Type
Topic
Region
Year
Displaying 201 - 225 of 341
Forests sequester carbon from the atmosphere, helping mitigate climate change. In fire-prone forests, burn events result in direct and indirect emissions of carbon. High fire-induced tree mortality can cause a transition from a carbon sink to source, but thinning and prescribed…
Person:
Year: 2015
Type: Document
Source: FRAMES
Topic(s): Emissions and Smoke, Fire Effects, Hazard and Risk, Prescribed Fire
Region(s): California
Keywords: carbon balance, thinning
Objectives: To assess acute respiratory effects experienced by wildland firefighters. Methods: We studied two Interagency Hotshot Crews with questionnaires, spirometry, and measurement of albumin, eosinophilic cationic protein (ECP), and myeloperoxidase (MPO) as indicators of…
Person:
Year: 2008
Type: Document
Source: FRAMES
Topic(s): Emissions and Smoke, Safety
Region(s): Alaska, California, Eastern, Great Basin, Hawaii, Northern Rockies, Northwest, Rocky Mountain, Southern, Southwest, National
Keywords: firefighter health, respiratory illness, eosinophilic cationic protein, myeloperoxidase
In this study, we quantified the production of fine particulate matter during smoldering combustion of organic peat soils common to boreal forested and non-forested ecosystems of the Great Lakes region, Northeast USA, Alaska, and Canada. Additionally, we investigated spectral…
Person:
Year: 2015
Type: Document
Source: FRAMES
Topic(s): Emissions and Smoke, Fire Effects, Fuels, Hazard and Risk, Prescribed Fire
Region(s): Eastern
Keywords: fuel moisture, Michigan, peat fires, black carbon, boreal, peat
In many areas of the United States, prescribed burning near highways is considered too risky because of the potential for smoke to obscure the highway. In one area in Florida, prescribed fire is used to reduce the risks of smoke related impacts to Interstate 95. The St Johns…
Person:
Year: 2015
Type: Document
Source: FRAMES
Topic(s): Emissions and Smoke, Fire Prevention, Prescribed Fire
Region(s): Southern
Keywords: visibility, Florida, highways
Fires set for slash-and-burn agriculture contribute to the current unsustainable accumulation of atmospheric greenhouse gases, and they also deplete the soil of essential nutrients, which compromises agricultural sustainability at local scales. Integrated assessments of…
Person:
Year: 2008
Type: Document
Source: FRAMES, TTRS
Topic(s): Climate, Emissions and Smoke
Region(s): International
Keywords: soil, agriculture, CH4 - methane, global warming, greenhouse gases, N2O - nitrous oxide, Amazon, Brazil, biomass burning, mulching, slash and burn, nitric oxide, biomass, biomass burning, fertility, gases, climate change, litter, nutrients, site treatments, soil management, soil nutrients, statistical analysis
A synthesis of data and analyses identified eight separate wildfire events (five in boreal Canada and three in the western United States) that impacted the Pittsburgh Supersite, as well as Toronto, during June and July 2002. These data also revealed a larger structure in the…
Person:
Year: 2008
Type: Document
Source: FRAMES
Topic(s): Emissions and Smoke, Fire Effects, Models, Monitoring and Inventory
Region(s): California, Eastern, Great Basin, Northern Rockies, Northwest, Rocky Mountain, Southwest, International
Keywords: boreal fire, HYSPLIT - Hybrid Single-Particle Lagrangian Integrated Trajectory, PM - particulate matter, PM2.5, air pollution, Canada, stagnant conditions, wildfires, synoptic
In many regions of the world, fires are an important and highly variable source of air pollutant emissions, and they thus constitute a significant if not dominant factor controlling the interannual variability of the atmospheric composition. This paper describes the 41-year…
Person:
Year: 2008
Type: Document
Source: FRAMES
Topic(s): Emissions and Smoke, Monitoring and Inventory
Region(s): Alaska, California, Eastern, Great Basin, Hawaii, Northern Rockies, Northwest, Rocky Mountain, Southern, Southwest, International, National
Keywords: wildland fire, wildfires, greenhouse gases, air pollutants, carbon emissions, area burned
Wildfires can cause immediate and drastic impacts on the structure and functioning of ecosystems, and there has been an increasing interest in wildfire effects on water chemistry and aquatic biota. Wildfires are increasingly recognized as a diffuse source of contamination of…
Person:
Year: 2015
Type: Document
Source: FRAMES, TTRS
Topic(s): Aquatic, Emissions and Smoke, Fire Effects, Fire Occurrence
Region(s): International
Keywords: wildfires, ash, chemical elements, PAH - polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, ecotoxicological effects, freshwater organisms, water chemistry, Portugal, fire frequency, bacteria, hydrocarbons, toxicity, water quality, fire management, forest management
Resolving environmental impacts caused by the wildland–urban interface (WUI) expansion such as wildlife habitat fragmentation, or increased fire risk entails an accurate delineating of WUI boundary and its dynamics prediction. This study identified WUIs throughout the 11 states…
Person:
Year: 2008
Type: Document
Source: FRAMES, TTRS
Topic(s): Communications, Economics, Emissions and Smoke, Fire Behavior, Fire Ecology, Fire Occurrence, Fire Prevention, Intelligence, Mapping, Monitoring and Inventory, Social Science, Wildland-Urban Interface (WUI)
Region(s): Southern
Keywords: wildfires, air quality, Alabama, Arkansas, fire damage (property), fire frequency, fire intensity, fire suppression, Florida, fragmentation, Kentucky, Georgia, land management, landscape ecology, Louisiana, Mississippi, North Carolina, population density, remote sensing, rural communities, SFP - Southern Fire Portal, South Carolina, statistical analysis, Tennessee, urban habitats, vegetation surveys, Virginia, water quality, wildlife, wildlife habitat management
The British Columbia Asthma Monitoring System (BCAMS) tracks forest fire smoke exposure and asthma-related health outcomes, identifying excursions beyond expected daily counts. Weekly reports during the wildfire season support public health and emergency management decision-…
Person:
Year: 2015
Type: Document
Source: FRAMES, TTRS
Topic(s): Emissions and Smoke, Monitoring and Inventory, Safety
Region(s): International
Keywords: Canada, British Columbia, asthma, PM2.5, wildfires, PM - particulate matter, exposure, public health, season of fire, air quality, diseases, particulates, fire management, smoke management
The Wildland Fire Emissions Information System (WFEIS) was developed under NASA Carbon Cycle Science and Applications programs to provide a consistent approach to estimating emissions at continental to sub-continental scales (see http://wfeis.mtri.org). We present an overview of…
Person:
Year: 2015
Type: Document
Source: FRAMES
Topic(s): Emissions and Smoke, Fire Behavior, Intelligence, Monitoring and Inventory
Region(s): Alaska, California, Eastern, Great Basin, Northern Rockies, Northwest, Rocky Mountain, Southern, Southwest
Keywords: WFEIS - Wildland Fire Emissions Information System, web-based system, tools, wildfires, wildland fire, fuel consumption, burned area, CO2 - carbon dioxide
Most of climate change is understood in terms of global-scale warming caused by carbon dioxide released from anthropogenic combustion of fossil fuels. Climate models predict slow but steady warming over the next five to ten decades. Developing fire and smoke management…
Person:
Year: 2015
Type: Document
Source: FRAMES
Topic(s): Climate, Emissions and Smoke, Fire Prevention, Models, Planning
Region(s): Alaska, California, Eastern, Great Basin, Hawaii, Northern Rockies, Northwest, Rocky Mountain, Southern, Southwest, International, National
Keywords: fire management, smoke management, climate change, arctic warming
The International Smoke Symposium was held in Hyattsville, Maryland at the University of Maryland University College, USA, October 21-24, 2013. The objective of this symposium was to bring together air quality, fire, and smoke specialists from the research community, non-…
Person:
Year: 2015
Type: Document
Source: FRAMES
Topic(s): Emissions and Smoke, Fire Behavior, Mapping, Models, Monitoring and Inventory, Prescribed Fire, Safety
Region(s): Alaska, California, Eastern, Great Basin, Hawaii, Northern Rockies, Northwest, Rocky Mountain, Southern, Southwest, International, National
Keywords: conference proceedings, fire management, smoke management, smoke exposure
Satellite measurements have been widely used to estimate particulate matters (PMs) on the ground and their effects on human health. However, such estimation depends critically on an established relation between aerosol optical depth (AOD) and ground level PMs. In this study we…
Person:
Year: 2015
Type: Document
Source: FRAMES
Topic(s): Emissions and Smoke, Models
Region(s): International
Keywords: China, MODIS - Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer, PM10, aerosol optical properties, geographically weighted regression, fire count
Large fires or 'megafires' have been a major topic in wildland fire research and management for over a decade. There is great debate regarding the impacts of large fires. Many believe that they (1) are occurring too frequently, (2) are burning abnormally large areas, (3) cause…
Person:
Year: 2015
Type: Document
Source: FRAMES
Topic(s): Emissions and Smoke, Fire Behavior, Fire Ecology, Fire Effects, Fire Occurrence, Fuels, Prescribed Fire
Region(s): Alaska, California, Eastern, Great Basin, Hawaii, Northern Rockies, Northwest, Rocky Mountain, Southern, Southwest, International, National
Keywords: fire management, social consequences, political consequences
Wildfires are an ongoing concern where there is dry, hot weather. During a wildfire, people throughout the surrounding area may suffer the effects of forest fire smoke. If you have respiratory problems such as asthma, emphysema and bronchitis or a chronic heart disease, we urge…
Person:
Year: 2015
Type: Document
Source: FRAMES
Topic(s): Emissions and Smoke, Fire Effects, Safety
Region(s): Alaska, California, Eastern, Great Basin, Hawaii, Northern Rockies, Northwest, Rocky Mountain, Southern, Southwest, National
Keywords: public health, respiratory protection
Within minutes after emission, complex photochemistry in biomass burning smoke plumes can cause large changes in the concentrations of ozone (O3) and organic aerosol (OA). Being able to understand and simulate this rapid chemical evolution under a wide variety of conditions is a…
Person:
Year: 2015
Type: Document
Source: FRAMES
Topic(s): Emissions and Smoke, Models, Prescribed Fire
Region(s): California
Keywords: chaparral, ozone, biomass burning, O3 - ozone, SVOC - semi-volatile organic compounds, organic aerosols
The role of fire in shaping plant traits in crown fire ecosystems is well understood, but little attention has been given to surface fire ecosystems. We studied the effect of fire-related cues (heat shock and smoke) on the germination and early seedling growth of 21 herbaceous…
Person:
Year: 2015
Type: Document
Source: FRAMES, TTRS
Topic(s): Emissions and Smoke, Fire Effects, Fire Occurrence
Region(s): International
Keywords: heat shock, regeneration traits, seedlings, Turkey, surface fire, temperate grasslands, fire intensity, heat effects, smoke effects, herbaceous vegetation, plant growth, regeneration, seed germination, seedlings, fire management, range management, grasslands, Mediterranean habitats
Smoke from forest fires can limit forest management actions because of down-wind impacts. Public controversy can result from the vast distances smoke disperses over residential, work, recreation, and transportation areas. Pyne, Andrews, and Laven (1996) aptly describe why fires…
Person:
Year: 2015
Type: Document
Source: FRAMES
Topic(s): Emissions and Smoke, Models, Social Science, Wildland-Urban Interface (WUI)
Region(s): Northern Rockies, Southern
Keywords: air quality, risk perception, smoke impacts, public perceptions
We estimated emissions of carbon, as equivalent CO2 (CO2e), from planned fires in four sites in a south-eastern Australian forest. Emission estimates were calculated using measurements of fuel load and carbon content of different fuel types, before and after burning, and…
Person:
Year: 2015
Type: Document
Source: FRAMES, TTRS
Topic(s): Emissions and Smoke, Fuels, Prescribed Fire
Region(s): International
Keywords: Australia, C - carbon, fuel loading, air quality, litter, Victoria, fire management, forest management
Recent research has shown that exposing seeds to smoke stimulates germination for a multitude of plant species, including several species in the genus Penstemon (Scrophulariaceae). I evaluated whether smoke, either alone or followed by 10 wk of stratification (moist prechilling…
Person:
Year: 2015
Type: Document
Source: FRAMES
Topic(s): Emissions and Smoke
Region(s): Rocky Mountain
Keywords: germination, Penstemon, stratification, beardtongues, Scrophulariaceae
The Fire, Fuel, and Smoke Science Program (FFS) of the U.S. Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station focuses on fundamental and applied research in wildland fire, from fire physics and fire ecology to fuels management and smoke emissions. Located at the Missoula Fire…
Person:
Year: 2015
Type: Document
Source: FRAMES
Topic(s): Climate, Emissions and Smoke, Fire Behavior, Fire Ecology, Fire Effects, Fuels, Models
Region(s): Alaska, California, Eastern, Great Basin, Hawaii, Northern Rockies, Northwest, Rocky Mountain, Southern, Southwest, National
Keywords: fire management, fuel dynamics, wildland fire, climate change, research, fuel management, research accomplishment report, fire physics
Biomass burning is known to contribute large quantities of CO2, CO, and PM2.5 to the atmosphere. Biomass burning not only affects the area in the vicinity of fire but may also impact the air quality far downwind from the fire. The 2007 and 2012 western U.S. wildfire seasons were…
Person:
Year: 2015
Type: Document
Source: FRAMES
Topic(s): Emissions and Smoke, Models
Region(s): Great Basin
Keywords: PM2.5, CO2 - carbon dioxide, CO - carbon monoxide, Utah, wildfire, WRF - Weather Research and Forecasting
Management of smoke from prescribed fires requires knowledge of fuel quantity and the amount and composition of the smoke produced by the fire to minimize adverse impacts on human health. A five-year study produced new emissions information for more than 100 trace gases and…
Person:
Year: 2015
Type: Document
Source: FRAMES
Topic(s): Emissions and Smoke, Fuels, Prescribed Fire
Region(s): Southern
Keywords: longleaf pine, Pinus palustris, smoldering, emission factors, pocosin, flaming, residual smoldering, trace gases, infrared spectroscopy, smoke particulates
The balance between ecosystem emissions of carbon to the atmosphere and removals from the atmosphere indicates whether ecosystems are exacerbating or reducing climate change. Forest ecosystems in the State of California, USA, contain carbon that reaches the highest densities (…
Person:
Year: 2015
Type: Document
Source: FRAMES
Topic(s): Climate, Emissions and Smoke, Fire Effects, Fuels, Mapping, Models
Region(s): California
Keywords: aboveground biomass, fire suppression, forest ecosystems, FIA - Forest Inventory and Analysis, LANDFIRE, remote sensing, fuel accumulation, wildfire, urban areas, aboveground live carbon, California Global Warming Solutions Act of 2006, agricultural areas