Type
Topic
Region
Year
Displaying 1 - 25 of 53
Addressing wildfire is not simply a fire management, fire operations, or wildland-urban interface problem - it is a larger, more complex land management and societal issue. The vision for the next century is to: Safely and effectively extinguish fire, when needed; use fire where…
Person:
Year: 2011
Type: Document
Source: FRAMES
Topic(s): Administration, Aquatic, Aviation, Climate, Communications, Economics, Emissions and Smoke, Fire Behavior, Fire Ecology, Fire Effects, Fire History, Fire Occurrence, Fire Prevention, Fuels, Hazard and Risk, Intelligence, Logistics, Mapping, Models, Monitoring and Inventory, Outreach, Planning, Prescribed Fire, Regulations and Legislation, Restoration and Rehabilitation, Safety, Social Science, Weather, Wildland-Urban Interface (WUI)
Region(s): Alaska, California, Eastern, Great Basin, Hawaii, Northern Rockies, Northwest, Rocky Mountain, Southern, Southwest, National
Keywords: wildfire, wildland fire, National Cohesive Wildland Fire Management Strategy (Cohesive Strategy)
The MOPITT (Measurements Of Pollution In The Troposphere) CO measurements over a 10-year period (2000-2009) reveal consistently positive trends on the order of 0.13-0.19 x 1016 mol cm-2 per month in CO total column concentrations over the entire globe and the hemispheres. Two…
Person:
Year: 2011
Type: Document
Source: TTRS
Topic(s): Climate, Emissions and Smoke, Weather
Region(s): Alaska, California, Eastern, Great Basin, Hawaii, Northern Rockies, Northwest, Rocky Mountain, Southern, Southwest, International, National
Keywords: biomass burning, wildfires, air quality, carbon dioxide, CO - carbon monoxide, ENSO - El Nino Southern Oscillation, hydrocarbons, CH4 - methane, fire management, MOPITT CO
Introduction: Environmental contaminants are groups of unwanted, ubiquitous chemicals, found in food via weathering of the earth's crust, combustion (natural or anthropogenic), industrial uses or as unwanted bi-products of manufacturing processes. Evidence suggests that the…
Person:
Year: 2011
Type: Document
Source: TTRS
Topic(s): Aquatic, Climate, Emissions and Smoke, Fire Effects, Safety
Region(s): Alaska, California, Eastern, Great Basin, Hawaii, Northern Rockies, Northwest, Rocky Mountain, Southern, Southwest, International, National
Keywords: fire frequency, wildfires, agriculture, chemical compounds, chemical elements, diseases, disturbance, climate change, health factors, hydrocarbons, toxicity, water, water quality, fire management, land management, environmental contaminants, food, forest fires, human exposure, mercury methylation, water re-use
Crop residue burning is an extensive agricultural practice in the contiguous United States (CONUS). This analysis presents the results of a remote sensing-based study of crop residue burning emissions in the CONUS for the time period 2003-2007 for the atmospheric species of…
Person:
Year: 2011
Type: Document
Source: TTRS
Topic(s): Emissions and Smoke, Fire Behavior, Fuels, Mapping, Models
Region(s): Alaska, California, Eastern, Great Basin, Hawaii, Northern Rockies, Northwest, Rocky Mountain, Southern, Southwest, National
Keywords: cropland fires, agriculture, air quality, remote sensing, Great Plains, Arkansas, Florida, Idaho, Texas, Washington, fire management, range management, croplands, CO2 - carbon dioxide, CH4 - methane, CO - carbon monoxide, NO2 - nitrogen dioxide, SO2 - sulfur dioxide, PM2.5, PM10, MODIS - Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer
Coarse woody debris serves many functions in forest ecosystem processes and has important implications for fire management as it affects air quality, soil heating and carbon budgets when it combusts. There is relatively little research evaluating the physical properties relating…
Person:
Year: 2011
Type: Document
Source: FRAMES, TTRS
Topic(s): Emissions and Smoke, Fire Behavior, Fire Ecology, Fire Prevention, Fuels, Models, Weather
Region(s): Alaska, California, Eastern, Great Basin, Hawaii, Northern Rockies, Northwest, Rocky Mountain, Southern, Southwest, International, National
Keywords: combustion, fine fuels, fuel moisture, fuel loading, fuel types, heavy fuels, ignition, air quality, bark, C - carbon, cover type, decomposition, duff, fungi, litter, overstory, plant physiology, roots, slash, snags, soil temperature, wind, Australia, Costa Rica, Central America, New Zealand, ecosystem dynamics, fire management, forest management, fuel management, coniferous forests, pine hardwood forests, CWD - coarse woody debris, FERA - Fire and Environmental Research Applications Team, thermal properties
From the text ... 'Welcome to the new era of 'megafires,' which rage with such intensity that no human force can put them out. Their main causes, climate change and fire suppression, are fueling a heated debate about how to stop them.'
Person:
Year: 2011
Type: Document
Source: TTRS
Topic(s): Emissions and Smoke, Fire Ecology, Fire History, Fire Prevention, Fuels, Climate, Fire Behavior
Region(s): Alaska, California, Eastern, Great Basin, Hawaii, Northern Rockies, Northwest, Rocky Mountain, Southern, Southwest, National
Keywords: catastrophic fires, crown fires, experimental fires, fire intensity, fire size, fire suppression, fire whirls, fuel accumulation, lightning caused fires, rate of spread, wildfires, woody fuels, climate change, litter, storms, fire management, forest management, fuel management, land management
BACKGROUND: During the summer of 2003 numerous fires burned in British Columbia, Canada. OBJECTIVES: We examined the associations between respiratory and cardiovascular physician visits and hospital admissions, and three measures of smoke exposure over a 92-day study period (1…
Person:
Year: 2011
Type: Document
Source: TTRS
Topic(s): Emissions and Smoke
Region(s): Alaska
Keywords: smoke effects, wildfires, air quality, health factors, particulates, British Columbia, Canada, fire management, forest management, smoke management, biomass smoke, cohort study, exposure assessment, particulate matter, population-based
From the text...'FOFEM 4.0-A First Order Fire Effects Model-is a computer program developed to meet the needs of resource managers, planners, and analysts in predicting and planning for fire effects. Quantitative predictions of fire effects are needed for planning prescribed…
Person:
Year: 1998
Type: Document
Source: TTRS
Topic(s): Emissions and Smoke, Fire Ecology, Fuels, Models, Planning, Prescribed Fire
Region(s): Alaska, California, Eastern, Great Basin, Hawaii, Northern Rockies, Northwest, Rocky Mountain, Southern, Southwest, National
Keywords: computer programs, fuel moisture, logging, mortality, post fire recovery, smoke management, wildfires
Poster abstract...A First Order Fire Effects Model (FOFEM) was developed to predict the direct consequences of prescribed fire and wildfire. FOFEM was designed for application to most areas of the United States. First order fire effects are the immediate or direct results of a…
Person:
Year: 1998
Type: Document
Source: TTRS
Topic(s): Emissions and Smoke, Fire Ecology, Fuels, Models, Prescribed Fire
Region(s): Alaska, California, Eastern, Great Basin, Hawaii, Northern Rockies, Northwest, Rocky Mountain, Southern, Southwest, National
Keywords: computer programs, cover, cover type, duff, ecosystem dynamics, fire danger rating, fire management, fuel models, land management, mineral soils, mortality, Oregon, smoke effects, Washington, wildfires, wildlife, woody fuels
From the text...'If you are not using a Public Information Officer on your prescribed burn projects, you should consider doing so. A PIO will provide a valuable service. As you scramble to get the needed resources, equipment and weather data, they can concentrate on informing…
Person:
Year: 1998
Type: Document
Source: TTRS
Topic(s): Fire Ecology, Emissions and Smoke, Fuels, Prescribed Fire
Region(s): Alaska, California, Eastern, Great Basin, Hawaii, Northern Rockies, Northwest, Rocky Mountain, Southern, Southwest, National
Keywords: air quality, education, fire management, pH, public information
From the Abstract: 'Fire managers face various problems, including: A. Classic urban interface issues. 1. Endangerment of private property, especially structures. 2. Air quality and smoke management. 3. Loss of cost-effectiveness by managing fire on extremely small parcels. B.…
Person:
Year: 1998
Type: Document
Source: TTRS
Topic(s): Fire Ecology, Economics, Emissions and Smoke, Wildland-Urban Interface (WUI)
Region(s): Alaska, California, Eastern, Great Basin, Hawaii, Northern Rockies, Northwest, Rocky Mountain, Southern, Southwest, National
Keywords: air quality, education, fire management, Florida, fragmentation, introduced species, Pinus, public information, rocky habitats, smoke management, south Florida, wildlife
[no description entered]
Person:
Year: 1998
Type: Document
Source: TTRS
Topic(s): Emissions and Smoke, Fire Behavior, Fire Ecology, Fire History, Fire Prevention, Fuels, Hazard and Risk, Planning, Prescribed Fire
Region(s): Alaska, California, Eastern, Great Basin, Hawaii, Northern Rockies, Northwest, Rocky Mountain, Southern, Southwest, International, National
Keywords: ecosystem dynamics, Europe, Finland, fire case histories, fire exclusion, fire management, fire regimes, fire suppression, forest management, human caused fires, lightning caused fires, national forests, national parks, rural communities, Russia, suppression, wilderness fire management, wildfires
The level of protection to fauna provided by tree cavities during wildland fires is not well understood. Here we present a model for estimating the transport of combustion gases into cylindrical, single-entrance cavities during exposures caused by different wildland fire…
Person:
Year: 2011
Type: Document
Source: FRAMES, TTRS
Topic(s): Emissions and Smoke, Fire Effects, Fuels, Models, Prescribed Fire
Region(s): Alaska, California, Eastern, Great Basin, Hawaii, Northern Rockies, Northwest, Rocky Mountain, Southern, Southwest, National
Keywords: cavity trees, fauna, cavities, field experimental fires, fine fuels, fire dependent species, surface fires, wildfires, CO - carbon monoxide, cavity nesting birds, gases, litter, statistical analysis, threatened and endangered species, wind, Picoides borealis, red-cockaded woodpeckers, fire management, forest management, fuel management, wildlife habitat management, wildlife management
Forest fires usually spread out of control very quickly. Fires that produce a lot of smoke are particularly challenging for the emergency services, because the source of the fire is then especially hard to find. A new radiometric sensor can pinpoint the heart of the flames, even…
Person:
Year: 2011
Type: Document
Source: FRAMES
Topic(s): Emissions and Smoke, Mapping
Region(s): Alaska, California, Eastern, Great Basin, Hawaii, Northern Rockies, Northwest, Rocky Mountain, Southern, Southwest, International, National
Keywords: fire detection, radiometer
Alaskan forests used to be important players in Mother Nature's game plan for regulating carbon dioxide levels in the air. It's elementary earth science: Trees take up carbon dioxide and give off oxygen. But now, American and Canadian researchers report that climate change is…
Person:
Year: 2011
Type: Document
Source: FRAMES
Topic(s): Climate, Emissions and Smoke, Fire Occurrence
Region(s): Alaska
Keywords: fire frequency, fire severity, carbon emissions, climate change, boreal forests, carbon sources
Fundamentals of Combustion Processes serves students as a textbook for an upper-division undergraduate and graduate level combustion course in mechanical engineering. The authors focus on fundamental theory of combustion and provide a simplified discussion of basic combustion…
Person:
Year: 2011
Type: Document
Source: FRAMES
Topic(s): Emissions and Smoke
Region(s): Alaska, California, Eastern, Great Basin, Hawaii, Northern Rockies, Northwest, Rocky Mountain, Southern, Southwest, National
Keywords: combustion, flames, chemical kinetics, thermodynamics, textbook
Nighttime smoke dispersal from most prescribed fires is critical for public health and safety. For this reason, prescribed fire training and guidelines include detailed information about smoke management and remind burn managers to be constantly aware of weather, fuel, and other…
Person:
Year: 2011
Type: Document
Source: FRAMES
Topic(s): Emissions and Smoke, Fire Effects, Planning, Prescribed Fire
Region(s): Alaska, California, Eastern, Great Basin, Hawaii, Northern Rockies, Northwest, Rocky Mountain, Southern, Southwest, National
Keywords: situational awareness, smoke management, fog
This policy statement has been prepared in response to plans by some Federal, tribal and State wildland owners/managers to significantly increase the use of wildland and prescribed fires to achieve resource benefits in the wildlands. Many wildland ecosystems are considered to…
Person:
Year: 1998
Type: Document
Source: FRAMES
Topic(s): Emissions and Smoke, Fire Effects, Outreach, Planning, Prescribed Fire, Regulations and Legislation
Region(s): Alaska, California, Eastern, Great Basin, Hawaii, Northern Rockies, Northwest, Rocky Mountain, Southern, Southwest, National
Keywords: air quality, fire management, air pollution, smoke management, visibility, smoke management plan, air quality management
Trees do not just die; there is always a primary cause, and often contributing factors. Trees need adequate quantities of water, heat, light, nutrients, carbon dioxide, oxygen, and other abiotic resources to sustain life, growth, and reproduction. When these factors are…
Person:
Year: 2011
Type: Document
Source: FRAMES
Topic(s): Climate, Emissions and Smoke, Fire Behavior, Fire Effects, Weather
Region(s): Alaska, California, Eastern, Great Basin, Hawaii, Northern Rockies, Northwest, Rocky Mountain, Southern, Southwest, International, National
Keywords: fire regimes, air pollution, climate change, drought, wind, fire suppression effects
On September 12, 1960, the brand new Northern Forest Fire Laboratory was dedicated in Missoula, MT. The fire lab's mission was-and is-to improve scientific understanding of wildland fire so it can be managed more safely and effectively in the field. The first scientists to work…
Person:
Year: 2011
Type: Document
Source: FRAMES, TTRS
Topic(s): Emissions and Smoke, Fire Behavior, Fire Ecology, Fire Effects, Fuels, Intelligence, Models
Region(s): Alaska, California, Eastern, Great Basin, Hawaii, Northern Rockies, Northwest, Rocky Mountain, Southern, Southwest, National
Keywords: fire research, knowledge, MFSL - Missoula Fire Sciences Laboratory, experimental fire, fire danger rating, fire models, fire regimes, flammability, fuel loading, fuel moisture, laboratory fires, smoke effects, wildfires, Montana, ecosystem dynamics, fire management, fire management planning, forest management, fuel management, smoke management
To investigate spatial variations of CH4 concentration, d13CH4, and dD-CH4 over Alaska, aircraft observations were conducted during the summer of 2006. CH4 concentrations elevated above the background level were observed over areas with wetlands and wildfires, important sources…
Person:
Year: 2011
Type: Document
Source: FRAMES
Topic(s): Emissions and Smoke, Fire Effects
Region(s): Alaska
Keywords: wetlands, isotope ratios, CO - carbon monoxide, CH4 - methane, wildfire
Wildfires are a common experience in Alaska where, on average, 3,775 km2 burn annually. More than 90% of the area consumed occurs in Interior Alaska, where the summers are relatively warm and dry, and the vegetation consists predominantly of spruce, birch, and cottonwood.…
Person:
Year: 2011
Type: Document
Source: FRAMES
Topic(s): Climate, Emissions and Smoke, Fire Occurrence, Weather
Region(s): Alaska
Keywords: wildfires, lightning-caused fires, PM - particulate matter, visibility, CO emissions, PDSI - Palmer Drought Severity Index, CDC - Canadian Drought Code
Studies indicate that, historically, terrestrial ecosystems of the northern high-latitude region may have been responsible for up to 60% of the global net land-based sink for atmospheric CO2. However, these regions have recently experienced remarkable modification of the major…
Person:
Year: 2011
Type: Document
Source: FRAMES
Topic(s): Climate, Emissions and Smoke, Models
Region(s): Alaska
Keywords: carbon cycle, carbon dioxide sinks, climate change, high latitudes, boreal forest fires
Research activities focused on estimating the direct emissions of carbon from wildland fires across North America are reviewed as part of the North American Carbon Program disturbance synthesis. A comparison of methods to estimate the loss of carbon from the terrestrial…
Person:
Year: 2011
Type: Document
Source: FRAMES
Topic(s): Emissions and Smoke, Models
Region(s): Alaska, California, Eastern, Great Basin, Hawaii, Northern Rockies, Northwest, Rocky Mountain, Southern, Southwest, International, National
Keywords: fuel moisture, carbon cycle, carbon emissions, FERA - Fire and Environmental Research Applications Team, North America, wildland fires, fire emissions, emission scenarios
The National Wildfire Coordinating Group definition of extreme fire behavior (EFB) indicates a level of fire behavior characteristics that ordinarily precludes methods of direct control action. One or more of the following is usually involved: high rate of spread, prolific…
Person:
Year: 2011
Type: Document
Source: FRAMES, TTRS
Topic(s): Emissions and Smoke, Fire Behavior, Fire Prevention, Fuels, Intelligence, Models, Weather
Region(s): Alaska, California, Eastern, Great Basin, Hawaii, Northern Rockies, Northwest, Rocky Mountain, Southern, Southwest, International, National
Keywords: convection column, crowning, extreme fire behavior, fire research, spotting, fire whirls, knowledge gap, high rate of spread, crown fires, fire management, ROS - rate of spread, spot fires, wildfires, wind