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Displaying 1 - 25 of 192
The Manual includes information on the organization's standard operating procedures, requirements, and guidelines regarding fire management. It also outlines the necessary steps for developing and maintaining a succesful fire management program. The Manual is a dynamic document…
Person:
Year: 2007
Type: Document
Source: TTRS
Topic(s): Administration, Climate, Economics, Emissions and Smoke, Fire Behavior, Fire Effects, Fire Prevention, Hazard and Risk, Logistics, Planning, Prescribed Fire, Safety, Weather
Region(s): Alaska, California, Eastern, Great Basin, Hawaii, Northern Rockies, Northwest, Rocky Mountain, Southern, Southwest, National
Keywords: catastrophic fires, conservation, fire equipment, fire exclusion, fire hazard reduction, fire management, fire regimes, fire suppression, firefighting personnel, health factors, liability, manuals, smoke behavior, smoke effects, smoke management, wildfires
Unusually high levels of
Person:
Year: 2007
Type: Document
Source: TTRS
Topic(s): Fire Ecology, Climate, Emissions and Smoke, Models
Region(s): International
Keywords: air quality, biomass, biomass burning, broadcast burning, cropland fires, Europe, fire management, forest management, pollen, pollution, remote sensing, Russia, statistical analysis, United Kingdom, wildfires, wind, atmospheric dispersion modelling, forest fires, long-range transport, pollution
Recent studies have shown that emissions of mercury (Hg), a hazardous air pollutant, from fires can be significant. However, to date, these emissions have not been well-quantified for the entire United States. Daily emissions of Hg from fires in the lower 48 states of the United…
Person:
Year: 2007
Type: Document
Source: TTRS
Topic(s): Fire Ecology, Emissions and Smoke, Models, Prescribed Fire
Region(s): Alaska, Great Basin, Northwest
Keywords: air quality, boreal forests, coniferous forests, ecosystem dynamics, fire management, grasslands, Hg - mercury, smoke management, statistical analysis, toxicity, wildfires
This study investigated particle size distributions from the burning of several grass species, under controlled laboratory conditions, and also in the field, conducted during the dry season in the Northern Territory, Australia. The laboratory study simulated conditions such as…
Person:
Year: 2007
Type: Document
Source: TTRS
Topic(s): Fire Ecology, Emissions and Smoke, Fire Behavior
Region(s): International
Keywords: Aristida, Australia, biomass, biomass burning, distribution, field experimental fires, fire intensity, fire management, grass fires, grasses, grasslands, laboratory fires, litter, national parks, Northern Territory of Australia, particulates, range management, savannas, season of fire, statistical analysis, biomass burning, particle size distribution, Northern Territory of Australia, airborne measurement, vertical profile
There is limited understanding of how fire-related cues such as heat shock and smoke can combine to affect the germination response of seeds from fire-prone vegetation because combinations of multiple levels of both cues have rarely been investigated. Germination response…
Person:
Year: 2007
Type: Document
Source: TTRS
Topic(s): Emissions and Smoke, Fire Behavior, Fire Effects
Region(s): International
Keywords: aerosols, Australia, fire management, germination, heat, heat effects, New South Wales, regeneration, seed dormancy, seed germination, seeds, shrublands, smoke effects, smoke management, temperature, aerosol smoke, germination, heat shock, soil seed bank
Prehistoric fire area and emissions from California's forests, woodlands, shrublands, and grasslands
In the majority of US political settings wildland fire is still discussed as a negative force. Lacking from current wildfire discussions are estimates of the spatial extent of fire and their resultant emissions before the influences of Euro-American settlement and this is the…
Person:
Year: 2007
Type: Document
Source: TTRS
Topic(s): Climate, Emissions and Smoke, Fire Effects, Fire History, Fire Occurrence, Fire Prevention, Fuels
Region(s): California, Great Basin
Keywords: Abies magnifica, air quality, carbon, chaparral, coniferous forests, crowns, evergreens, fire exclusion, fire frequency, fire management, fire regimes, fire size, fire suppression, forest management, grasslands, histories, lightning caused fires, litter, mountains, Native Americans, particulates, Pinus contorta, Pinus ponderosa, prehistoric fires, Sequoia sempervirens, shrublands, suppression, vegetation surveys, wildfires, wildfire, fire regime, fire policy, fire suppression, fire rotation, air resources, air quality, particulates, fire exclusion, carbon
To assess the contribution of sources to fine particulate organic carbon (OC) at four sites in North Carolina, USA, a molecular marker chemical mass balance model (MM-CMB) was used to quantify seasonal contributions for 2 years. The biomass burning contribution at these sites…
Person:
Year: 2007
Type: Document
Source: TTRS
Topic(s): Emissions and Smoke, Models, Prescribed Fire
Region(s): Southern
Keywords: aerosols, biomass, biomass burning, broadcast burning, carbon, fire management, Georgia, hydrocarbons, North Carolina, particulates, smoke management, wood, wood smoke, organic aerosols, atmospheric particulate matter, source apportionment, CMB
Near infrared spectroscopy (NIRS), diatoms, pollen, charcoal, loss-on-ignition (LOI), and nutrient elements in lake sediments were used to assess important factors controlling Holocene changes in the total organic carbon (TOC) concentration, pCO2, color and pH of lake water in…
Person:
Year: 2007
Type: Document
Source: TTRS
Topic(s): Aquatic, Climate, Emissions and Smoke, Fire Behavior, Fire Ecology, Fire Effects, Fire Occurrence
Region(s): International
Keywords: age classes, boreal forests, carbon, carbon dioxide, charcoal, Europe, fire frequency, fire management, fire size, humidity, ignition, lakes, nutrients, pH, pollen, sedimentation, statistical analysis, Sweden, temperature, vegetation surveys, water, watershed management, wildfires
We estimate the contributions from biomass burning (summer wildfires, other fires, residential biofuel, and industrial biofuel) to seasonal and annual aerosol concentrations in the United States. Our approach is to use total carbonaceous (TC) and non-soil potassium (ns-K)…
Person:
Year: 2007
Type: Document
Source: TTRS
Topic(s): Climate, Communications, Emissions and Smoke, Fire Behavior, Fire Effects, Fuels, Intelligence, Mapping, Monitoring and Inventory, Prescribed Fire
Region(s): Eastern
Keywords: aerosols, air quality, biomass, biomass burning, carbon, coniferous forests, fire intensity, fire management, forest management, fuel management, grasslands, human caused fires, lightning caused fires, Maine, K - potassium, remote sensing, season of fire, shrublands, wildfires, woody fuels, aerosols, wildfires, biomass burning, biofuel, air quality, visibility
The current paper analyses the potential for prescribed burning techniques for mitigating carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions from forest fires and attempts to show quantitatively that it can be a means of achieving a net reduction of carbon emissions in the context of the Kyoto…
Person:
Year: 2007
Type: Document
Source: TTRS
Topic(s): Emissions and Smoke, Fire Ecology, Fuels, Prescribed Fire
Region(s): International
Keywords: air quality, carbon, carbon dioxide, crown fires, dead fuels, ecosystem dynamics, Europe, fire management, fire size, fuel loading, fuel management, fuel moisture, statistical analysis, surface fuels, vegetation surveys, wildfires, CO2 emissions, emissions mitigation, wildland fires, fire management, Kyoto Protocol
[1] We measured CO2 and CH4 exchange from the center of a Sphagnum-dominated permafrost collapse, through an aquatic moat, and into a recently burned black spruce forest on the Tanana River floodplain in interior Alaska. In the anomalously dry growing season of 2004, both the…
Person:
Year: 2007
Type: Document
Source: TTRS
Topic(s): Climate, Emissions and Smoke, Fire Behavior, Fire Ecology, Fire Occurrence, Fuels
Region(s): Alaska, Great Basin, Northwest
Keywords: biomass, black spruce, boreal forests, carbon, carbon dioxide, coniferous forests, disturbance, ecosystem dynamics, fire frequency, fire intensity, fire management, forest management, grasses, Interior Alaska, CH4 - methane, moisture, mosses, Picea mariana, soil moisture, soil temperature, soils, sphagnum, statistical analysis, temperature, tundra, wildfires
Field measurements were conducted to determine particulate emissions and trace gas emissions, including CO2, CO, CH4, NMHCs, NOx, NH3, N2O, and SO2, from open burning of wheat straw and maize stover, two major agricultural residues in China. The headfire ignition technique was…
Person:
Year: 2007
Type: Document
Source: TTRS
Topic(s): Emissions and Smoke, Fuels, Prescribed Fire
Region(s): International
Keywords: agriculture, air quality, Asia, biomass, broadcast burning, carbon, carbon dioxide, chemical compounds, China, distribution, fire management, fuel accumulation, gases, headfires, ignition, particulates, K - potassium, sampling
The post-harvest burning of agricultural fields is commonly used to dispose of crop residue and provide other desired services such as pest control. Despite careful regulation of burning, smoke plumes from field burning in the Pacific Northwest commonly degrade air quality,…
Person:
Year: 2007
Type: Document
Source: TTRS
Topic(s): Climate, Emissions and Smoke, Fuels, Models, Prescribed Fire
Region(s): Alaska, California, Eastern, Great Basin, Hawaii, Northern Rockies, Northwest, Rocky Mountain, Southern, Southwest, National
Keywords: agriculture, air quality, biomass, broadcast burning, cropland fires, croplands, fire management, fuel moisture, fuel types, hydrocarbons, Idaho, pest control, range management, season of fire, smoke behavior, smoke management, Washington, wind, CALPUFF, PM2.5, biomass burning, air quality model, ClearSky
Using three sets of satellite data for burned areas together with the tree cover imagery and a biogeochemical component of the Integrated Science Assessment Model (ISAM) the global emissions of CO and associated uncertainties are estimated for the year 2000. The available fuel…
Person:
Year: 2007
Type: Document
Source: TTRS
Topic(s): Communications, Emissions and Smoke, Fire Behavior, Fire Ecology, Fire Effects, Fuels, Intelligence, Mapping, Models, Monitoring and Inventory, Prescribed Fire
Region(s): International
Keywords: Africa, air quality, biogeochemical cycles, biomass, broadcast burning, carbon, cover, croplands, cutting, deciduous forests, decomposition, ecosystem dynamics, evapotranspiration, fertilization, fire management, forest management, fuel loading, grasslands, litter, CH4 - methane, ozone, photosynthesis, remote sensing, savannas, shrublands, soil organic matter, surface fuels, tropical forests, open fire, CO - carbon monoxide, ISAM
Vegetation fires emit a number of air pollutants, thus impacting air quality at local, regional and global scales. One such pollutant is the particulate matter (PM) that is known to trigger adverse health effects. In this study, the CALPUFF/CALMET/MM5 modeling system is employed…
Person:
Year: 2007
Type: Document
Source: TTRS
Topic(s): Communications, Emissions and Smoke, Fire Behavior, Fuels, Intelligence, Mapping, Monitoring and Inventory, Prescribed Fire, Weather
Region(s): Alaska, California, Eastern, Great Basin, Hawaii, Northern Rockies, Northwest, Rocky Mountain, Southern, Southwest, International, National
Keywords: agriculture, air quality, Arizona, Colorado, cropland fires, fire management, fire size, firing techniques, fuel loading, fuel moisture, Mexico, particulates, pollution, range management, rate of spread, remote sensing, wind, agricultural fire, PM - particulate matter, plume dispersion, CALPUFF, CALMET, MM5
Much of the public's attitude toward wildland fire as an important part of natural processes has been misguided, sometimes through programs perpetuating fear and misunderstanding of the vital role of fire in wildlands. Results presented here were part of a larger study that…
Person:
Year: 2007
Type: Document
Source: TTRS
Topic(s): Emissions and Smoke, Fire Ecology, Fuels, Hazard and Risk, Prescribed Fire
Region(s): Alaska, California, Eastern, Great Basin, Hawaii, Northern Rockies, Northwest, Rocky Mountain, Southern, Southwest, National
Keywords: education, fire hazard reduction, fire management, fuel management, land management, public information, rangelands, recreation, sampling, smoke management, Tennessee, thinning, wildfires, wildland fuels, wildlife
Pines (genus Pinus) form the dominant tree cover over large parts of the Northern Hemisphere. Human activities have affected the distribution, composition, and structure of pine forests for millennia. Different human-mediated factors have affected different pine species in…
Person:
Year: 2007
Type: Document
Source: TTRS
Topic(s): Climate, Emissions and Smoke, Fire Behavior, Fire Ecology, Fire History, Fire Prevention, Restoration and Rehabilitation
Region(s): Alaska, California, Eastern, Great Basin, Hawaii, Northern Rockies, Northwest, Rocky Mountain, Southern, Southwest, National
Keywords: agriculture, air quality, browse, conservation, cover, distribution, ecosystem dynamics, fire exclusion, fire management, fire regimes, fire suppression, forest management, grazing, logging, paleoecology, pine forests, pine, Pinus, pollution, wildfires, air pollution, biological invasions, conservation, land use
Fire is one of the key disturbances affecting trembling aspen (Populus tremuloides Michx.) forest ecosystems within western Canadian wildlands, including Elk Island National Park in central Alberta, Canada. Although prescribed fire is a tool available to modify aspen forests, a…
Person:
Year: 2007
Type: Document
Source: TTRS
Topic(s): Emissions and Smoke, Fire Ecology, Fuels, Models, Prescribed Fire, Weather
Region(s): Alaska, California, Eastern, Great Basin, Hawaii, Northern Rockies, Northwest, Rocky Mountain, Southern, Southwest, International, National
Keywords: Alberta, Canada, combustion, coniferous forests, disturbance, droughts, duff, ecosystem dynamics, experimental fires, fire intensity, fire management, forest management, fuel moisture, ground fires, ignition, moisture, national parks, plant communities, plant growth, Populus, Populus tremuloides, rate of spread, sampling, smoke management, statistical analysis, wildfires, FWI - Canadian Forest Fire Weather Index System, ground fire, subsurface fire
The re-ignition potential of partially burnt wood-based embers was investigated theoretically by studying their extinction characteristics. An adaptation of Semenov's thermal explosion theory was used in conjunction with a linear stability analysis to determine the critical…
Person:
Year: 2007
Type: Document
Source: TTRS
Topic(s): Emissions and Smoke, Fire Behavior, Models, Safety
Region(s): International
Keywords: adaptation, Araucaria cunninghami, Australia, brush fires, char, combustion, Eucalyptus maculata, fire intensity, fire management, fire size, firebrands, heat, ignition, particulates, Pinus radiata, rate of spread, statistical analysis, temperature, wildfires, wind, wood, flame spread, mathematical modelling
Fuel mapping is a complex and often multidisciplinary process, involving remote sensing, ground-based validation, statistical modelling, and knowledge-based systems. The scale and resolution of fuel mapping depend both on objectives and availability of spatial data layers. We…
Person:
Year: 2007
Type: Document
Source: TTRS
Topic(s): Communications, Emissions and Smoke, Fire Behavior, Fire Effects, Fire History, Fuels, Intelligence, Mapping, Models, Monitoring and Inventory
Region(s): California, Great Basin, Northwest
Keywords: Abies magnifica, air quality, Canada, carbon, chaparral, coniferous forests, disturbance, fire case histories, fire intensity, fire management, forest management, fuel loading, fuel management, fuel models, fuel types, GIS, histories, Juniperus occidentalis, land use, montane forests, national forests, Oregon, Pinus edulis, Pinus ilicifolia, Pinus jeffreyi, Pinus lambertiana, Pinus ponderosa, Populus tremuloides, Pseudotsuga menziesii, Quercus kelloggii, remote sensing, shrublands, statistical analysis, Vaccinium, Washington, wildfires, fuelbeds
The present paper proposes an original approach to estimate gaseous and particulate emissions from boreal forest fires based on the Canadian Forest Fire Behaviour Prediction ( FBP) System. The FBP System permits calculation of fuel consumption and rate of spread for individual…
Person:
Year: 2007
Type: Document
Source: TTRS
Topic(s): Climate, Emissions and Smoke, Fire Behavior, Fire History, Fuels, Hazard and Risk, Intelligence, Models, Weather
Region(s): Alaska, California, Eastern, Great Basin, Hawaii, Northern Rockies, Northwest, Rocky Mountain, Southern, Southwest, International, National
Keywords: aerosols, air quality, boreal forests, Canada, carbon, distribution, fire case histories, fire danger rating, fire management, forest management, gases, greenhouse gases, headfires, organic matter, particulates, precipitation, Quebec, rate of spread, smoke management, statistical analysis, temperature, wildfires, air quality, black carbon, climate change, greenhouse gas, particulate matter
The Southwest of Western Australia is one of the world's biodiversity hotspots. In the jarrah forest there are at least 300-400 plant species in vegetation that is typically mined and as many as 1163 species per 0.1 ha. Hence, restoring the plant species to post-mining areas is…
Person:
Year: 2007
Type: Document
Source: TTRS
Topic(s): Fire Ecology, Emissions and Smoke, Restoration and Rehabilitation
Region(s): International
Keywords: Allocasuarina fraseriana, Australia, Banksia littoralis, Corymbia, Eucalyptus marginata, forest management, Hakea, heat, jarrah, Melaleuca, mining, orchids, population density, resprouting, sclerophyll forests, seed dispersal, seed dormancy, seed germination, seeds, species diversity (plants), succession, understory vegetation, vegetation surveys, western Australia, wildfires, bauxite mining, species composition, species richness, vegetation, western Australia
The present paper reviews a long-term fire experiment in the Kruger National Park, South Africa, established in 1954 to support fire management. The paper's goals are: (1) to assess learning, with a focus on relevance for fire management; (2) to examine how findings influenced…
Person:
Year: 2007
Type: Document
Source: FRAMES, TTRS
Topic(s): Emissions and Smoke, Fire Behavior, Fire Ecology, Fire Effects, Fire Occurrence, Monitoring and Inventory, Prescribed Fire
Region(s): International
Keywords: Africa, air quality, biomass, C - carbon, ecosystem dynamics, experimental areas, fire exclusion, fire frequency, fire management, fire regimes, forest management, herbaceous vegetation, insects, mammals, mortality, mosaic, mycorrhiza, national parks, N - nitrogen, physiology, precipitation, range management, savannas, season of fire, small mammals, soil nutrients, soils, South Africa, vegetation surveys, woody plants, elephants, fire season, Kruger National Park
Fire is a frequent perturbation in Mediterranean-type ecosystems, altering soil organic matter turnover. In a Mediterranean shrubland subjected to experimental fire, soil CO2 emissions were measured over an annual cycle in burned and unburned sites using static chambers. Some…
Person:
Year: 2007
Type: Document
Source: FRAMES, TTRS
Topic(s): Emissions and Smoke, Fire Ecology, Fire Effects, Prescribed Fire
Region(s): International
Keywords: Arbutus unedo, C - carbon, CO2 - carbon dioxide, ecosystem dynamics, Europe, experimental areas, fire management, Italy, Mediterranean habitats, Myrtus communis, N - nitrogen, nutrient cycling, organic matter, pH, Phillyrea, Pistacia lentiscus, post-fire recovery, Quercus ilex, range management, shrublands, soil management, soil moisture, soil organic matter, soil temperature, statistical analysis, temperature, water, water uptake, experimental fire, metabolic quotient, priming effect, soil organic matter mineralization, soil water content, Mediterranean shrublands
In their classic article Allen and Gould (Allen, G.M., and E.M. Gould. 1986. Complexity, wickedness, and public forests. J. For. 84(4):20 -24) stated that the most daunting problems associated with public forest management had a ''wicked'' element: ''Wicked problems share…
Person:
Year: 2007
Type: Document
Source: TTRS
Topic(s): Fire Ecology, Climate, Emissions and Smoke, Hazard and Risk, Prescribed Fire, Regulations and Legislation, Wildland-Urban Interface (WUI)
Region(s): Alaska, California, Eastern, Great Basin, Hawaii, Northern Rockies, Northwest, Rocky Mountain, Southern, Southwest, National
Keywords: carbon, Cascades Range, coniferous forests, fire danger rating, fire frequency, fire intensity, fire management, fire regimes, fire suppression, forest management, climate change, Idaho, land management, liability, Montana, mosaic, Pinus contorta, Pinus ponderosa, private lands, Pseudotsuga menziesii, smoke management, thinning, Washington, wicked problems, thinning