamination characteristic of fusain. If fire were…
Person:
Year: 1982
Type: Document
Source: TTRS
Topic(s): Climate, Emissions and Smoke, Fire Behavior, Fire Ecology, Fire Effects, Fire History, Fire Prevention, Fuels
Region(s): Southern, International
Keywords: adaptation, Africa, agriculture, air quality, Asia, char, charcoal, chemistry, coastal vegetation, combustion, community ecology, coniferous forests, deciduous forests, decomposition, droughts, duff, ecosystem dynamics, everglades, ferns, fire adaptations (plants), fire dependent species, fire exclusion, fire intensity, fire management, fire regimes, fire retardants, fire size, fire suppression, flammability, Florida, forbs, Georgia, glaciers, grasses, habitat types, heat, heat effects, histories, human caused fires, hunting, insects, Komarek, E.V., Sr., lakes, landscape ecology, lightning, lightning caused fires, litter, livestock, marshes, Native Americans, North Carolina, nutrients, Okefenokee Swamp, organic matter, peat, pest control, pesticides, Pinaceae, pine forests, pine hardwood forests, plant communities, pocosins, prehistoric fires, rainforests, seeds, serotiny, shrubs, slash, soot, species diversity (plants), swamps, trees, water, wind, pyrolysis, ORGANISMS, COAL MINE FIRES, ASTRONAUT OBSERVATIONS
From the text... 'The outcome of the Southern Forestry Education Campaign was much less devisive. To begin with, its subject was not the internal distribution of agency funds but the promotion of fire protection as a concept. Nor was it concerned with the question of transient…
Person:
Year: 1982
Type: Document
Source: TTRS
Topic(s): Administration, Climate, Emissions and Smoke, Fire History, Fire Prevention, Fuels, Intelligence, Logistics, Outreach, Planning, Prescribed Fire, Safety, Social Science, Wildland-Urban Interface (WUI)
Region(s): Alaska, California, Eastern, Great Basin, Hawaii, Northern Rockies, Northwest, Rocky Mountain, Southern, Southwest, International, National
Keywords: Adirondack Mountains, Africa, agriculture, backfires, Belgian Congo, broadcast burning, Canada, Cascades Range, coniferous forests, conservation, distribution, education, erosion, Europe, fire case histories, fire equipment, fire management, fire protection, fire regimes, fire size, firefighting personnel, Florida, France, fuel management, Georgia, Germany, Greece, histories, human caused fires, hunting, Idaho, ignition, Illinois, incendiary fires, insects, Kentucky, lightning caused fires, livestock, logging, Maine, Maryland, Mediterranean habitats, Michigan, military lands, Mississippi, national forests, Native Americans, Nebraska, New England, New Mexico, Ohio, Oregon, Ozarks, Pennsylvania, pine forests, pine hardwood forests, presettlement fires, private lands, public information, rangeland fires, recreation related fires, resins, Russia, Scandinavia, slash, Smokey Bear program, soils, Turkey, US Forest Service, water, wilderness fire management, wildfires, wood, AFA - American Forestry Association, COAL MINE FIRES, CCC - Civilian Conservation Corporation, CODE NAPOLEON, CFFP - Cooperate Forest Fire Prevention Program, CORDILLERA, DESCON (Designated Control Burn System), DIXIE CRUSADERS, EXCOMMUNICATION, fire codes, JOB HUNTING FIRES, KEEP GREEN PROGRAM, MARK TWAIN, MARTIAL LAW, MOONSHINERS, National Fire Prevention Day, NEW DEAL, NWCG - National Wildfire Coordinating Group, PROJECT SKYFIRE, propaganda, RURAL ELECTRIFICATION, SCFFP - Southern Cooperative Forest Fire Prevention Program, SIMON EL ORO, SMOKE JUMPER, Tillamook Fire, WARTIME, WFCA - Western Forestry and Conservation Association
From the text... 'But with the advent of fire protection in the South, game birds decreased much as pasturage had and as grouse populations had in Britain. The vegetative ensemble that sustained maximum populations gave way to roughage and woods. By 1923 hunting plantations in…
Person:
Year: 1982
Type: Document
Source: TTRS
Topic(s): Climate, Economics, Emissions and Smoke, Fire Behavior, Fire Ecology, Fire History, Fire Prevention, Fuels, Intelligence, Logistics, Outreach, Prescribed Fire, Regulations and Legislation, Safety, Social Science, Wildland-Urban Interface (WUI)
Region(s): Alaska, California, Eastern, Great Basin, Hawaii, Northern Rockies, Northwest, Rocky Mountain, Southern, Southwest, National
Keywords: agriculture, Alabama, Appalachian Mountains, Aristida, Arkansas, backfires, birds, broadcast burning, brush, burning intervals, Chamaecrista, Chapman, H.H., coastal plain, Colinus virginianus, conservation, copper, cutting, decay, droughts, education, fire management, fire protection, fire regimes, fire size, fire suppression, firefighting personnel, Florida, forest management, fuel accumulation, fuel loading, game birds, Georgia, Gossypium, grasses, habitat suitability, health factors, herbaceous vegetation, histories, human caused fires, hunting, ignition, insects, Kentucky, Komarek, E.V., Sr., land management, land use, livestock, logging, Louisiana, mammals, Meleagris gallopavo, Michigan, military lands, Mississippi, mosaic, mountains, national forests, Native Americans, natural resource legislation, needles, North Carolina, Okefenokee Swamp, Osceola National Forest, Piedmont, pine forests, pine hardwood forests, plantations, pocosins, prairies, precipitation, private lands, public information, range management, recreation, Red Hills, reproduction, reptiles, Saccharum, savannas, Serenoa repens, site treatments, slash, soils, South Carolina, Stoddard, H.L., suppression, swamps, Tall Timbers Research Station, Tennessee, Texas, trees, turpentine, US Forest Service, understory vegetation, West Virginia, wildfires, wildlife, wildlife management, wildlife refuges, windthrows, wood, annual burning, BLOWDOWNS, CIVIL WAR, CCC - Civilian Conservation Corporation, DESCON (Designated Control Burn Systems), National Guard, NEW DEAL, pitch, silviculture, tar, TVA - Tennessee Valley Authority, Weeks Act
From the text... 'It is often assumed that the American Indian was incapable of greatly modifying his environment and that he would not have been much interested in doing so if he did have the capabilities. In fact, he possessed both the tool and the will to use it. That tool…
Person:
Year: 1982
Type: Document
Source: TTRS
Topic(s): Administration, Climate, Economics, Emissions and Smoke, Fire Behavior, Fire Ecology, Fire Effects, Fire History, Fire Prevention, Fuels, Hazard and Risk, Intelligence, Logistics, Planning, Prescribed Fire, Safety
Region(s): Alaska, California, Eastern, Great Basin, Hawaii, Northern Rockies, Northwest, Rocky Mountain, Southern, Southwest, International, National
Keywords: aborigines, agriculture, arid regions, barrens, broadcast burning, burning intervals, Canada, catastrophic fires, coastal plain, deserts, droughts, duff, ecosystem dynamics, ecotones, fertilizers, fire case histories, fire control, fire equipment, fire exclusion, fire protection, fire regimes, firefighting personnel, Florida, forest management, grasses, grasslands, habitat suitability, habitat types, histories, human caused fires, hunting, insects, integrated pest management, land use planning, landscape ecology, lightning caused fires, logging, mammals, mortality, mosaic, Native Americans, New England, pine forests, pine hardwood forests, prairies, precipitation, presettlement fires, presettlement vegetation, recreation, rivers, savannas, scorch, season of fire, slash, swamps, trees, understory vegetation, wilderness areas, wilderness fire management, wildfires, wildland fuels, MYTHOLOGY
A team of fire scientists and resource managers convened 17-19 April 1996 in Seattle, Washington, to assess the effects of fire disturbance on ecosystems. Objectives of this workshop were to develop scientific recommendations for future fire research and management activities.…
Person:
Year: 1999
Type: Document
Source: FRAMES, TTRS
Topic(s): Administration, Climate, Economics, Emissions and Smoke, Fire Behavior, Fire Ecology, Fire Effects, Fire History, Fire Occurrence, Fuels, Hazard and Risk, Models, Planning
Region(s): Northern Rockies, Northwest
Keywords: disturbance, ecosystem, fire management, ecological disturbance regimes, FERA - Fire and Environmental Research Applications Team, fire research, analytical hierarchy process, large-scale fire, Abies amabilis, Abies magnifica, air quality, Cascade Range, climatology, coniferous forests, crown fires, ecosystem dynamics, fire danger rating, fire frequency, fire intensity, fire management planning, fire models, fire size, fuel appraisal, fuel management, fuel models, grasslands, moisture, Montana, Pinus ponderosa, Pseudotsuga menziesii, Quercus, rate of spread, sampling, shrublands, smoke management, statistical analysis, subalpine forests, Tsuga heterophylla, Washington, wildfires, Yellowstone National Park
The Vegetation Dynamics Development Tool (VDDT) is a vegetation simulation model developed to examine the impacts of a variety of landscape scale disturbances on vegetation succession and development. It assumes that the ecosystem exists in a discrete number of states, and…
Person:
Year: 1999
Type: Document
Source: FRAMES, TTRS
Topic(s): Emissions and Smoke, Fire Behavior, Fire Ecology, Fire History, Fire Occurrence, Fuels, Hazard and Risk, Models, Prescribed Fire, Weather
Region(s): California
Keywords: fire frequency, VDDT - Vegetation Dynamics Development Tool, vegetation, Yosemite National Park, Abies magnifica, age classes, Calocedrus, catastrophic fires, computer program, disturbance, ecosystem dynamics, fire intensity, fire management, fire regimes, fire weather, forest management, fuel breaks, fuel loading, JFSP - Joint Fire Science Program, montane forests, national forests, overstory, Pinus albicaulis, Pinus contorta, Pinus jeffreyi, Pinus monticola, Pinus ponderosa, population density, Pseudotsuga menziesii, Quercus chrysolepis, Quercus wislizenii, recreation, site treatments, subalpine forests, succession, threatened and endangered species, Tsuga mertensiana, US Forest Service, understory vegetation, wildfires, wildland fires
From the text... 'To understand and predict wildland fire behavior, it is necessary to enlarge analogies drawn from confined fires and to create models for the components of the fire environment, such as fuels and weather, and for the mechanics of fire propagation. Wildland fire…
Person:
Year: 1982
Type: Document
Source: TTRS
Topic(s): Emissions and Smoke, Fire Behavior, Fire Ecology, Fire Effects, Fire History, Fire Prevention, Fuels, Hazard and Risk, Intelligence, Models, Prescribed Fire, Social Science, Weather, Wildland-Urban Interface (WUI)
Region(s): Eastern, Great Basin, Northwest, Southern, International
Keywords: backfires, blowups, catastrophic fires, char, chemistry, combustion, convection, crown fires, decomposition, droughts, duff, fire adaptations (plants), fire case histories, fire control, fire damage (property), fire danger rating, fire intensity, fire management, fire protection, fire regimes, fire size, fire whirls, flame length, flammability, floods, forest types, fuel loading, fuel moisture, grasses, ground fires, heat, heat effects, histories, human caused fires, hydrology, ignition, India, Komarek, E.V., Sr., landscape ecology, live fuels, military lands, national forests, New England, nutrients, O - oxygen, physics, private lands, rivers, sloping terrain, spot fires, statistical analysis, topography, US Forest Service, understory vegetation, water, wilderness fire management, wildfires, wildland fuels, wind, woody fuels, conduction, firestorm, LAWSUITS, MYTHOLOGY, pitch, pyrolysis, thermodynamics