Type
Topic
Region
Year
Displaying 5751 - 5775 of 5842
Alaska, the great northern frontier of America, is being reshaped by climate change. While rising temperatures are altering its character and landscape, they are also bringing the ravages of wildfires. In the past 60 years, Alaska has warmed more than twice as fast as the rest…
Person:
Year: 2015
Type: Document
Source: FRAMES
Topic(s): Climate, Emissions and Smoke, Fire Occurrence, Hazard and Risk
Region(s): Alaska
Keywords: climate change, C - carbon, area burned, fire season length
Alaska and its neighbor to the east, Canada, have kicked off wildfire season in a major way. Blazes have raged across the northern stretches of North America, sending smoke streaming down into the Lower 48 and leaving the landscape charred. The multitudes of fires is a glimpse…
Person:
Year: 2015
Type: Document
Source: FRAMES
Topic(s): Climate, Emissions and Smoke, Fire Behavior, Fire Effects
Region(s): Alaska
Keywords: peatlands, C - carbon, climate change
Wild and prescribed fires currently burn about 20,100 ha per year in Washington west of the Cascade Crest: prehistoric wildfires burned an estimated 19,200 ha per year. Modern burning consumes 38 g/m²/yr of fuel; the estimated prehistoric rate was 35 g/m²/yr over a 50-percent…
Person:
Year: 1983
Type: Document
Source: FRAMES, TTRS
Topic(s): Aviation, Climate, Emissions and Smoke, Fire Behavior, Fire Ecology, Fire Effects, Fire History, Fuels, Prescribed Fire
Region(s): Northwest
Keywords: prehistoric fires, smoke production, fuel consumption, western Washington, Abies amabilis, aerial ignition, air quality, C - carbon, catastrophic fires, coniferous forests, disturbance, ecosystem dynamics, elevation, evergreens, fire frequency, fire hazard reduction, fire intensity, fire management, fire management planning, fire regimes, fire weather, foliage, forest types, heavy fuels, lightning caused fires, litter, logging, multiple resource management, national parks, natural resource management, Picea sitchensis, population density, prehistoric fires, season of fire, slash, smoke effects, smoke management, statistical analysis, Thuja plicata, Tsuga heterophylla, Tsuga mertensiana, understory vegetation, wildfires
Boreal fires burn into carbon-rich organic soils, thereby releasing large quantities of trace gases and aerosols that influence atmospheric composition and climate. To better understand the factors regulating boreal fire emissions, we developed a statistical model of carbon…
Person:
Year: 2015
Type: Document
Source: FRAMES, TTRS
Topic(s): Emissions and Smoke, Fire Effects, Models
Region(s): Alaska
Keywords: aerosols, trace gases, carbon consumption, fire size, wildfires, air quality, C - carbon, organic soils, remote sensing, fire management, forest management, boreal forests
A record of prehistoric and historic burning of carbonaceous materials may be found in the elemental carbon contents of the sedimentary columns. The widespread dissemination of such carbon as microcrystalline graphite is indicated by its presence in atmospheric dusts collected…
Person:
Year: 1973
Type: Document
Source: FRAMES, TTRS
Topic(s): Aquatic, Emissions and Smoke, Fire Behavior, Fire Effects, Fire History, Fuels
Region(s): International
Keywords: C - carbon, marine sediments, aerosols, ash, charcoal, combustion, coniferous forests, dust, energy, fossils, fuel types, gases, geology, glaciers, hardwood forest, manganese, Mediterranean habitats, minerals, particulates, savannas, sedimentation, soils, soot, temperature, tropical forest, tundra, wildfires, wind, wood chemistry
In this paper, we analyze the current and future status of forests in Ukraine and Belarus that were contaminated after the nuclear disaster in 1986. Using several models, together with remote-sensing data and observations, we studied how climate change in these forests may…
Person:
Year: 2015
Type: Document
Source: FRAMES, TTRS
Topic(s): Climate, Emissions and Smoke, Fire Effects, Fire History, Fire Occurrence, Hazard and Risk, Intelligence
Region(s): International
Keywords: fire regimes, litter, carbon stock, Chernobyl, climate change, fire risk, Ukraine, Belarus, Cesium-137, redistribution, biomass burning, crown fires, fire intensity, wildfires, C - carbon, cover, distribution, drought, radiation, mortality, remote sensing, snags, fire management, forest management
Savanna ecosystems comprise 22% of the global terrestrial surface and 25% of Australia (almost 1.9 million km2) and provide significant ecosystem services through carbon and water cycles and the maintenance of biodiversity. The current structure, composition and distribution of…
Person:
Year: 2015
Type: Document
Source: FRAMES, TTRS
Topic(s): Climate, Emissions and Smoke, Fire Effects, Fire Occurrence
Region(s): International
Keywords: carbon balance, savannas, Australia, biomass burning, greenhouse gas, climate feedbacks, fire regimes, wildfires, aerosols, air temperature, C - carbon, humidity, precipitation, radiation, wind, ecosystem dynamics, fire management, forest management
Fire-driven deforestation is the major source of carbon emissions from Amazonia. Recent expansion of mechanized agriculture in forested regions of Amazonia has increased the average size of deforested areas, but related changes in fire dynamics remain poorly characterized. We…
Person:
Year: 2008
Type: Document
Source: FRAMES, TTRS
Topic(s): Emissions and Smoke, Fire Effects, Fuels
Region(s): International
Keywords: combustion, carbon emissions, deforestation, fire activity, land use change, MODIS - Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer, Amazon, Brazil, agricultural development, soybeans, agriculture, Bolivia, C - carbon, cerrado, croplands, fire frequency, fire management, land use, remote sensing, savannas, season of fire, wildfires, woody fuels
Tropical peatlands have accumulated huge soil carbon over millennia. However, the carbon pool is presently disturbed on a large scale by land development and management, and consequently has become vulnerable. Peat degradation occurs most rapidly and massively in Indonesia,…
Person:
Year: 2012
Type: Document
Source: FRAMES, TTRS
Topic(s): Emissions and Smoke, Fire Effects
Region(s): International
Keywords: carbon balance, CO2 - carbon dioxide, drainage, groundwater, Indonesia, eddy covariance, peat swamp forest, peat decomposition, wildfires, C - carbon, deforestation, disturbance, soil nutrients, Asia, fire management, land management, smoke management, soil management, peatlands, swamps, tropical forest
In Southeast Asia, a huge amount of peat has accumulated under swamp forests over millennia. Fires have been widely used for land clearing after timber extraction, thus land conversion and land management with logging and drainage are strongly associated with fire activity.…
Person:
Year: 2014
Type: Document
Source: FRAMES, TTRS
Topic(s): Emissions and Smoke, Fire Effects
Region(s): International
Keywords: carbon balance, peat fires, soil temperature, Asia, groundwater, heterotrophic respiration, oxidation, ecosystem respiration, peat swamp forest, wildfires, C - carbon, carbon dioxide, decomposition, drainage, ENSO - El Nino Southern Oscillation, logging, Indonesia, Asia, fire management, land management, peatlands, tropical regions, watersheds
Marine Corps Base Camp Lejeune (MCBCL) near Jacksonville, NC served as platform for field experiments that allow linking fuel condition and consumption with emissions of gaseous and fine particulate (PM2.5) pollutants from prescribed burning (PB). The link between fuel…
Person:
Year: 2014
Type: Document
Source: FRAMES, TTRS
Topic(s): Emissions and Smoke, Fire Effects, Fuels, Prescribed Fire
Region(s): Southern
Keywords: air quality, fuel treatments, North Carolina, thinning, fuel consumption, combustion products, fire dependent species, fire hazard reduction, fuel moisture, C - carbon, military lands, particulates, Picoides borealis, red-cockaded woodpeckers, Pinus palustris, longleaf pine, Pinus taeda, loblolly pine, forest management, smoke management, coastal plain, pine forests, savannas, SFP - Southern Fire Portal
Following forest harvest, residues left on site are often piled and burned. Quantification of residue piles is required in many jurisdictions to estimate billable waste, harvest efficiency, smoke emissions, C budgets, and available bioenergy biomass. Piled residues and harvested…
Person:
Year: 2014
Type: Document
Source: FRAMES, TTRS
Topic(s): Emissions and Smoke, Fuels
Region(s): International
Keywords: Canada, LiDAR - Light Detection and Ranging, remote sensing, British Columbia, carbon emissions, forest residue, pile burn, bioenergy, woody fuels, air quality, biomass, C - carbon, GIS - geographic information system, litter, population density, Pseudotsuga menziesii, Douglas-fir, fire management, forest management, fuel management, smoke management, second growth forests
Forest fires are an important disturbance in the boreal forest. They are influenced by climate, weather, topography, vegetation, surface deposits and human activities. In return, forest fires affect the climate through emission of gases and aerosols, and changes in surface…
Person:
Year: 2014
Type: Document
Source: FRAMES, TTRS
Topic(s): Climate, Emissions and Smoke, Fire Effects, Models
Region(s): Alaska, International
Keywords: boreal forest, C - carbon, fire regimes, climate change, global warming, fire intensity, wildfires, aerosols, air quality, albedo, disturbance, GIS - geographic information system, succession, fire management, forest management
The relative contributions of double counting of carbon emissions between forest-to-nonforest cover change (FNCC) and forest wildfires are an unknown in estimating net forest carbon exchanges at large scales. This study employed land-cover change maps and forest fire data in the…
Person:
Year: 2013
Type: Document
Source: FRAMES, TTRS
Topic(s): Emissions and Smoke, Fire Effects
Region(s): California, Eastern, Northwest, Southern
Keywords: burn severity, carbon emissions, land cover change, carbon double counting, fire intensity, fire size, wildfires, C - carbon, greenhouse gases, remote sensing, fire management, forest management, smoke management
The diverse forest types of the southwestern US are inseparable from fire. Across climate zones in California, Nevada, Arizona, and New Mexico, fire suppression has left many forest types out of sync with their historic fire regimes. As a result, high fuel loads place them at…
Person:
Year: 2014
Type: Document
Source: FRAMES, TTRS
Topic(s): Climate, Emissions and Smoke, Fire Ecology, Fire Effects, Fire History
Region(s): California, Great Basin, Southwest
Keywords: biodiversity, C - carbon, adaptation, mitigation, crown scorch, fire exclusion, fire regimes, fire suppression, flammability, fuel loading, surface fires, wildfires, climate change, ENSO - El Nino Southern Oscillation, thinning, Abies concolor, white fir, Engelmann spruce, Picea engelmannii, Pinus edulis, pinyon pine, Pinus ponderosa, ponderosa pine, Pinus strobiformis, southwestern white pine, Populus tremuloides, quaking aspen, Pseudotsuga menziesii, Douglas-fir, Quercus gambelii, Gambel oak, ecosystem dynamics, fire management, forest management, coniferous forests
We used a Landsat Thematic Mapper (TM) image from the 2011 Wallow fire in Arizona, USA, in combination with field data to assess different methods for determining fire severity. These include the normalised burn ratio (NBR), the differenced NBR (dNBR), the relative dNBR (RdNBR)…
Person:
Year: 2013
Type: Document
Source: FRAMES, TTRS
Topic(s): Emissions and Smoke, Fire Effects, Fire Occurrence, Intelligence, Models
Region(s): Southwest
Keywords: fire severity, NBR - Normalized Burn Ratio, Arizona, carbon cycle, Landsat TM (Thematic Mapper), spectral analysis, burning efficiency, Wallow Fire, fire case histories, fire intensity, wildfires, air quality, C - carbon, duff, litter, remote sensing, shrubs, size classes, statistical analysis, Pinus ponderosa, ponderosa pine, fire management, forest management, soil management, coniferous forests
Accurate estimation of the canopy fuel load that is consumed during crown fires is critical for improving our knowledge of crown fire behaviour and for quantifying emissions of carbon and other gases during this type of fire. However, there is a lack of information about the…
Person:
Year: 2013
Type: Document
Source: FRAMES, TTRS
Topic(s): Emissions and Smoke, Fire Behavior, Fuels
Region(s): International
Keywords: active crown fire, canopy fuel load, carbon emissions, Spain, maritime pine, Pinus pinaster, vertical canopy profile, crown fires, fine fuels, fuel loading, air quality, C - carbon, overstory, Pinus pinaster, maritime pine, Europe, fire management, forest management
We determined the difference in carbon (C) stocks and C emissions between treated and untreated ponderosa pine stands over 100 years on the Apache and Sitgreaves National Forests, Arizona, USA, under assumed treatment scenarios, wildfire frequency, and annual percentage of area…
Person:
Year: 2013
Type: Document
Source: FRAMES, TTRS
Topic(s): Economics, Emissions and Smoke, Fuels
Region(s): Southwest
Keywords: fire frequency, fuel reduction treatments, Pinus ponderosa, ponderosa pine, area burned, Arizona, carbon stock, wood products, reversal risk ratings, carbon credit, fire hazard reduction, fire regimes, C - carbon, national forests, thinning, Pinus ponderosa, ponderosa pine, Arizona, fire management, forest management, coniferous forests
Wildfires have major effects on forest dynamics, succession and the carbon cycle in the boreal biome. They are a significant source of carbon emissions, and current observed changes in wildfire regimes due to changes in climate could affect the balance of the boreal carbon pool…
Person:
Year: 2009
Type: Document
Source: FRAMES, TTRS
Topic(s): Emissions and Smoke, Fire Behavior, Fire Ecology, Fire Effects, Fire Occurrence
Region(s): International
Keywords: boreal forest, NDVI - Normalized Difference Vegetation Index, regeneration, remote sensing, MODIS - Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer, post-fire recovery, Siberia, wildfire, age classes, air quality, Asia, C - carbon, coniferous forests, cover, deciduous forests, disturbance, evergreens, fire adaptations, fire frequency, fire management, fire size, forest management, leaves, moisture, Russia, statistical analysis, succession, vegetation surveys
Approximately 20 experimental fires were conducted on forest plots of 1-4 ha each in 2000-07 in two types of boreal forests in central Siberia, and 18 on 6 x 12-m plots in 2008-10. These experiments were designed to mimic wildfires under similar burning conditions. The fires…
Person:
Year: 2012
Type: Document
Source: FRAMES, TTRS
Topic(s): Emissions and Smoke, Fuels, Prescribed Fire
Region(s): International
Keywords: boreal forest, black carbon, elemental carbon, organic carbon, Siberia, chemical composition, smoke particulates, biomass burning, experimental fire, fire intensity, fire weather, wildfires, C - carbon, organic matter, particulates, statistical analysis, Russia, fire management, forest management, smoke management, coniferous forests
Forest floor data are important for many forest resource management applications. In terms of fire and forest carbon dynamics, these data are critical for modeling direct carbon emissions from wildfire in Canadian forests because forest floor organic material is usually the…
Person:
Year: 2012
Type: Document
Source: FRAMES, TTRS
Topic(s): Emissions and Smoke, Fuels, Models
Region(s): International
Keywords: Canada, forest floor, fuel loading, fuel depth, surface fuels, age classes, air quality, C - carbon, drainage, size classes, understory vegetation, vegetation surveys, ecosystem dynamics, fire management, forest management, fuel management, boreal forests, coniferous forests, prairie, taiga
Boreal forest fires are an important source of terrestrial carbon emissions, particularly during years of widespread wildfires. Most carbon emission models parameterize wildfire impacts and carbon flux to area burned by fires, therein making the assumption that fires consume a…
Person:
Year: 2012
Type: Document
Source: FRAMES
Topic(s): Climate, Emissions and Smoke, Fire Ecology, Fire Effects, Models
Region(s): Alaska
Keywords: dNBR - differenced (or delta) Normalized Burn Ratio, boreal forest, C - carbon, area burned, NLCD - National Land Cover Database
This study quantifies the short-term effects of low-, moderate-, and high-severity fire on carbon pools and fluxes in the Eastern Cascades of Oregon. We surveyed 64 forest stands across four fires that burned 41,000 ha (35%) of the Metolius Watershed in 2002 and 2003,…
Person:
Year: 2009
Type: Document
Source: FRAMES, TTRS
Topic(s): Climate, Emissions and Smoke, Fire Behavior, Fire Ecology, Fire Effects, Fire Occurrence
Region(s): Northwest
Keywords: carbon balance, disturbance, Pinus ponderosa, ponderosa pine, heterotrophic respiration, mixed severity fire regimes, NEP - Net Ecosystem Productivity, Oregon, NPP - net primary production, Cascade Range, Abies grandis, Arctostaphylos patula, biomass, Calamagrostis rubescens, Calocedrus decurrens, C - carbon, Ceanothus velutinus, combustion, coniferous forests, decomposition, ecosystem dynamics, Elymus elymoides, Epilobium angustifolium, Festuca idahoensis, fire frequency, fire intensity, fire management, fire regimes, fire size, forest management, Larix occidentalis, lightning caused fires, mortality, overstory, Pinus, Pinus contorta, population density, Pteridium aquilinum, Purshia tridentata, sloping terrain, stand characteristics, Vicia americana, watersheds, wildfires, wood
Data on the optical absorption properties (expressed as a specific absorption, Ba) of the smoke emissions from fires with forest fuels have been determined for a series of low-intensity field fires and a series of laboratory scale fires. The Ba data have been used to estimate…
Person:
Year: 1986
Type: Document
Source: FRAMES, TTRS
Topic(s): Climate, Emissions and Smoke, Fire Behavior, Fire Effects, Fuels, Prescribed Fire
Region(s): Alaska, California, Eastern, Great Basin, Hawaii, Northern Rockies, Northwest, Rocky Mountain, Southern, Southwest, National
Keywords: absorption, laboratory fires, emission factors, smoke aerosol emissions, large wildfires, graphitic carbon, aerosols, air quality, broadcast burning, C - carbon, chemistry, climatology, field experimental fires, fire intensity, fuel types, laboratory fires, live fuels, logging, low intensity burns, needles, nuclear winter, organic matter, pine, post-fire recovery, radiation, slash, smoke behavior, tropical forest, wildfires
Eighteen experimental fires were used to compare measured and calculated values for emission factors and fuel consumption to evaluate the carbon balance technique. The technique is based on a model for the emission factor of carbon dioxide, corrected for the production of other…
Person:
Year: 1982
Type: Document
Source: FRAMES, TTRS
Topic(s): Emissions and Smoke, Fuels, Models, Prescribed Fire
Region(s): Alaska, California, Eastern, Great Basin, Hawaii, Northern Rockies, Northwest, Rocky Mountain, Southern, Southwest, National
Keywords: laboratory fires, smoke management, forest fire smoke, smoke plume concentrations, air quality, C - carbon, carbon dioxide, gases, particulates, smoke behavior