Type
Topic
Region
Year
Displaying 26 - 50 of 179
Background
Wildfire smoke is known to exacerbate respiratory conditions; however, evidence for cardiovascular and cerebrovascular events has been inconsistent, despite biological plausibility.
Methods and Results
A population‐based epidemiologic analysis was conducted for daily…
Person:
Year: 2018
Type: Document
Source: FRAMES
Topic(s): Emissions and Smoke, Safety
Region(s): California
Keywords: PM - particulate matter, PM2.5, cardiovascular effects, cerebrovascular effects, air quality, air pollution, public health, smoke exposure, wildfires, human health
The quantification of the UV characteristics of smoke aerosols is valuable to UV Index forecasting, air quality studies, air chemistry studies, and assessments of the impacts on regional and global environmental changes. The wavelength dependence of the light absorption by smoke…
Person:
Year: 2018
Type: Document
Source: FRAMES
Topic(s): Emissions and Smoke, Mapping, Models, Monitoring and Inventory
Region(s): California, Southern, Southwest
Keywords: aerosols, UV radiation, WRF-Chem-SMOKE model, remote sensing, satellite data, aircraft measurements
Western wildfires have a major impact on air quality in the US. In the fall of 2016, 107 test fires were burned in the large-scale combustion facility at the US Forest Service Missoula Fire Sciences Laboratory as part of the Fire Influence on Regional and Global Environments…
Person:
Year: 2018
Type: Document
Source: FRAMES
Topic(s): Emissions and Smoke, Fuels
Region(s): California, Great Basin, Northern Rockies, Northwest, Rocky Mountain, Southwest
Keywords: laboratory fires, aerosol optical properties, PAX - photoacoustic extinctiometer, OP-FTIR - open-path Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, trace gas emissions, biomass burning, wildfires, FIREX - Fire Influence on Regional and Global Environments Experiment, emission ratio, emission factor, MCE - modified combustion efficiency
Southeast Asia, in particular Indonesia, has periodically struggled with intense fire events. These events convert substantial amounts of carbon stored as peat to atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2) and significantly affect atmospheric composition on a regional to global scale.…
Person:
Year: 2018
Type: Document
Source: FRAMES
Topic(s): Emissions and Smoke, Mapping, Monitoring and Inventory
Region(s): International
Keywords: Southeast Asia, Indonesia, CO - carbon monoxide, remote sensing, satellite data, IASI - Infrared Atmospheric Sounding Interferometer, MOPITT - Measurement of Pollution in the Troposphere instrument
Wildfires produce substantial CO2 emissions in the humid tropics during El Niño-mediated extreme droughts, and these emissions are expected to increase in coming decades. Immediate carbon emissions from uncontrolled wildfires in human-modified tropical forests can be…
Person:
Year: 2018
Type: Document
Source: FRAMES
Topic(s): Emissions and Smoke, Fire Effects, Mapping, Monitoring and Inventory
Region(s): International
Keywords: CO2 - carbon dioxide, Amazonia, Brazil, El Niño, remote sensing, necromass, fire intensity, tropical forest, drought
Background: Individuals with respiratory disease are being increasingly exposed to wildfire smoke as populations encroach further into forested regions and climate change continues to bring higher temperatures with lower rainfall. Frequent exposures have significant potential to…
Person:
Year: 2018
Type: Document
Source: FRAMES
Topic(s): Emissions and Smoke, Fire Effects
Region(s): International
Keywords: airway epithelium, barrier function, cigarettes, COPD - chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, environmental health, exacerbation, wildfires, human health, Australia
Fire in California’s Ecosystems describes fire in detail—both as an integral natural process in the California landscape and as a growing threat to urban and suburban developments in the state. Written by many of the foremost authorities on the subject, this comprehensive volume…
Person:
Year: 2018
Type: Document
Source: FRAMES
Topic(s): Aquatic, Climate, Emissions and Smoke, Fire Behavior, Fire Ecology, Fire Effects, Fire History, Fire Prevention, Fuels, Hazard and Risk, Prescribed Fire, Social Science, Weather
Region(s): California
Keywords: ecosystem dynamics
The field of aerobiology is expanding due to a recognition of the diversity of roles microbes play in both terrestrial and atmospheric ecology. Smoke from global biomass burning has had significant and widespread ecological and human health consequences, but the living component…
Person:
Year: 2018
Type: Document
Source: FRAMES
Topic(s): Emissions and Smoke, Fire Ecology, Fire Effects, Prescribed Fire
Region(s): Great Basin, Southern
Keywords: aerobiology, atmospheric biology, bioaerosols, forest pathology, fungal dispersal, microbial ecology, microbiology, wildfires, Florida, Idaho
African landscape fires are widespread, recurrent and temporally dynamic. They burn large areas of the continent, modifying land surface properties and significantly affect the atmosphere. Satellite Earth Observation (EO) data play a pivotal role in capturing the spatial and…
Person:
Year: 2018
Type: Document
Source: FRAMES
Topic(s): Emissions and Smoke, Fuels
Region(s): International
Keywords: Africa, biomass burning, SEVIRI - Spinning Enhanced Visible and Infrared Imager, fuel consumption, FRP - Fire Radiative Power, vegetation productivity, MODIS - Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer, fire activity
We present an analysis of over 23,000 globally distributed wildfire smoke plume injection heights derived from Multi-angle Imaging SpectroRadiometer (MISR) space-based, multi-angle stereo imaging. Both pixel-weighted and aerosol optical depth (AOD)-weighted results are given,…
Person:
Year: 2018
Type: Document
Source: FRAMES
Topic(s): Emissions and Smoke, Fire Effects
Region(s): Alaska, California, Eastern, Great Basin, Hawaii, Northern Rockies, Northwest, Rocky Mountain, Southern, Southwest, International, National
Keywords: MISR - Multi-angle Imaging SpectroRadiometer, biomass burning, smoke plume height
Satellite estimates of burned area, associated carbon monoxide (CO) emission estimates, and CO column retrievals do not agree on the peak fire month in Africa, evident in both Northern and Southern Africa though distinct in the burning seasonality. Here we analyze this long‐…
Person:
Year: 2018
Type: Document
Source: FRAMES
Topic(s): Emissions and Smoke, Fire Effects
Region(s): International
Keywords: Africa, combustion efficiency, atmospheric inversion, CO - carbon monoxide, Bayesian analysis, MOPITT - Measurement of Pollution in the Troposphere instrument, MOPITT CO, GFED - Global Fire Emissions Database, burned area
The air quality and fire management communities are faced with increasingly difficult decisions regarding critical fire management activities, given the potential contribution of wildland fires to fine particulate matter (PM2.5). Unfortunately, in model frameworks used for air…
Person:
Year: 2018
Type: Document
Source: FRAMES
Topic(s): Emissions and Smoke, Fire Effects, Models
Region(s): California, Great Basin, Northern Rockies, Northwest
Keywords: emission factors, organic compounds, secondary organic aerosol, CMAQ - Community Multiscale Air Quality Modeling System, wildland fires, AIRPACT, PM2.5, fire management, air quality, fine particulate matter, VOC - volatile organic compounds
In the 21st century, severe droughts associated with climate change will increase biomass burning (BB) in Brazil caused by the human activities. Recent droughts, especially in 2005, 2010, and 2015, caused strong socioeconomic and environmental impacts. The 2015 drought…
Person:
Year: 2018
Type: Document
Source: FRAMES
Topic(s): Climate, Emissions and Smoke, Fire Effects
Region(s): International
Keywords: biomass burning, CO - carbon monoxide, Brazil, greenhouse gas, El Niño, extreme events, climate variability, Amazon, drought
Positive feedbacks between wildfire emissions and climate are expected to increase in strength in the future; however, fires not only release carbon (C) from terrestrial to atmospheric pools, they also produce pyrogenic C (PyC) which contributes to longer-term C stability. Our…
Person:
Year: 2018
Type: Document
Source: FRAMES
Topic(s): Climate, Emissions and Smoke, Fire Effects, Fuels
Region(s): California
Keywords: fire severity, C - carbon, pyrogenic carbon, aboveground biomass, forest carbon, fuel load, carbon flux
Wildland fire emissions are routinely estimated in the US Environmental Protection Agency’s National Emissions Inventory, specifically for fine particulate matter (PM2.5) and precursors to ozone (O3); however, there is a large amount of uncertainty in this sector. We employ a…
Person:
Year: 2018
Type: Document
Source: FRAMES
Topic(s): Emissions and Smoke, Fire Effects, Models
Region(s): Alaska, California, Eastern, Great Basin, Hawaii, Northern Rockies, Northwest, Rocky Mountain, Southern, Southwest, National
Keywords: air pollution, air quality modeling, CMAQ - Community Multiscale Air Quality Modeling System, NEI - National Emissions Inventory, wildland fire emissions, PM - particulate matter, PM2.5, O3 - ozone
Mega-fires are expected to increase in the Western United States. The state of the science suggests that the best mitigation to prevent destructive forest fires is to reintroduce ecologically beneficial fire, but this can only be accomplished with public support. The objective…
Person:
Year: 2018
Type: Document
Source: FRAMES
Topic(s): Communications, Emissions and Smoke, Fire Effects, Outreach, Social Science
Region(s): California
Keywords: fire management policy, nuisance complaints, public acceptance, smoke management, Sierra Nevada, air pollution, health impacts
To understand the health effects of wildfire smoke, it is important to accurately assess smoke exposure over space and time. Particulate matter (PM) is a predominant pollutant in wildfire smoke. In this study, we develop land-use regression (LUR) models to investigate the impact…
Person:
Year: 2018
Type: Document
Source: FRAMES
Topic(s): Emissions and Smoke, Models, Safety
Region(s): International
Keywords: wildfires, Alberta, Canada, pollution, air pollution, public health, smoke exposure, PM - particulate matter, PM2.5, AOD - aerosol optical depth, land use regression, spatial analysis
The process of pyroconvection occurs when fire-released heat, moisture, and/or aerosols induce or augment convection in the atmosphere. Prediction of pyroconvection presents a set of complex problems for meteorologists and wildfire managers. In particular, the turbulent…
Person:
Year: 2018
Type: Document
Source: FRAMES
Topic(s): Emissions and Smoke, Fire Behavior
Region(s): International
Keywords: Australia, pyroconvection, meteorology, Doppler radar, convection, fire plumes
In 2017, the dominant greenhouse gases released into Earth’s atmosphere—carbon dioxide, methane, and nitrous oxide— reached new record highs. The annual global average carbon dioxide concentration at Earth’s surface for 2017 was 405.0 ± 0.1 ppm, 2.2 ppm greater than for 2016 and…
Person:
Year: 2018
Type: Document
Source: FRAMES
Topic(s): Climate, Economics, Emissions and Smoke, Fire Effects, Fire Occurrence, Fire Prevention, Fuels, Hazard and Risk, Weather
Region(s): Alaska, California, Eastern, Great Basin, Hawaii, Northern Rockies, Northwest, Rocky Mountain, Southern, Southwest, International, National
Keywords: climate change, wildfires, fire activity
To test the hypothesis that wildfire smoke can cool summer river and stream water temperatures by attenuating solar radiation and air temperature, we analyzed data on summer wildfire smoke, solar radiation, air temperatures, precipitation, river discharge, and water temperatures…
Person:
Year: 2018
Type: Document
Source: FRAMES
Topic(s): Aquatic, Emissions and Smoke, Fire Effects
Region(s): California
Keywords: water temperature, Klamath Basin, aerosol optical thickness, solar radiation, air temperature, rivers, streams
This research contrasts the environmental conditions, meteorological drivers, and air quality impacts of human‐ and lightning‐ignited wildfires in the southeastern and western U.S., the two continental U.S. regions with the most wildfire burn area. We use the Fire Program…
Person:
Year: 2018
Type: Document
Source: FRAMES
Topic(s): Emissions and Smoke, Fire Effects, Fire Occurrence
Region(s): California, Eastern, Great Basin, Northern Rockies, Northwest, Rocky Mountain, Southern, Southwest
Keywords: wildfires, ignition, air quality, PM2.5, FPA - Fire Program Analysis
During summer in early 2016, over 70 landscape fires in Tasmania (Australia) caused several severe episodes of fire smoke across the island state. To assess the health impact of the fire smoke, a case crossover analysis was performed, which measured the association between…
Person:
Year: 2018
Type: Document
Source: FRAMES
Topic(s): Emissions and Smoke, Fire Effects, Safety
Region(s): International
Keywords: Australia, Tasmania, PM - particulate matter, LFS - landscape fire smoke, ambulance, PM2.5, air quality, public health
Sustainable fire management has eluded all industrial societies. Given the growing number and magnitude of wildfire events, prescribed fire is being increasingly promoted as the key to reducing wildfire risk. However, smoke from prescribed fires can adversely affect public…
Person:
Year: 2018
Type: Document
Source: FRAMES
Topic(s): Emissions and Smoke, Fuels, Prescribed Fire, Wildland-Urban Interface (WUI)
Region(s): International
Keywords: fire management, fuels management, wildfires, mechanical thinning, fire breaks, air pollution, public health, air quality regulations, British Columbia, Canada, Tasmania, Australia
Fine particulate matter (PM2.5) from U.S. anthropogenic sources is decreasing. However, previous studies have predicted that PM2.5 emissions from wildfires will increase in the midcentury to next century, potentially offsetting improvements gained by continued reductions in…
Person:
Year: 2018
Type: Document
Source: FRAMES
Topic(s): Emissions and Smoke, Fire Effects
Region(s): California, Eastern, Great Basin, Northern Rockies, Northwest, Rocky Mountain, Southern, Southwest
Keywords: fine particulate matter, PM2.5, smoke concentration, visibility, health, air quality, anthropogenic emissions
Progresses in reconstructing Earth's history of biomass burning has motivated the development of a modern charcoal dataset covering the last decades through a community-based initiative called the Global Modern Charcoal Dataset (GMCD). As the frequency, intensity and spatial…
Person:
Year: 2018
Type: Document
Source: FRAMES
Topic(s): Emissions and Smoke, Fire Effects
Region(s): Alaska, California, Eastern, Great Basin, Hawaii, Northern Rockies, Northwest, Rocky Mountain, Southern, Southwest, International, National
Keywords: GMCD - Global Modern Charcoal Dataset, biomass burning, standardized methodologies, surface sample, calibration, dataset, vegetation, fire regimes