Type
Topic
Region
Year
Displaying 151 - 175 of 192
Field measurements were conducted to determine particulate emissions and trace gas emissions, including CO2, CO, CH4, NMHCs, NOx, NH3, N2O, and SO2, from open burning of wheat straw and maize stover, two major agricultural residues in China. The headfire ignition technique was…
Person:
Year: 2007
Type: Document
Source: TTRS
Topic(s): Emissions and Smoke, Fuels, Prescribed Fire
Region(s): International
Keywords: agriculture, air quality, Asia, biomass, broadcast burning, C - carbon, carbon dioxide, chemical compounds, China, distribution, fire management, fuel accumulation, gases, headfires, ignition, particulates, K - potassium, sampling
Using three sets of satellite data for burned areas together with the tree cover imagery and a biogeochemical component of the Integrated Science Assessment Model (ISAM) the global emissions of CO and associated uncertainties are estimated for the year 2000. The available fuel…
Person:
Year: 2007
Type: Document
Source: TTRS
Topic(s): Communications, Emissions and Smoke, Fire Behavior, Fire Ecology, Fire Effects, Fuels, Intelligence, Mapping, Models, Monitoring and Inventory, Prescribed Fire
Region(s): International
Keywords: Africa, air quality, biogeochemical cycles, biomass, broadcast burning, C - carbon, cover, croplands, cutting, deciduous forests, decomposition, ecosystem dynamics, evapotranspiration, fertilization, fire management, forest management, fuel loading, grasslands, litter, CH4 - methane, ozone, photosynthesis, remote sensing, savannas, shrublands, soil organic matter, surface fuels, tropical forests, open fire, CO - carbon monoxide, ISAM
Fuel mapping is a complex and often multidisciplinary process, involving remote sensing, ground-based validation, statistical modelling, and knowledge-based systems. The scale and resolution of fuel mapping depend both on objectives and availability of spatial data layers. We…
Person:
Year: 2007
Type: Document
Source: TTRS
Topic(s): Communications, Emissions and Smoke, Fire Behavior, Fire Effects, Fire History, Fuels, Intelligence, Mapping, Models, Monitoring and Inventory
Region(s): California, Great Basin, Northwest
Keywords: Abies magnifica, air quality, Canada, C - carbon, chaparral, coniferous forests, disturbance, fire case histories, fire intensity, fire management, forest management, fuel loading, fuel management, fuel models, fuel types, GIS, histories, Juniperus occidentalis, land use, montane forests, national forests, Oregon, Pinus edulis, Pinus ilicifolia, Pinus jeffreyi, Pinus lambertiana, Pinus ponderosa, Populus tremuloides, Pseudotsuga menziesii, Quercus kelloggii, remote sensing, shrublands, statistical analysis, Vaccinium, Washington, wildfires, fuelbeds
The present paper proposes an original approach to estimate gaseous and particulate emissions from boreal forest fires based on the Canadian Forest Fire Behaviour Prediction ( FBP) System. The FBP System permits calculation of fuel consumption and rate of spread for individual…
Person:
Year: 2007
Type: Document
Source: TTRS
Topic(s): Climate, Emissions and Smoke, Fire Behavior, Fire History, Fuels, Hazard and Risk, Intelligence, Models, Weather
Region(s): Alaska, California, Eastern, Great Basin, Hawaii, Northern Rockies, Northwest, Rocky Mountain, Southern, Southwest, International, National
Keywords: aerosols, air quality, boreal forests, Canada, C - carbon, distribution, fire case histories, fire danger rating, fire management, forest management, gases, greenhouse gases, headfires, organic matter, particulates, precipitation, Quebec, rate of spread, smoke management, statistical analysis, temperature, wildfires, air quality, black carbon, climate change, greenhouse gas, particulate matter
In their classic article Allen and Gould (Allen, G.M., and E.M. Gould. 1986. Complexity, wickedness, and public forests. J. For. 84(4):20 -24) stated that the most daunting problems associated with public forest management had a ''wicked'' element: ''Wicked problems share…
Person:
Year: 2007
Type: Document
Source: TTRS
Topic(s): Fire Ecology, Climate, Emissions and Smoke, Hazard and Risk, Prescribed Fire, Regulations and Legislation, Wildland-Urban Interface (WUI)
Region(s): Alaska, California, Eastern, Great Basin, Hawaii, Northern Rockies, Northwest, Rocky Mountain, Southern, Southwest, National
Keywords: C - carbon, Cascades Range, coniferous forests, fire danger rating, fire frequency, fire intensity, fire management, fire regimes, fire suppression, forest management, climate change, Idaho, land management, liability, Montana, mosaic, Pinus contorta, Pinus ponderosa, private lands, Pseudotsuga menziesii, smoke management, thinning, Washington, wicked problems, thinning
The need to understand how forest management practices affect soil CO2 exchange with the atmosphere (soil respiration) has increased with the recognition of a likely feedback effect of climate warming on soil respiration rates. Previous research addressing the mechanisms driving…
Person:
Year: 2007
Type: Document
Source: TTRS
Topic(s): Climate, Emissions and Smoke, Fire Behavior, Fire Ecology, Fire Effects, Fire Prevention, Fuels, Hazard and Risk, Models, Prescribed Fire
Region(s): California, Great Basin
Keywords: Abies concolor, Arctostaphylos patula, Calocedrus decurrens, C - carbon, carbon dioxide, Ceanothus cordulatus, coniferous forests, fire hazard reduction, fire injuries (plants), fire management, flame length, forest management, fuel management, microclimate, moisture, mortality, national forests, Nevada, pine forests, Pinus jeffreyi, Pinus lambertiana, Pinus ponderosa, plantations, post fire recovery, Pseudotsuga menziesii, Pteridium aquilinum, Ribes roezlii, scorch, Sequoiadendron giganteum , Sierra Nevada, site treatments, soil moisture, soil nutrients, soil temperature, statistical analysis, temperature, understory vegetation, soil CO2 efflux, thinning, soil moisture, scorch height
The long-range transported smokes emitted by biomass burning had a strong impact on the PM2.5 mass concentrations in Helsinki over the 12 days period in April and May 2006. To characterize aerosols during this period, the real-time measurements were done for PM2.5, PM2.5-10,…
Person:
Year: 2007
Type: Document
Source: TTRS
Topic(s): Emissions and Smoke, Fuels, Models, Prescribed Fire
Region(s): International
Keywords: aerosols, air quality, biomass, biomass burning, broadcast burning, C - carbon, Europe, Finland, fire management, organic matter, particulates, K - potassium, smoke management, aerosols, biomass burning, chemical composition, long-range transport
The extent of carbon (C) storage in forests and the change in C stocks after harvesting are important considerations in the management of greenhouse gases. We measured changes in C storage over time (from postharvest, postburn, year 5, year 10 and year 20) in logging slash,…
Person:
Year: 2007
Type: Document
Source: TTRS
Topic(s): Climate, Emissions and Smoke, Fuels, Prescribed Fire
Region(s): Alaska, California, Eastern, Great Basin, Hawaii, Northern Rockies, Northwest, Rocky Mountain, Southern, Southwest, International, National
Keywords: biomass, British Columbia, broadcast burning, Canada, C - carbon, decay, decomposition, fire management, forest management, fuel accumulation, gases, greenhouse gases, heavy fuels, logging, mineral soils, Pinus contorta, plantations, post fire recovery, sampling, slash, soil organic matter, soils, trees, understory vegetation, wood, C sequestration, forest floors, CWD - coarse woody debris, soil organic matter
Emission factors (EFs) of pollutants from post-harvest agricultural burning are required for predicting downwind impacts of smoke and inventorying emissions. EFs of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH), methoxyphenols (NIP), levoglucosan (LG), elemental carbon (EC) and organic…
Person:
Year: 2007
Type: Document
Source: TTRS
Topic(s): Emissions and Smoke, Fire Behavior
Region(s): Great Basin, Northwest
Keywords: agriculture, air quality, C - carbon, combustion, experimental areas, fire management, grasslands, hydrocarbons, Kentucky, lignin, Oregon, particulates, Poa pratensis, range management, sampling, smoke effects, smoke management, Triticum aestivum, Washington, PAH - polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, methoxyphenol, levoglucosan, elemental carbon, organic carbon, emission factor, combustion efficiency
Savannas comprise a large area of the global land surface and are subject to frequent disturbance through fire. The role of fire as one of the primary natural carbon cycling mechanisms is a key issue in considering global change feedbacks. The savannas of Northern Australia burn…
Person:
Year: 2007
Type: Document
Source: TTRS
Topic(s): Emissions and Smoke, Fire Behavior, Fire Ecology, Fire Effects, Fire Occurrence, Fuels, Models
Region(s): International
Keywords: aerosols, air quality, Australia, biomass, C - carbon, disturbance, ecosystem dynamics, energy, eucalyptus, fine fuels, fire frequency, fire injuries (plants), fire management, fire regimes, fuel loading, grasses, heavy fuels, insects, leaves, mortality, Northern Territory of Australia, overstory, post fire recovery, savannas, scorch, shrubs, statistical analysis, wildfires, CO2 fluxes, eddy covariance, eucalyptus, Howard Springs, net biome productivity, savanna
Deserts are known to mankind, but the term desertification has always been an elusive concept. It is now defined in the United Nations Convention to Combat Desertification (UNCCD) as land degradation in the drylands (land failing within arid, semi-arid and dry sub-humid areas)…
Person:
Year: 2007
Type: Document
Source: TTRS
Topic(s): Climate, Emissions and Smoke, Fuels, Prescribed Fire, Restoration and Rehabilitation
Region(s): Alaska, California, Eastern, Great Basin, Hawaii, Northern Rockies, Northwest, Rocky Mountain, Southern, Southwest, National
Keywords: aerosols, agriculture, air quality, biomass, biomass burning, broadcast burning, C - carbon, cover, deforestation, deserts, disturbance, erosion, gases, grazing, land use, pollution, soils, vegetation surveys, wind, land degradation, land use and land cover changes, overgrazing, biomass burning and atmospheric emissions, air pollution, forest and woodland clearing, wind erosion, climate change
The once widespread Longleaf pine (Pinus palustris)-dominated ecosystems of the southeastern coastal plain of the United States have been greatly reduced in extent, and many of the remaining stands are being degraded by hardwood invasion due to fire suppression. The first step…
Person:
Year: 2007
Type: Document
Source: TTRS
Topic(s): Fire Ecology, Economics, Emissions and Smoke, Fuels, Prescribed Fire, Restoration and Rehabilitation
Region(s): Southern
Keywords: air quality, biomass, C - carbon, coastal plain, coniferous forests, ecosystem dynamics, fire frequency, fire management, fire suppression, Florida, forest management, forest products, hardwood forests, hardwoods, invasive species, Liquidambar styraciflua, longleaf pine, north Florida, Pinus palustris, Quercus hemisphaerica, Quercus nigra, savannas, smoke management, suppression, carbon offset, forest product markets, invasive hardwoods, longleaf pine restoration, Pinus palustris, restoration costs
At least three global-change phenomena are having major impacts on Amazonian forests: (1) accelerating deforestation and logging; (2) rapidly changing patterns of forest loss; and (3) interactions between human land-use and climatic variability. Additional alterations caused by…
Person:
Year: 2007
Type: Document
Source: TTRS
Topic(s): Aquatic, Climate, Emissions and Smoke, Hazard and Risk, Restoration and Rehabilitation, Social Science
Region(s): International
Keywords: agriculture, Amazon, Brazil, C - carbon, carbon dioxide, deforestation, fire danger rating, fragmentation, hunting, hydrology, land use, logging, mining, multiple resource management, rainforests, rivers, roads, runoff, slash and burn, South America, Swietenia, tropical forests, wildfires
Rice hulls are widely burnt in agricultural fields in Asia because it is difficult to find other uses for them. Farmers burn rice hulls usually under incomplete combustion conditions to avoid accidental fires. In this study we investigated carbon gas emissions from rice hull…
Person:
Year: 2007
Type: Document
Source: TTRS
Topic(s): Emissions and Smoke, Fire Behavior
Region(s): International
Keywords: agriculture, Asia, biomass, C - carbon, carbon dioxide, charcoal, combustion, cropland fires, fire management, gases, Japan, O - oxygen, statistical analysis, wind, O - oxygen, CH4 - methane, NMVOC, biomass burning, wind speed
The role of biomass burning aerosols in the climate system is still poorly quantified, in part due to uncertainties regarding the optical properties of elemental and organic carbon (EC and OC, respectively), the main constituents of pyrogenic aerosols. In this study, we utilize…
Person:
Year: 2007
Type: Document
Source: TTRS
Topic(s): Emissions and Smoke, Fire Behavior, Fuels, Models, Prescribed Fire
Region(s): International
Keywords: aerosols, air quality, biomass, biomass burning, Brazil, broadcast burning, C - carbon, chemical compounds, chemistry, combustion, fire management, flammability, light, organic matter, particulates, South America, statistical analysis, biomass burning, aerosol optical properties, refractive index, elemental carbons, organic carbon
Tropical peatlands, which coexist with swamp forests, have accumulated vast amounts of carbon as soil organic matter. Since the 1970s, however, deforestation and drainage have progressed on an enormous scale. In addition, El Nino and Southern Oscillation (ENSO) drought and large…
Person:
Year: 2007
Type: Document
Source: TTRS
Topic(s): Aquatic, Climate, Emissions and Smoke, Fire Ecology
Region(s): Alaska, California, Eastern, Great Basin, Hawaii, Northern Rockies, Northwest, Rocky Mountain, Southern, Southwest, National
Keywords: air temperature, C - carbon, carbon dioxide, croplands, decomposition, deforestation, drainage, droughts, ecosystem dynamics, ENSO, fire size, forest management, Indonesia, Kalimantan, leaves, organic matter, peat, peatlands, phenology, photosynthesis, precipitation, smoke effects, soil moisture, soil organic matter, soil temperature, tropical forests, watershed management, wildfires, CO2 balance, disturbance, drainage, drought, ENSO, fires, flux measurement, peat decomposition, Southeast Asia, tropical peat swamp forest
This paper examines the use of Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) observed active fire data (pixel counts) to refine the National Emissions Inventory (NEI) fire emission estimates for major wildfire events. This study was motivated by the extremely limited…
Person:
Year: 2007
Type: Document
Source: TTRS
Topic(s): Emissions and Smoke, Fire Behavior, Fire Ecology, Models, Prescribed Fire
Region(s): Southern
Keywords: air quality, biomass, broadcast burning, C - carbon, fire case histories, fire management, fire size, Florida, lightning caused fires, remote sensing, statistical analysis, swamps, wildfires, biomass burning, wildfire, pixel, emissions reallocation, spectroradiometer, satellite, MODIS - Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer
Total airborne mercury (TAM) and carbon monoxide (CO) were measured in 22 pollution transport ''events'' at Mt. Bachelor Observatory (MBO), USA (2.8km asl) between March 2004 and September 2005. Submicron particulate scattering (ssp), ozone (O3), and nitrogen oxides (NOy) were…
Person:
Year: 2007
Type: Document
Source: TTRS
Topic(s): Emissions and Smoke, Prescribed Fire
Region(s): Alaska, Great Basin, Northwest, International
Keywords: aerosols, air quality, Asia, biomass, biomass burning, boreal forests, broadcast burning, C - carbon, CO - carbon monoxide, Cascades Range, China, Hg - mercury, N - nitrogen, Oregon, ozone, pollution, smoke management, statistical analysis, temperature, wind, Hg - mercury, long-range transport, CD, biomass burning
An intensive field study was conducted in Sumatra, Indonesia, during a peat fire episode to investigate the physical and chemical characteristics of particulate emissions in peat smoke and to provide necessary data for source-receptor analyses. Ambient air sampling was carried…
Person:
Year: 2007
Type: Document
Source: TTRS
Topic(s): Emissions and Smoke, Fire Ecology
Region(s): Alaska, California, Eastern, Great Basin, Hawaii, Northern Rockies, Northwest, Rocky Mountain, Southern, Southwest, National
Keywords: air quality, broadcast burning, C - carbon, combustion, fire management, hydrocarbons, Indonesia, N - nitrogen, particulates, peat, peat fires, sampling, smoke effects, smoke management, Sumatra
We used both a conventional transmission electron microscope and an environmental transmission electron microscope (ETEM) to determine morphology, composition, and water uptake of 80 individual aerosol particles collected from the young smoke of flaming and smoldering fires…
Person:
Year: 2007
Type: Document
Source: TTRS
Topic(s): Emissions and Smoke, Prescribed Fire
Region(s): International
Keywords: aerosols, Africa, air quality, biomass, broadcast burning, fire management, humidity, national parks, N - nitrogen, particulates, smoke management, soot, South Africa, S - sulfur, water, water uptake, Zambia, biomass burning, deliquescence, efflorescence, ETEM, soot
Intensive collection of underground tubers of the medicinal plant Dioscorea drcgeana from indigenous forests is a threat to the wild population. Domestication of this plant is the only possible alternative to fulfill the demand of formal and informal medicinal markets in South…
Person:
Year: 2007
Type: Document
Source: TTRS
Topic(s): Emissions and Smoke, Restoration and Rehabilitation
Region(s): International
Keywords: Africa, artificial regeneration, Dioscorea, fertilizers, germination, light, moisture, N - nitrogen, nutrients, phosphorus, plant growth, K - potassium, roots, seed germination, seedlings, seeds, smoke effects, smoke management, South Africa, temperature, Dioscorea dregeana, medicinal plant, propagation, seed germination, seedling growth, tubers
From the text (pp.6-7) ... 'Another [reason periodic low-intensity fires have ceased to provide forest and land maintenance] is the culture of fire suppression in America deliberately created in the early 20th century to promote a shift to intensive forestry and away from…
Person:
Year: 2007
Type: Document
Source: TTRS
Topic(s): Economics, Emissions and Smoke, Fire Behavior, Fire Ecology, Fire Effects, Fire Occurrence, Fire Prevention, Fuels, Intelligence, Outreach, Prescribed Fire, Regulations and Legislation, Restoration and Rehabilitation, Safety, Social Science, Weather, Economics, Hazard and Risk, Wildland-Urban Interface (WUI)
Region(s): Southern, International
Keywords: age classes, air quality, artificial regeneration, backing fires, burning intervals, burning permits, C - carbon, competition, cover, crown scorch, duff, education, FEIS, fine fuels, fire dependent species, fire frequency, fire hazard reduction, fire injuries (plants), fire intensity, fire management, fire suppression, firing techniques, forest management, fuel accumulation, fuel loading, fuel management, fuel moisture, hardwood forests, herbaceous vegetation, herbicides, ignition, land use, liability, light, litter, livestock, logging, mineral soils, mortality, N - nitrogen, north Florida, nutrient cycling, pine forests, pine, Pinus echinata, Pinus elliottii, Pinus palustris, Pinus ponderosa, Pinus taeda, plant growth, population density, prescribed fires (escaped), public information, site treatments, slash, soil leaching, stand characteristics, suppression, Tall Timbers Research Station, thinning, trees, understory vegetation, wildfires, wildlife, wildlife habitat management, wind, woody fuels
Airborne and ground-based mixing ratio and flux measurements using eddy covariance (EC) and for the first time the mixed layer gradient (MLG) and mixed layer variance (MLV) techniques are used to assess the impact of isoprene and monoterpene emissions on atmospheric chemistry in…
Person:
Year: 2007
Type: Document
Source: FRAMES
Topic(s): Emissions and Smoke, Fire Effects
Region(s): International
Keywords: Amazon, proton transfer reaction mass, VOC - volatile organic carbon
Boreal forest fires are highly variable in space and time and also have variable vertical injection properties. We compared a University of Maryland Chemistry and Transport Model (UMD-CTM) simulation of boreal forest fire CO in the summer of 2000 to surface observations from the…
Person:
Year: 2007
Type: Document
Source: FRAMES
Topic(s): Emissions and Smoke, Fire Effects
Region(s): Alaska
Keywords: boreal forest fire, international, CO emissions, CO transport, injection height, mid troposphere, MOPITT - Measurement of Pollution in the Troposphere instrument, UMD-CTM - University of Maryland Chemistry and Transport Model, upper troposphere
The quality of temporal information from daily burned area inputs was evaluated using a transport and chemistry experiment. Carbon monoxide emissions from boreal forest fires were estimated using burned area inputs with daily resolution. Averaging of emissions data to create 30-…
Person:
Year: 2007
Type: Document
Source: FRAMES
Topic(s): Emissions and Smoke, Fire Effects
Region(s): Alaska, International
Keywords: Canada, AVHRR - Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer, Russia, international, boreal forest fires, CASN - Cooperative Air Sampling Network, CO emissions, MOPITT - Measurement of Pollution in the Troposphere instrument, UMD-CTM - University of Maryland Chemistry and Transport Model