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Emission Factors for Wildland Fire Applications

Presentation to the 33rd Conference on Agricultural and Forest Meteorology/12th Fire and Forest Meteorology Symposium/Fourth Conference on Biogeosciences. This presentation focuses on emission factors for wildland fire fuels.
Person: O'Neill
Year: 2018
Type: Media
Source: FRAMES
Topic(s): Emissions and Smoke, Fuels, Models, Monitoring and Inventory
Region(s): Alaska, California, Eastern, Great Basin, Hawaii, Northern Rockies, Northwest, Rocky Mountain, Southern, Southwest, National
Keywords: emission factor, smoke modeling, smoke models

New tropical peatland gas and particulate emissions factors indicate 2015 Indonesian fires released far more particulate matter (but less methane) than current inventories imply

Deforestation and draining of the peatlands in equatorial SE Asia has greatly increased their flammability, and in September–October 2015 a strong El Niño-related drought led to further drying and to widespread burning across parts of Indonesia, primarily on Kalimantan and…
Person:
Year: 2018
Type: Document
Source: FRAMES
Topic(s): Emissions and Smoke, Fire Effects
Region(s): International
Keywords: Indonesia, peatlands, PM - particulate matter, emission factors, PM2.5, air quality, FRP - Fire Radiative Power, El Niño

In situ tropical peatland fire emission factors and their variability, as determined by field measurements in peninsula Malaysia

Fires in tropical peatlands account for >25% of estimated total greenhouse gas emissions from deforestation and degradation. Despite significant global and regional impacts, our understanding of specific gaseous fire emission factors (EFs)…
Person:
Year: 2018
Type: Document
Source: FRAMES
Topic(s): Emissions and Smoke, Fire Effects
Region(s): International
Keywords: tropical peat, emission factors, peat, peatland degradation, greenhouse gases, Malaysia

The role of composition and particle size on the toxicity of wildfire emissions - Final Report to the Joint Fire Science Program

Acute and chronic exposure to wildfire smoke can cause numerous documented cardiopulmonary effects, although determining the casual components within the thousands of different chemicals found in both the particle and gas phases remains a toxicological challenge. Specifically,…
Person:
Year: 2018
Type: Document
Source: FRAMES
Topic(s): Emissions and Smoke, Fire Effects, Fuels
Region(s): Alaska, California, Eastern, Great Basin, Hawaii, Northern Rockies, Northwest, Rocky Mountain, Southern, Southwest, National
Keywords: wildland fires, PM - particulate matter, emission factor, smoldering, flaming, biomass smoke, biomass fuel, inhalation, toxicity, health effects

Review of emissions from smouldering peat fires and their contribution to regional haze episodes

Smouldering peat fires, the largest fires on Earth in terms of fuel consumption, are reported in six continents and are responsible for regional haze episodes. Haze is the large-scale accumulation of smoke at low altitudes in the atmosphere. It decreases air quality, disrupts…
Person:
Year: 2018
Type: Document
Source: FRAMES
Topic(s): Emissions and Smoke, Fire Effects
Region(s): Alaska, California, Eastern, Great Basin, Hawaii, Northern Rockies, Northwest, Rocky Mountain, Southern, Southwest, International, National
Keywords: smoldering, peat fires, emission factor, MCE - modified combustion efficiency, wildfires, haze, air quality, PM - particulate matter, literature review

On the role of the flaming to smoldering transition in the seasonal cycle of African fire emissions

Satellite estimates of burned area, associated carbon monoxide (CO) emission estimates, and CO column retrievals do not agree on the peak fire month in Africa, evident in both Northern and Southern Africa though distinct in the burning seasonality. Here we analyze this long‐…
Person:
Year: 2018
Type: Document
Source: FRAMES
Topic(s): Emissions and Smoke, Fire Effects
Region(s): International
Keywords: Africa, combustion efficiency, atmospheric inversion, CO - carbon monoxide, Bayesian analysis, MOPITT - Measurement of Pollution in the Troposphere instrument, MOPITT CO, GFED - Global Fire Emissions Database, burned area

Emissions and characteristics of particulate matter from rainforest burning in the southeast Asia

The burning of tropical rainforests in the Southeast Asia emits considerable particulate matter (PM), which has significant effects on air quality and human health. Lacking of reliable local EFPM for rainforest burning in the Southeast Asia is one of the most important causes…
Person:
Year: 2018
Type: Document
Source: FRAMES
Topic(s): Emissions and Smoke, Fire Effects
Region(s): Alaska, California, Eastern, Great Basin, Hawaii, Northern Rockies, Northwest, Rocky Mountain, Southern, Southwest, International, National
Keywords: Asia, emission factors, rainforests, PM - particulate matter, EI - Emission Inventory, air quality, human health

Thermochemical properties of PM2.5 as indicator of combustion phase of fires

Past studies suggest that certain properties of fire emitted particulate matter (PM) relate to the combustion phase (flaming, smoldering) of biomass burning, but to date there has been little consideration of such properties for use as combustion phase indicators. We studied the…
Person:
Year: 2018
Type: Document
Source: FRAMES
Topic(s): Emissions and Smoke, Fire Behavior
Region(s): Southern
Keywords: thermochemical property, PM2.5, PM - particulate matter, combustion phase, MESTA - multi-element scanning thermal analysis, emission factor, Differential Diffusion, Florida, Georgia

Ground-based field measurements of PM2.5 emission factors from flaming and smouldering combustion in eucalypt forests

In fire‐prone areas such as southern Australia and parts of the United States, prescribed burning is a common fire management tool to reduce fuel load for wildfire suppression purposes. The burns are typically undertaken during calm and stable conditions when the burn extent and…
Person:
Year: 2018
Type: Document
Source: FRAMES
Topic(s): Emissions and Smoke, Fire Effects, Fuels, Prescribed Fire
Region(s): International
Keywords: PM2.5, particles, smoldering combustion, residual smoldering, combustion efficiency, CWD - coarse woody debris, litter, Eucalypt forests, Australia

Low-density polyethylene smoke emissions from simulated debris piles

This data publication contains emission factors for 195 gaseous and particulate compounds measured during the burning of three mixtures of manzanita wood and low-density polyethylene plastic (LDPE, agricultural plastic) in a laboratory. The…
Person:
Year: 2018
Type: Data
Source: FRAMES
Topic(s): Economics, Emissions and Smoke, Fire Effects, Fuels, Prescribed Fire
Region(s): California
Keywords: polyethylene, manzanita, plastic, farming, biota, environment, human impact, health, forest products, wood chemistry, natural resource management, forest management, plants, San Bernardino National Forest

A complex approach for the estimation of carbonaceous emissions from wildfires in Siberia

A complex approach is considered to the estimation of emissions of carbon gases formed during wildfires in the middle taiga subzone in the Yenisei region of Siberia. Based on the large-scale Siberian wildfires in 2012, the relative contribution of emissions to the values of…
Person:
Year: 2018
Type: Document
Source: FRAMES
Topic(s): Emissions and Smoke, Fire Effects
Region(s): International
Keywords: boreal forests, Siberia, wildfires, carbon gasses, plumes

Synthesis of Comprehensive Emissions Measurements and Multi-Scale Modeling for Understanding Secondary Organic Qerosol Chemistry in Wildland Smoke Plumes

The air quality and fire management communities are faced with increasingly difficult decisions regarding critical fire management activities, given the potential contribution of wildfires and prescribed burns (wildland fires) to fine particulate matter (PM2.5). Unfortunately,…
Person:
Year: 2018
Type: Project
Source: FRAMES
Topic(s): Emissions and Smoke, Models
Region(s): California, Great Basin, Northern Rockies, Northwest
Keywords: air quality, PM2.5, secondary organic aerosol, smoke plumes, biomass burning, VOC - volatile organic compounds

Aerosoloptical properties and trace gas emissions by PAX and OP-FTIR for laboratory-simulated western US wildfires during FIREX

Western wildfires have a major impact on air quality in the US. In the fall of 2016, 107 test fires were burned in the large-scale combustion facility at the US Forest Service Missoula Fire Sciences Laboratory as part of the Fire Influence on Regional and Global Environments…
Person:
Year: 2018
Type: Document
Source: FRAMES
Topic(s): Emissions and Smoke, Fuels
Region(s): California, Great Basin, Northern Rockies, Northwest, Rocky Mountain, Southwest
Keywords: laboratory fires, aerosol optical properties, PAX - photoacoustic extinctiometer, OP-FTIR - open-path Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, trace gas emissions, biomass burning, wildfires, FIREX - Fire Influence on Regional and Global Environments Experiment, emission ratio, emission factor, MCE - modified combustion efficiency

Synthesis of comprehensive emissions measurements and multi-scale modeling for understanding secondary organic aerosol - Final Report to the Joint Fire Science Program

The air quality and fire management communities are faced with increasingly difficult decisions regarding critical fire management activities, given the potential contribution of wildland fires to fine particulate matter (PM2.5). Unfortunately, in model frameworks used for air…
Person:
Year: 2018
Type: Document
Source: FRAMES
Topic(s): Emissions and Smoke, Fire Effects, Models
Region(s): California, Great Basin, Northern Rockies, Northwest
Keywords: emission factors, organic compounds, secondary organic aerosol, CMAQ - Community Multiscale Air Quality Modeling System, wildland fires, AIRPACT, PM2.5, fire management, air quality, fine particulate matter, VOC - volatile organic compounds

Modified biomass burning emission in modeling system with fire radiative power: simulation of particulate matter in mainland southeast Asia during smog episode

The uncertainty in biomass burning emissions are large in many regions due to high variation of fire characteristics, limitation of fire data and uncertainty in factors calculation. The simulations in Mainland Southeast Asia (MSEA), using Fire Inventory from NCAR (FINN) as the…
Person:
Year: 2018
Type: Document
Source: FRAMES
Topic(s): Emissions and Smoke, Fire Effects, Models
Region(s): International
Keywords: Asia, PM - particulate matter, biomass burning, air quality model, FRP - Fire Radiative Power

Air-pollutant emissions from agricultural burning in Mae Chaem basin, Chiang Mai province, Thailand

Particulate pollution is a continual problem which is usually caused by the burning of crop residues in highland agricultural systems. The objectives of this study are to investigate crop-residue management and estimate the amount of pollutant emissions from burning crop…
Person:
Year: 2018
Type: Document
Source: FRAMES
Topic(s): Emissions and Smoke, Fire Effects
Region(s): International
Keywords: Thailand, maize, crop residues, farming, PM2.5, PM - particulate matter, air pollution, greenhouse gas emissions

Mutagenicity and lung toxicity of smoldering vs. flaming emissions from various biomass fuels: implications for health effects from wildland fires

Background: The increasing size and frequency of wildland fires are leading to greater potential for cardiopulmonary disease and cancer in exposed populations; however, little is known about how the types of fuel and combustion phases affect these adverse outcomes. Objectives:…
Person:
Year: 2018
Type: Document
Source: FRAMES
Topic(s): Emissions and Smoke, Fire Effects, Fuels
Region(s): Alaska, California, Eastern, Great Basin, Hawaii, Northern Rockies, Northwest, Rocky Mountain, Southern, Southwest, National
Keywords: PM - particulate matter, flaming, smoldering, cancer, public health, lung diseases

Contiguous United States wildland fire emission estimates during 2003-2015

Wildfires are a major source of air pollutants in the United States. Wildfire smoke can trigger severe pollution episodes with substantial impacts on public health. In addition to acute episodes, wildfires can have a marginal effect on air quality at significant distances from…
Person:
Year: 2018
Type: Document
Source: FRAMES
Topic(s): Emissions and Smoke, Fire Effects, Fuels, Mapping, Monitoring and Inventory, Safety
Region(s): California, Eastern, Great Basin, Northern Rockies, Northwest, Rocky Mountain, Southern, Southwest
Keywords: wildfires, wildland fire, air pollutants, public health, MODIS - Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer, MTBS - Monitoring Trends in Burn Severity, NDVI - Normalized Difference Vegetation Index, burned area

A new top-down approach for directly estimating biomass burning emissions and fuel consumption rates and totals from geostationary satellite fire radiative power (FRP)

Regional to global-scale biomass burning emissions inventories are primarily based on satellite-derived burned area or fire radiative power (FRP), and most rely on conversions to fuel consumption prior to the emissions estimation stage. This is generally considered the step…
Person:
Year: 2018
Type: Document
Source: FRAMES
Topic(s): Emissions and Smoke, Fuels
Region(s): International
Keywords: FRP - Fire Radiative Power, Africa, FRE - Fire Radiative Energy, Meteosat-8, SEVIRI - Spinning Enhanced Visible and Infrared Imager, biomass burning, fuel consumption, geostationary