Type
Topic
Region
Year
Displaying 3776 - 3800 of 5837
This preview extrapolates the future increase in burn area predicted by Chao Wu et al. in this issue of One Earth to consider the inevitable increase in fire-derived pollution and implication to human health. Although these global-scale predictions are concerning, understanding…
Person:
Year: 2021
Type: Document
Source: FRAMES
Topic(s): Emissions and Smoke, Fire Effects
Region(s): Alaska, California, Eastern, Great Basin, Hawaii, Northern Rockies, Northwest, Rocky Mountain, Southern, Southwest, International, National
Keywords: air pollution, human health
Prescribed fire to reduce forest fuels has been routinely applied to reduce wildfire risk in many parts of the world. It has also been proposed that prescribed fire can be used to mitigate greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. Although prescribed fire creates emissions, if the…
Person:
Year: 2021
Type: Document
Source: FRAMES
Topic(s): Emissions and Smoke, Fire Effects, Models, Prescribed Fire
Region(s): International
Keywords: temperate forests, fire severity, Australia, net ecosystem carbon balance, PyC - pyrogenic carbon, fire frequency
Implementation of stringent regulations on stationary and mobile sources at the local, state, and federal levels over the past two decades resulted in a substantial reduction of mass concentrations of ambient fine particulate matter (PM2.5) and its carbonaceous content including…
Person:
Year: 2021
Type: Document
Source: FRAMES
Topic(s): Emissions and Smoke, Fire Effects, Models
Region(s): California
Keywords: South Coast Air Basin, PM - particulate matter, PM2.5, C - carbon, wildfire, fine particulate matter, long-term trends, organic carbon, elemental carbon
Objective: Adults born either extremely preterm (EP, <28 weeks gestation) or extremely low birthweight (ELBW, <1000 g birthweight) have more obstructive airflow than controls of normal birthweight (>2499 g). We compared self-reported adverse respiratory health outcomes…
Person:
Year: 2021
Type: Document
Source: FRAMES
Topic(s): Emissions and Smoke, Fire Effects
Region(s): International
Keywords: public health, wildfire smoke, Australia, respiratory health, preterm, birth weight, young adults, smoke exposure, health impacts
Prescribed fire is an essential management tool for restoring and maintaining the resilience of fire-dependent ecosystems. Past studies indicated that the current policy environment significantly constrained decision-making around prescribed fire (USDA & USDOI 2014). This…
Person:
Year: 2021
Type: Document
Source: FRAMES
Topic(s): Emissions and Smoke, Planning, Prescribed Fire, Regulations and Legislation
Region(s): California, Great Basin, Northern Rockies, Northwest, Rocky Mountain, Southwest
Keywords: policy, barrier, fire management, air quality, fire policy, fire use, land management, land managers, policy change
We investigate the spatiotemporal patterns of prescribed fire and wildfire within Washington State, USA using records from the state’s Department of Natural Resources (DNR). Spatiotemporal comparisons of prescribed fire and wildfire area burned revealed that (1) fire activity…
Person:
Year: 2021
Type: Document
Source: FRAMES
Topic(s): Emissions and Smoke, Fire Occurrence, Prescribed Fire
Region(s): Northwest
Keywords: Washington, controlled burn, pile burning, environmental policy, permitting, fire patterns, fire activity
The moisture content of forest floor fuels changes continuously with the influence of environmental factors; thus it has an important impact on the concentration and chemical composition of particulate matter emitted during forest fire. However, most previous studies quantify…
Person:
Year: 2021
Type: Document
Source: FRAMES
Topic(s): Emissions and Smoke, Fire Effects, Fuels
Region(s): International
Keywords: forest fuel, forest fire, PM2.5, PM - particulate matter, carbonaceous component, water soluble ions, fuel moisture, China
Following the 1986 Chornobyl accident an area of approaching 5000 km2 surrounding the nuclear plant was abandoned, creating the Chornobyl Exclusion Zone (CEZ). Whilst this area likely contains the most radioactive terrestrial ecosystem on earth, over the nearly 35 years since…
Person:
Year: 2021
Type: Document
Source: FRAMES
Topic(s): Emissions and Smoke, Fire Effects, Safety
Region(s): International
Keywords: Russia, Chernobyl, inhalation, radionuclides, wildlife, wildfires, Cs-137, Sr-90
We present an integrated analysis of measurements from ozonesonde, ozone (O3) Differential Absorption Lidar (DIAL), ceilometer, surface monitors, and space‐borne observations in conjunction with the regional chemical transport model Weather Research and Forecast Model with…
Person:
Year: 2021
Type: Document
Source: FRAMES
Topic(s): Emissions and Smoke, Fire Effects
Region(s): Southern
Keywords: Alabama, O3 - ozone, WRF-Chem, DIAL - Differential Absorption Lidar, smoke plumes
The 2019–2020 summer wildfire event on the east coast of Australia was a series of major wildfires occurring from November 2019 to end of January 2020 across the states of Queensland, New South Wales (NSW), Victoria and South Australia. The wildfires were unprecedent in scope…
Person:
Year: 2021
Type: Document
Source: FRAMES
Topic(s): Emissions and Smoke, Fire Effects, Models
Region(s): International
Keywords: Australia, WRF-Chem, wildfires, pollutant transport, air quality, health impacts, smoke plumes, smoke transport
The monitoring of wildfire smoke is important to help mitigate impacts on people such as by sending early warnings to affected areas. Received signal levels (RSLs) from radio links have been used as an opportunistic way to accurately measure rainfall and humidity. Radio links…
Person:
Year: 2021
Type: Document
Source: FRAMES
Topic(s): Emissions and Smoke, Fire Effects, Monitoring and Inventory
Region(s): International
Keywords: air quality, PM - particulate matter, Australia, smoke measurements
Australian wildfires burning from December 2019 to January 2020 injected approximately 0.9 Tg of smoke into the stratosphere; this is the largest amount observed in the satellite era. A comparison of numerical simulations to satellite observations of the plume rise suggests that…
Person:
Year: 2021
Type: Document
Source: FRAMES
Topic(s): Climate, Emissions and Smoke, Models
Region(s): International
Keywords: Australia, pyroCb, stratospheric smoke, radiative forcing, ozone depletion, climate modeling
Aerosol pollution has become an increasingly serious problem in China. Among the multiple factors causing aerosol pollution, wildfires in China are occurring more frequently and have gradually become one of the most important contributing factors. However, little is known about…
Person:
Year: 2021
Type: Document
Source: FRAMES
Topic(s): Emissions and Smoke, Fire Effects, Fire Occurrence
Region(s): International
Keywords: China, AOD - aerosol optical depth, burning areas, FRP - Fire Radiative Power, geodetector model, aerosol pollution, fire frequency
A new algorithm is described for joint retrievals of the aerosol optical depth and spectral absorption from EPIC observations in the UV—Vis spectral range. The retrievals are illustrated on examples of the wildfire smoke events over North America, and dust storms over greater…
Person:
Year: 2021
Type: Document
Source: FRAMES
Topic(s): Emissions and Smoke, Mapping, Monitoring and Inventory
Region(s): Alaska, California, Eastern, Great Basin, Hawaii, Northern Rockies, Northwest, Rocky Mountain, Southern, Southwest, International, National
Keywords: EPIC, MAIAC - Multi‐angle Implementation of Atmospheric Correction, aerosol, biomass burning, mineral dust, spectral absorption
PM2.5 is the most monitored air pollutant for which EPA has set national ambient air quality standards (NAAQS). As such, it is the pollutant on which the Air Quality Index (AQI) is most often based. PM2.5 and PM10 are the only criteria pollutant whose composition, and therefore…
Person:
Year: 2021
Type: Document
Source: FRAMES
Topic(s): Emissions and Smoke, Fire Effects, Models
Region(s): Northwest
Keywords: woodsmoke, toxicity, hazardous air pollutants, positive matrix factorization, PM2.5, PM - particulate matter, NAAQS - National Ambient Air Quality Standards, AQI - Air Quality Index, Washington
Wildfire smoke is a growing public health concern in the United States. Numerous studies have documented associations between ambient smoke exposure and severe patient outcomes for single fire seasons or limited geographic regions. However, there are few national‐scale health…
Person:
Year: 2021
Type: Document
Source: FRAMES
Topic(s): Emissions and Smoke, Safety
Region(s): Alaska, California, Eastern, Great Basin, Hawaii, Northern Rockies, Northwest, Rocky Mountain, Southern, Southwest, National
Keywords: wildfires, PM - particulate matter, PM2.5, public health, critical care, ICU - intensive care unit, hospitalization
In September 2020, extremely strong wildfires in the western United States of America (i.e., mainly in California) produced large amounts of smoke, which was lifted into the free troposphere. These biomass‐burning‐aerosol (BBA) layers were transported from the US west coast…
Person:
Year: 2021
Type: Document
Source: FRAMES
Topic(s): Emissions and Smoke, Mapping, Monitoring and Inventory
Region(s): California, International
Keywords: wildfires, biomass burning, aerosol, LiDAR - Light Detection and Ranging, remote sensing, Aeolus
In the morning of 21 July 2019, a dense forest fire smoke plume was detected over Évora (Portugal) in the lower troposphere. Around 13:00 UTC, a Sahara dust layer was detected by lidar between 3000 and 4000 m height above sea level. In this work results of these events using an…
Person:
Year: 2021
Type: Document
Source: FRAMES
Topic(s): Emissions and Smoke, Fire Effects
Region(s): International
Keywords: Portugal, LiDAR - Light Detection and Ranging, Sun-photometer, desert dust, aerosol optical properties, aerosol microphysical properties, Raman lidar
This study proposes an approach to improve the spatial resolution of ground-level concentrations of PM2.5 that is required to assess health risks associated with exposure to pollutants released during wildfires. We use this approach to analyze the impact on air quality of the…
Person:
Year: 2021
Type: Document
Source: FRAMES
Topic(s): Emissions and Smoke, Fire Effects, Models
Region(s): California
Keywords: PM2.5, PM - particulate matter, spatial resolution, wildfires emissions, dispersion modeling, kriging, AOD - aerosol optical depth, satellite, air quality
Peat fires in tropical peatland release a substantial amount of carbon into the environment and cause significant harm to peatlands and the ecology, resulting in climate change, biodiversity loss, and the alteration of the ecosystem. It is essential to understand peat fires and…
Person:
Year: 2021
Type: Document
Source: FRAMES
Topic(s): Emissions and Smoke, Fire Effects, Monitoring and Inventory
Region(s): International
Keywords: peat fire, C - carbon, carbon emissions, depth of burn, burn depth, assessment, Malaysia
Introduction: Climate change is leading to increasingly severe wildfires across the United States. Over the past several years, these events have led to extreme, persistent smoke events in several urban areas across the western U.S. However, the health impacts of smoke events on…
Person:
Year: 2021
Type: Document
Source: FRAMES
Topic(s): Emissions and Smoke, Fire Effects
Region(s): Northwest
Keywords: Washington, active transportation, wildfires, physical activity, wildfire smoke
The fire plume height (smoke injection height) is an important parameter for calculating the transport and lifetime of smoke particles, which can significantly affect regional and global air quality and atmospheric radiation budget. To develop an observation‐based global fire…
Person:
Year: 2021
Type: Document
Source: FRAMES
Topic(s): Climate, Emissions and Smoke, Models, Monitoring and Inventory
Region(s): Alaska, California, Eastern, Great Basin, Hawaii, Northern Rockies, Northwest, Rocky Mountain, Southern, Southwest, International, National
Keywords: wildfires, fire plumes, climate modeling, MFRP - Maximum Fire Radiative Power, MISR - Multi-angle Imaging SpectroRadiometer, black carbon, atmosphere
Background
Wildland fire (wildfire; bushfire) pollution contributes to poor air quality, a risk factor for premature death. The frequency and intensity of wildfires are expected to increase; improved tools for estimating exposure to fire smoke are vital. New-generation satellite…
Person:
Year: 2021
Type: Document
Source: FRAMES
Topic(s): Emissions and Smoke, Mapping, Models, Monitoring and Inventory, Safety
Region(s): Alaska, California, Eastern, Great Basin, Hawaii, Northern Rockies, Northwest, Rocky Mountain, Southern, Southwest, International, National
Keywords: wildfire, bushfire, remote sensing, health risk, AI - artificial intelligence, convolutional neural network, air quality, satellite imagery
Wildfire smoke is an increasing environmental health threat to which children are particularly vulnerable, for both physiologic and behavioral reasons. To address the need for improved public health messaging this review summarizes current knowledge and knowledge gaps in the…
Person:
Year: 2021
Type: Document
Source: FRAMES
Topic(s): Emissions and Smoke, Safety
Region(s): California, Northwest, Southern
Keywords: public health, wildfires, health effects, children, VOC - volatile organic compounds, PM - particulate matter, PM2.5, PAH - polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, air pollution, air quality, lung diseases, respirator, mask
Background: The modular British Columbia Asthma Prediction System (BCAPS) is designed to reduce information burden during wildfire smoke events by automatically gathering, integrating, generating, and visualizing data for public health users. The BCAPS framework comprises five…
Person:
Year: 2021
Type: Document
Source: FRAMES
Topic(s): Emissions and Smoke, Models, Monitoring and Inventory, Safety
Region(s): International
Keywords: British Columbia, BCAPS - British Columbia Asthma Prediction System, public health, surveillance, forecasting, data integration, PM - particulate matter, PM2.5, asthma, respiratory health