Type
Topic
Region
Year
Displaying 126 - 150 of 205
ANNOTATION: Guidelines in the form of a six-step approach are provided for estimating volumes, oven-dry mass, consumption, and particulate matter emissions for piled logging debris. Seven stylized pile shapes and their associated geometric volume formulae are used to estimate…
Person:
Year: 1996
Type: Document
Source: FRAMES
Topic(s): Emissions and Smoke, Fuels, Planning, Prescribed Fire
Region(s): California, Great Basin, Northern Rockies, Northwest, Rocky Mountain, Southwest
Keywords: biomass consumption, smoke management, piled slash, western United States
Fire is the single most important ecological disturbance process throughout the interior Pacific Northwest (Mutch and others 1993; Agee 1994). It is also a natural process that helps maintain a diverse ecological landscape. Fire suppression and timber harvesting have drastically…
Person:
Year: 1996
Type: Document
Source: FRAMES
Topic(s): Emissions and Smoke, Fire Ecology, Restoration and Rehabilitation
Region(s): Northwest
Keywords: fire regimes, forest ecosystems, forest restoration, FERA - Fire and Environmental Research Applications Team, Pacific Northwest, smoke considerations
Several smoke-dispersion models, which currently are available for modeling smoke from biomass burns, were evaluated for ease of use, availability of input data, and output data format. The input and output components of all models are listed, and differences in model physics…
Person:
Year: 1996
Type: Document
Source: FRAMES
Topic(s): Emissions and Smoke, Models, Planning, Prescribed Fire
Region(s): Alaska, California, Eastern, Great Basin, Hawaii, Northern Rockies, Northwest, Rocky Mountain, Southern, Southwest, National
Keywords: fire, biomass burning, dispersion, FERA - Fire and Environmental Research Applications Team
Models of fire behavior and effects do not always make accurate predictions, and there is not enough systematically gathered data to validate them. To help advance fire behavior and fire effects model development, the Joint Fire Science Program is helping fund the RxCADRE, which…
Person:
Year: 2013
Type: Document
Source: FRAMES
Topic(s): Emissions and Smoke, Fire Behavior, Fire Effects, Fuels, Models, Prescribed Fire
Region(s): Alaska, California, Eastern, Great Basin, Hawaii, Northern Rockies, Northwest, Rocky Mountain, Southern, Southwest, National
Keywords: aircraft, fire data, RxCADRE
This is a user's manual for VSMOKE, a computer program for predicting the smoke and dry weather visibility impact of a single prescribed fire at several downwind locations. VSMOKE is a FORTRAN 77 program that depends on the input in file VSMOKE.IPT to generate output in file…
Person:
Year: 1996
Type: Document
Source: FRAMES
Topic(s): Emissions and Smoke, Models, Prescribed Fire
Region(s): Alaska, California, Eastern, Great Basin, Hawaii, Northern Rockies, Northwest, Rocky Mountain, Southern, Southwest, National
Keywords: computer models, visibility, VSMOKE
Wildland fires present a challenging environment to make meteorological measurements. Observations in the vicinity of wildland fires are needed to better understand fire-atmosphere interactions and to provide data for the evaluation of coupled fire-atmosphere models. An…
Person:
Year: 2013
Type: Document
Source: FRAMES
Topic(s): Emissions and Smoke, Fire Behavior
Region(s): California
Keywords: Doppler lidar, fire plumes, divergence
Seedlings of Phacelia strictiflora A.L. de Jussieu (Hydrophyllaceae) germinate profusely after major fires in the Cross Timbers forest of Oklahoma and rarely at other times and places. Seed germination was greatly enhanced under laboratory conditions by exposure to a water…
Person:
Year: 2013
Type: Document
Source: FRAMES
Topic(s): Emissions and Smoke, Fire Ecology, Fire Effects
Region(s): Southern
Keywords: germination, smoke-induced germination, Oklahoma, Phacelia strictiflora, regeneration
[from the text] Land managers and officials need to understand the diverse public opinions toward smoke from wildland fires; however, a very limited amount of research has been conducted on this topic. Hence, land and fire managers are largely uncertain about society's…
Person:
Year: 2013
Type: Document
Source: FRAMES
Topic(s): Emissions and Smoke, Safety, Social Science
Region(s): Alaska, California, Eastern, Great Basin, Hawaii, Northern Rockies, Northwest, Rocky Mountain, Southern, Southwest, National
Keywords: escaped fire, public perception, trust, public health, public attitudes
At the request of the National Wildfire Coordinating Group (NWCG) Equipment and Technology Committee, the National Technology and Development Center undertook a project to determine the exposure levels of wildland smoke to firefighters. In 2010, at the request of the NWCG Risk…
Person:
Year: 2013
Type: Document
Source: FRAMES
Topic(s): Emissions and Smoke, Safety
Region(s): Alaska, California, Eastern, Great Basin, Hawaii, Northern Rockies, Northwest, Rocky Mountain, Southern, Southwest, National
Keywords: carcinogen, respirable dust, inhalation irritants, particulate exposure, vegetative smoke
Emissions from biomass combustion are a major source of indoor and outdoor air pollution, and are estimated to cause millions of premature deaths worldwide annually. Whilst adverse respiratory health effects of biomass exposure are well established, less is known about its…
Person:
Year: 2013
Type: Document
Source: FRAMES
Topic(s): Emissions and Smoke, Safety
Region(s): International
Keywords: air pollution, biomass, health effects, heart rate, respiratory illness, cardiovascular disease, blood pressure
Diagnostic carbon cycle models produce estimates of net ecosystem production (NEP, the balance of net primary production and heterotrophic respiration) by integrating information from (i) satellite-based observations of land surface vegetation characteristics; (ii) distributed…
Person:
Year: 2013
Type: Document
Source: FRAMES
Topic(s): Emissions and Smoke, Fire Effects, Models
Region(s): Alaska, California, Eastern, Great Basin, Hawaii, Northern Rockies, Northwest, Rocky Mountain, Southern, Southwest, International, National
Keywords: Canada, carbon flux, atmospheric inversion, NEP - Net Ecosystem Productivity, rivers, Mexico, biomass burning, NEE - net ecosystem exchange
Developed as a quantitative measurement of fire intensity, fire radiative power (FRP) and the potential applications to smoke plume injection heights, are currently limited by the pixel resolution of a satellite sensor. As a result, this study, the first in a two-part series,…
Person:
Year: 2013
Type: Document
Source: FRAMES
Topic(s): Emissions and Smoke, Fire Behavior
Region(s): California
Keywords: fire temperature, fire area, fire detection, MODIS - Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer, satellite, biomass burning, FRP - Fire Radiative Power
Fire radiative power (FRP) over a pixel area has been highlighted as a valuable parameter for quantitatively deriving smoke emissions. However, smoke plume rise forecasts and characterizations of fire intensity require additional information, including the FRP over the fire area…
Person:
Year: 2013
Type: Document
Source: FRAMES
Topic(s): Emissions and Smoke, Fire Effects, Weather
Region(s): California
Keywords: atmosphere, fire area, MODIS - Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer, temperature, radiative transfer regime, biomass burning, FRP - Fire Radiative Power, water vapor, emissivity
Managers and policy-makers across broad disciplines and organizations are calling for a better understanding of public opinion on natural resource issues. One such issue is that of fire and its role in the management of our forests and rangelands. Public perceptions of fuel…
Person:
Year: 2013
Type: Document
Source: FRAMES
Topic(s): Emissions and Smoke, Fuels, Prescribed Fire, Social Science
Region(s): California, Northern Rockies, Northwest, Southern
Keywords: fuel reduction, public opinion, fire use, survey, public perceptions
Several state air quality agencies have developed policies to issue air quality health index (AQI) warnings based on low values of visual range. Visual range has been defined in the context of how far away a black object has to be such that it is just noticeable or visible. This…
Person:
Year: 2013
Type: Document
Source: FRAMES
Topic(s): Emissions and Smoke
Region(s): Alaska, California, Eastern, Great Basin, Hawaii, Northern Rockies, Northwest, Rocky Mountain, Southern, Southwest, National
Keywords: air quality, visual range, PM2.5 emissions, particulate matter (PM) concentrations, AQI - Air Quality Index
Filter-based samplers have long been employed by monitoring networks to measure aerosol mass concentrations because they are robust and the collected filters can be used for analysis of speciated mass concentrations. However, filter-based samplers have several disadvantages.…
Person:
Year: 2013
Type: Document
Source: FRAMES
Topic(s): Emissions and Smoke, Monitoring and Inventory
Region(s): Alaska, California, Eastern, Great Basin, Hawaii, Northern Rockies, Northwest, Rocky Mountain, Southern, Southwest, National
Keywords: NAAQS - National Ambient Air Quality Standards, PM2.5 emissions, PM10 emissions, continuous measurements
Before about 1970, visibility was meant only to denote the human capability to detect, recognize, and identify objects by means of the human visual mechanism. During the 1970s, as energy development in the form of strip mines and coal-fired power plants with associated emissions…
Person:
Year: 2013
Type: Document
Source: FRAMES
Topic(s): Emissions and Smoke, Safety
Region(s): Alaska, California, Eastern, Great Basin, Hawaii, Northern Rockies, Northwest, Rocky Mountain, Southern, Southwest, National
Keywords: air quality, haze, public health, urban air pollution, urban visibility
We begin our study of wildland fire with the basic principles and mechanisms of the combustion process-fire fundamentals. In the next chapter we look at wildland fire as an event. Fire behavior is what a fire does, the dynamics of the fire event. In later chapters we move up the…
Person:
Year: 1996
Type: Document
Source: FRAMES
Topic(s): Emissions and Smoke, Fire Behavior, Fuels, Hazard and Risk, Models, Weather
Region(s): Alaska, California, Eastern, Great Basin, Hawaii, Northern Rockies, Northwest, Rocky Mountain, Southern, Southwest, National
Keywords: BEHAVE, fire intensity, fire weather, fuel load, fuel moisture, atmospheric stability, drought, extreme fire behavior, fire environment, fire growth, fire spread, fuel classification, wind
In the US, wildfires and prescribed burning present significant challenges to air regulatory agencies attempting to achieve and maintain compliance with air quality regulations. Fire emission factors (EF) are essential input for the emission models used to develop wildland fire…
Person:
Year: 2013
Type: Document
Source: FRAMES
Topic(s): Emissions and Smoke, Models
Region(s): Northern Rockies
Keywords: air quality, combustion efficiency
Eulerian chemical transport models are extensively used to steer environmental policy, forecast air quality and study atmospheric processes. However, the ability of these models to simulate concentrated atmospheric plumes, including fire-related smoke, may be limited. Wildland…
Person:
Year: 2013
Type: Document
Source: FRAMES
Topic(s): Emissions and Smoke, Models
Region(s): Southern
Keywords: PM2.5, Georgia, smoke transport, plume modelling, CMAQ - Community Multiscale Air Quality Modeling System
Smoke plumes associated with wildland fires are difficult to characterize due to the non-linear behavior of the variables involved. Plume chemistry is largely modeled using emission factors to represent the relative trace gas and aerosol species emitted. Plume dynamics are…
Person:
Year: 2013
Type: Document
Source: FRAMES
Topic(s): Emissions and Smoke, Models
Region(s): California, Southern
Keywords: air quality, North Carolina, low intensity burns, smoke dispersion, smoldering fires
Land managers of the northern Rocky Mountains and south-central U.S. are challenged with numerous social and ecological changes, many of which are linked to climate change. The work presented here focuses on two important research gaps: 1) managers do not understand public…
Person:
Year: 2013
Type: Document
Source: FRAMES
Topic(s): Emissions and Smoke, Prescribed Fire, Social Science
Region(s): Northern Rockies, Southern
Keywords: land management, public opinion, climate change, public perceptions
Space-borne sensors provide the only way to monitor the global distribution and characteristics of fire. Dramatic satellite maps showing fire activity across the entire Earth have been providing a unique picture of fire activity for the last three decades. This chapter…
Person:
Year: 2013
Type: Document
Source: FRAMES
Topic(s): Emissions and Smoke, Mapping, Monitoring and Inventory
Region(s): Alaska, California, Eastern, Great Basin, Hawaii, Northern Rockies, Northwest, Rocky Mountain, Southern, Southwest, National
Keywords: satellite remote sensing, flaming, smoldering fires, fire-affected area
Wildland fires are expected to increase as a consequence of climate change forces and more data were needed to help facility managers carry out prescribed burns, especially for the burning of southwestern and southeastern wild land fuels. As a consequence, RC-1648 and RC-1649…
Person:
Year: 2013
Type: Document
Source: FRAMES
Topic(s): Emissions and Smoke, Fuels, Models, Prescribed Fire
Region(s): California, Southwest
Keywords: air quality, chaparral, particulates, Arctostaphylos spp., Ceanothus spp., Quercus spp., Prosopis spp., Madrean, Adenostoma spp.
Estimating the economic benefits of reduced health damages due to improvements in environmental quality continues to challenge economists. We review welfare measures associated with reduced wildfire smoke exposure, and a unique dataset from California's Station Fire of 2009…
Person:
Year: 2013
Type: Document
Source: FRAMES
Topic(s): Economics, Emissions and Smoke
Region(s): California
Keywords: smoke exposure, health effects, willingness-to-pay, cost of illness, morbidity