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Smoke summits work toward achieving both air quality and prescribed fire goals

In late February 2019, the Southeast Prescribed Fire and Smoke Management Summit IV convened at the Jones Center at Ichauway in southwest Georgia. The Summit provided a platform for approximately 40 state prescribed fire managers and policy makers, federal, state, and local air…
Person:
Year: 2019
Type: Document
Source: FRAMES
Topic(s): Emissions and Smoke, Outreach, Prescribed Fire
Region(s): Southern
Keywords: air quality, Jones Ecological Research Center, Georgia, smoke management, Southeast Prescribed Fire and Smoke Management Summit IV

Weather radar insights into the turbulent dynamics of a wildfire-triggered supercell thunderstorm

Understanding wildfire‐atmosphere interactions is key to improved accuracy of predictions of wildfire behavior. This is needed for improved preparedness to mitigate loss of life and property during wildfire events, particularly for situations with strong fire‐atmosphere coupling…
Person:
Year: 2019
Type: Document
Source: FRAMES
Topic(s): Emissions and Smoke, Fire Behavior, Weather
Region(s): International
Keywords: Australia, radar, wildfires, fire-atmosphere interaction, pyroconvection, plume dynamics, thunderstorms

Unprecedented atmospheric ammonia concentrations detected in the high Arctic from the 2017 Canadian wildfires

From 17-22 August 2017 simultaneous enhancements of ammonia (NH3), carbon monoxide (CO), hydrogen cyanide (HCN), and ethane (C2H6) were detected from ground‐based solar absorption Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopic measurements at two high‐Arctic sites: Eureka (80.…
Person:
Year: 2019
Type: Document
Source: FRAMES
Topic(s): Emissions and Smoke, Fire Effects
Region(s): International
Keywords: Canada, Greenland, ammonia, Arctic, FTIR - Fourier transform infrared absorption spectroscopy , wildfires, MODIS - Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer

Modeling wildfire smoke feedback mechanisms using a coupled fire-atmosphere model with a radiatively active aerosol scheme

During the summer of 2015, a number of large wildfires burned across northern California in areas of localized topographic relief. Persistent valley smoke hindered fire‐fighting efforts, delayed helicopter operations, and exposed communities to extreme concentrations of…
Person:
Year: 2019
Type: Document
Source: FRAMES
Topic(s): Emissions and Smoke, Fire Behavior, Fire Effects, Models
Region(s): California
Keywords: wildfires, inversion, WRF-Fire, WRF-SFIRE, WRF-SFIRE-CHEM

Estimating fire smoke related health burden and novel tools to manage impacts on urban populations - Final Report to the Joint Fire Science Program

Fire smoke is a major contributor to both particulate matter (PM) and ozone exposure in urban centers. Epidemiological, clinical, and toxicological studies have demonstrated a casual relationship between these pollutants and cardiovascular and respiratory related deaths and…
Person:
Year: 2019
Type: Document
Source: FRAMES
Topic(s): Economics, Emissions and Smoke, Fire Effects, Hazard and Risk, Models
Region(s): Alaska, California, Eastern, Great Basin, Hawaii, Northern Rockies, Northwest, Rocky Mountain, Southern, Southwest, International, National
Keywords: Australia, human health, health impacts, PM - particulate matter, air quality, literature review

Estimating Fire Smoke Related Health Burden and Novel Tools to Manage Impacts on Urban Populations

Fire smoke is a major contributor to both particulate matter (PM) and ozone exposure in urban centers. Epidemiological, clinical, and toxicological studies have demonstrated a casual relationship between these pollutants and cardiovascular and respiratory related deaths and…
Person:
Year: 2019
Type: Project
Source: FRAMES
Topic(s): Economics, Emissions and Smoke, Fire Effects, Models
Region(s): Alaska, California, Eastern, Great Basin, Hawaii, Northern Rockies, Northwest, Rocky Mountain, Southern, Southwest, International, National
Keywords: PM - particulate matter, human health, health impacts, air quality, smoke exposure, Australia, health risk

An assessment of surface and atmospheric conditions associated with the extreme 2014 wildfire season in Canada's Northwest Territories

Weather and climate are major factors influencing worldwide wildfire activity. This study assesses surface and atmospheric conditions associated with the 2014 extreme wildfires in the Northwest Territories (NWT) of Canada. Hot and dry conditions led to the NWT experiencing the…
Person:
Year: 2019
Type: Document
Source: FRAMES
Topic(s): Climate, Emissions and Smoke, Weather
Region(s): International
Keywords: lightning, wildfires, NWT - Northwest Territories, circulation, extremes, Canada, air quality

Factors affecting smoke and crystalline silica exposure among wildland firefighters

Smoke exposure data among U.S. wildland firefighters for carbon monoxide, respirable particulate and respirable crystalline silica are presented from a field surveillance program between 2009 and 2012. Models to predict fireline-average exposure to each inhalation hazard were…
Person:
Year: 2019
Type: Document
Source: FRAMES
Topic(s): Emissions and Smoke, Fire Prevention, Models, Prescribed Fire, Safety
Region(s): Alaska, California, Eastern, Great Basin, Hawaii, Northern Rockies, Northwest, Rocky Mountain, Southern, Southwest, National
Keywords: CO - carbon monoxide, firefighters, quartz, silica, wildfires, smoke exposure, firefighter health

Wildfire associated health risks impacting farmers and ranchers

The incidence of large, uncontained wildfires in North America has increased in recent years, significantly impacting both urban and agriculturally-focused areas. The physical damage and health pressures left in the wake of uncontrolled fires has especially devastated farm and…
Person:
Year: 2019
Type: Document
Source: FRAMES
Topic(s): Emissions and Smoke, Fire Effects, Hazard and Risk
Region(s): Alaska, California, Eastern, Great Basin, Hawaii, Northern Rockies, Northwest, Rocky Mountain, Southern, Southwest, National
Keywords: respiratory health, wildfires, agricultural health, human health

Shifting Opportunities for Prescribed Fire in the Southeast in a Changing Climate

Adam Terando will review the results of a collaborative project with Dr. John Kupfer of the University of South Carolina and Kevin Hiers of Tall Timbers Reserach station. Wildfires are a focus for many studies seeking to define risks associated with climate change, but the total…
Person: Terando
Year: 2019
Type: Media
Source: FRAMES
Topic(s): Climate, Emissions and Smoke, Fire Ecology, Fire Effects, Hazard and Risk, Models, Prescribed Fire, Restoration and Rehabilitation, Weather
Region(s): Southern
Keywords: climate change, longleaf pine, annual mean temperature, precipitation, fire management, acres burned, MACA - multivariate adaptive constructive analogs, greenhouse gases, burning criteria

Development of a low-cost air sensor package and indoor air quality monitoring in a California middle school: detection of a distant wildfire

A low-cost air sensor package was used to monitor indoor air quality (IAQ) in a classroom at the Albany Middle School in the San Francisco Bay Area of California. A rapid increase in carbon dioxide (CO2) was observed in the classroom as soon as it is occupied. When the classroom…
Person:
Year: 2019
Type: Document
Source: FRAMES
Topic(s): Emissions and Smoke, Fire Effects, Safety
Region(s): California
Keywords: air sensing, CO2 - carbon dioxide, PM - particulate matter, air pollution, wildfires, public health

Quantifying carbon and species dynamics under different fire regimes in a southeastern U.S. pineland

Forests have a prominent role in carbon sequestration and storage. Climate change and anthropogenic forcing have altered the dominant characteristics of some forested ecosystems through changes to their disturbance regimes, particularly fire. Ecosystems that historically burned…
Person:
Year: 2019
Type: Document
Source: FRAMES
Topic(s): Emissions and Smoke, Fire Ecology, Fire Effects, Models, Prescribed Fire
Region(s): Southern
Keywords: carbon sequestration, Deciduous Oaks, ecosystem modeling, Ichauway, landscape disturbance, succession, longleaf pine, Pinus palustris, savannas, wildfires, fire regimes, fire exclusion, Georgia, species composition

Lagrangian simulation of smoke plume from fire and validation using ground-based lidar and aircraft measurements

A new method to calculate the plume rise of smoke emitted from fires is evaluated. We perform numerical simulations of the plumes originated by fires from prescribed burnings. The field experiments, carried out in August 2013 in Idaho and Washington States (USA), are considered…
Person:
Year: 2019
Type: Document
Source: FRAMES
Topic(s): Emissions and Smoke, Models, Prescribed Fire
Region(s): Great Basin, Northwest
Keywords: fire simulation, plume rise, dispersion model, LiDAR - Light Detection and Ranging, Idaho, Washington

Estimation of biomass-burning emissions by fusing the fire radiative power retrievals from polar-orbiting and geostationary satellites across the conterminous United States

Biomass burning is an important source of atmospheric greenhouse gases and aerosols, and its emissions can be estimated using Fire Radiative Power (FRP) retrievals from polar-orbiting and geostationary satellites. Accurate and timely estimation of biomass-burning emissions (BBE…
Person:
Year: 2019
Type: Document
Source: FRAMES
Topic(s): Emissions and Smoke, Fire Effects
Region(s): California, Eastern, Great Basin, Northern Rockies, Northwest, Rocky Mountain, Southern, Southwest
Keywords: biomass burning, PM2.5, FRP - Fire Radiative Power, MODIS - Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer, GOES - Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellite

Local emissions and regional wildfires influence refractory black carbon observations near Palmer Station, Antarctica

Antarctica is often regarded as the most pristine continent on Earth. However, local human activity can be significant point sources of production of contaminants, as well as light absorbing aerosols, such as black carbon (BC). In May 2015, over the Austral fall season (at the…
Person:
Year: 2019
Type: Document
Source: FRAMES
Topic(s): Emissions and Smoke, Fire Effects
Region(s): International
Keywords: black carbon, Antarctica, snow, wildfires, biomass burning, fossil fuels

Carbon dioxide balance in early-successional forests after forest fires in interior Alaska

Fire is the major disturbance in North American boreal forests, and is thought to be the most important process that determines the carbon balance in North American boreal forests. This study conducted four years of tower flux measurements in a burned ecosystem from one to four…
Person:
Year: 2019
Type: Document
Source: FRAMES
Topic(s): Emissions and Smoke, Fire Effects
Region(s): Alaska
Keywords: CO2 - carbon dioxide, eddy covariance, CO2 flux, young forests, forest fire, boreal forest

Assessment of occupant-behavior-based indoor air quality and its impacts on human exposure risk: a case study based on the wildfires in northern California

The recent wildfires in California, U.S., have caused not only significant losses to human life and property, but also serious environmental and health issues. Ambient air pollution from combustion during the fires could increase indoor exposure risks to toxic gases and…
Person:
Year: 2019
Type: Document
Source: FRAMES
Topic(s): Emissions and Smoke, Fire Effects, Models, Safety
Region(s): California
Keywords: human exposure, indoor air quality, occupant behavior, respiratory injury, wildfires, CFD - Computational Fluid Dynamics, human health, air pollutants

Oregon Smoke Management Plan Update 2019

Person: Yonker
Year: 2019
Type: Media
Source: FRAMES
Topic(s): Emissions and Smoke, Fire Effects
Region(s): Alaska, California, Eastern, Great Basin, Hawaii, Northern Rockies, Northwest, Rocky Mountain, Southern, Southwest, National
Keywords: NAAQS - National Ambient Air Quality Standards, Clean Air Act, smoke management, PM2.5, PM - particulate matter, Oregon

The dry cold front vs the inversion: a case study in the numerous complications of mixing out an inversion - Central Complex August 2004

The Dry Cold Front vs the Inversion: A Case Study in the Numerous Complications of Mixing out an Inversion. Central Complex Aug 21-24, 2004. Presentation for the 2005 IMET Workshop in Boise, ID. This one is less a critical fire weather pattern case study and more about the…
Person:
Year: 2019
Type: Document
Source: FRAMES
Topic(s): Emissions and Smoke, Fire Behavior, Models, Weather
Region(s): Alaska
Keywords: cold front, inversion, smoke, RAWS station, fire behavior

Wildland fire research framework 2019-2022

The purpose of this document is to outline the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency’s (EPA’s) wildland fire priorities and coordinate the EPA Office of Research and Development’s (ORD’s) wildland-fire-related research across multiple National Research Programs (NRPs) to be…
Person:
Year: 2019
Type: Document
Source: FRAMES
Topic(s): Aquatic, Climate, Emissions and Smoke, Fire Effects, Models, Planning, Prescribed Fire, Safety, Wildland-Urban Interface (WUI)
Region(s): Alaska, California, Eastern, Great Basin, Hawaii, Northern Rockies, Northwest, Rocky Mountain, Southern, Southwest, National
Keywords: public health, wildfires, health effects, Clean Air Act, AQI - Air Quality Index, air pollution, PM - particulate matter, water quality, climate change, agency coordination

Dual deep learning model for image based smoke detection

Image-based smoke detection could help in faster and robust detection and monitoring of wildfires. It is becoming the best alternate of sensor based detectors for early detection of wildfire. The limitations of sensor based detector is that, they need close vicinity to fire for…
Person:
Year: 2019
Type: Document
Source: FRAMES
Topic(s): Emissions and Smoke, Fire Occurrence, Models
Region(s): Alaska, California, Eastern, Great Basin, Hawaii, Northern Rockies, Northwest, Rocky Mountain, Southern, Southwest, International, National
Keywords: smoke detection, deep learning, deep convolutional neural network model, superpixel segmentation, optical flow

Associations between respiratory health and ozone and fine particulate matter during a wildfire event

Wildfires have been increasing in frequency in the western United States (US) with the 2017 and 2018 fire seasons experiencing some of the worst wildfires in terms of suppression costs and air pollution that the western US has seen. Although growing evidence suggests respiratory…
Person:
Year: 2019
Type: Document
Source: FRAMES
Topic(s): Emissions and Smoke, Models
Region(s): Alaska, California, Eastern, Great Basin, Hawaii, Northern Rockies, Northwest, Rocky Mountain, Southern, Southwest, National
Keywords: wildfires, O3 - ozone, PM - particulate matter, respiratory disease, PM2.5, human health, NAAQS - National Ambient Air Quality Standards

Needs assessment report: awareness and attitudes about fire in Florida

From the text...'The telephone survey of 675 rural and suburban residents of North and Central Florida provides some very useful direction for the development of the Fire Education Toolkit program. Key messages that have been identified by extension agents and home landscaping…
Person:
Year: 2005
Type: Document
Source: TTRS
Topic(s): Climate, Economics, Emissions and Smoke, Fire Behavior, Fire Ecology, Fire Effects, Fire Occurrence, Fire Prevention, Intelligence, Outreach, Prescribed Fire, Regulations and Legislation, Social Science, Wildland-Urban Interface (WUI)
Region(s): Southern
Keywords: aesthetics, air quality, burning intervals, burning permits, central Florida, education, fire control, fire damage (property), fire frequency, fire injuries (animals), flammability, Florida, forest management, grasslands, grazing, health factors, human caused fires, land use, landscape ecology, liability, lightning caused fires, natural areas management, north Florida, pine forests, Pinus, public information, rural communities, sampling, shrublands, smoke behavior, smoke management, statistical analysis, swamps, wilderness areas, wilderness fire management, wildfires, wildlife, wildlife habitat management

Using satellite fire detection to calibrate components of the Fire Weather Index system in Malaysia and Indonesia

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Person:
Year: 2005
Type: Document
Source: TTRS
Topic(s): Climate, Emissions and Smoke, Fire Ecology, Fire Prevention, Fuels, Weather
Region(s): Alaska, California, Eastern, Great Basin, Hawaii, Northern Rockies, Northwest, Rocky Mountain, Southern, Southwest, International, National
Keywords: biomass, Canada, droughts, fine fuels, fire danger rating, fire frequency, fire management, fire size, fire suppression, flammability, forest management, fuel loading, fuel moisture, Indonesia, land use, litter, Malaysia, pollution, remote sensing, smoke effects, spot fires, statistical analysis, tropical forests, vegetation surveys, wildfires, fire management, tropical forest management, vegetation fires, forest fires, land fires, hotspots, fire detection

Growth, water relations and photosynthesis of seedlings and resprouts after fire

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Person:
Year: 2005
Type: Document
Source: TTRS
Topic(s): Emissions and Smoke, Fire Behavior, Fire Ecology, Fire Effects
Region(s): International
Keywords: age classes, Arbutus, Arbutus unedo, ash, biogeochemical cycles, Cistus spp., Cistus monspeliensis, deciduous forests, droughts, ecosystem dynamics, Europe, fire injuries (plants), forest management, gases, leaves, Mediterranean habitats, mortality, nutrient cycling, Phillyrea latifolia, photosynthesis, Pistacia, Pistacia lentiscus, plant growth, Portugal, post fire recovery, Quercus coccifera , radiation, regeneration, resprouting, roots, Rosmarinus officinalis, sclerophyll forests, seed germination, seedlings, statistical analysis, volatilization, water, water uptake, wildfires, Arbutus unedo, Cistus spp., drought semi-deciduous species, evergreen sclerophylls, leafwater potential, leaf conductance, Pistacia lentiscus