Type
Topic
Region
Year
Displaying 826 - 850 of 5840
Smoke from wildland fire presents a serious and growing concern. Mirroring global trends in recent decades, many areas of the US are experiencing increasing wildfire size, severity, and frequency. The health hazard of smoke from wildland fire has been well-documented (see…
Person:
Year: 2021
Type: Document
Source: FRAMES
Topic(s): Communications, Economics, Emissions and Smoke, Prescribed Fire, Social Science
Region(s): Alaska, California, Eastern, Great Basin, Hawaii, Northern Rockies, Northwest, Rocky Mountain, Southern, Southwest, National
Keywords: public perceptions, wildfire, managed fire, public tolerance of smoke, literature review, public health, manager perceptions, NWFSC - Northwest Fire Science Consortium
Wildland fires can emit substantial amounts of air pollution that may pose a risk to those in proximity (e.g., first responders, nearby residents) as well as downwind populations. Quickly deploying air pollution measurement capabilities in response to incidents has been limited…
Person:
Year: 2021
Type: Document
Source: FRAMES
Topic(s): Emissions and Smoke, Mapping, Monitoring and Inventory
Region(s): Alaska, California, Eastern, Great Basin, Hawaii, Northern Rockies, Northwest, Rocky Mountain, Southern, Southwest, International, National
Keywords: wildland fire, wildfire, sensors, performance, PM - particulate matter, CO - carbon monoxide, CO2 - carbon dioxide, O3 - ozone, air pollution, EPA - Environmental Protection Agency
Background
In California, state prison inmates are employed to fight wildfires, which involves performing soil‐disrupting work. Wildfires have become more common, including areas where Coccidioides, the soil‐dwelling fungus that causes coccidioidomycosis, proliferates. However,…
Person:
Year: 2021
Type: Document
Source: FRAMES
Topic(s): Emissions and Smoke, Safety
Region(s): California
Keywords: Coccidioides, coccidioidomycosis, inmate crew, firefighters, wildfires, respirator, public health
Rationale
The effects of wildfire smoke inhalation on the immune system are unknown. We hypothesized that wildfire smoke exposure activates an innate immune response.
Methods
Healthy subjects were recruited during the time of smoke exposure [WF; n=7] and 3-6 months post-wildfire…
Person:
Year: 2021
Type: Document
Source: FRAMES
Topic(s): Emissions and Smoke
Region(s): California
Keywords: human health, immune function, smoke exposure, dendritic cell
This paper presents model results for the dispersion of radionuclides released into the atmosphere by intense forest fires in the Chernobyl Exclusion Zone in April 2020. The 137Cs activity concentration in the surface air is calculated on a regional scale (in Ukraine) and a…
Person:
Year: 2021
Type: Document
Source: FRAMES
Topic(s): Emissions and Smoke, Fire Effects, Models
Region(s): International
Keywords: Chernobyl, wildland fire, radionuclides, atmospheric transport, satellite monitoring, Ukraine
Background and purpose: We describe a novel, interprofessional, experiential training involving pharmacy students in response to a health emergency in rural Montana (MT).
Educational activity and setting: Fourth-year pharmacy students on clinical rotations were recruited to…
Person:
Year: 2021
Type: Document
Source: FRAMES
Topic(s): Emissions and Smoke, Fire Effects
Region(s): Northern Rockies
Keywords: Montana, interprofessional, wildfires, health screening
Wildfires can have rapid and long-term effects on air quality, human health, climate change, and the environment. Smoke from large wildfires can travel long distances and have a harmful effect on human health, the environment, and climate in other areas. More recently, in 2018–…
Person:
Year: 2021
Type: Document
Source: FRAMES
Topic(s): Emissions and Smoke, Fire Occurrence, Mapping, Monitoring and Inventory, Weather
Region(s): California, Great Basin, Northwest, International
Keywords: air pollution, CALIPSO, Sentinel-5P, biomass burning, black carbon, Brazil, Australia
Wildfire occurrence and severity in the Mediterranean region during the summer season is increasing, being favoured by climate change-induced conditions (i.e., drought, heatwaves). Moreover, additional natural sources frequently impact this region, particularly Saharan dust…
Person:
Year: 2021
Type: Document
Source: FRAMES
Topic(s): Emissions and Smoke, Fire Effects, Fire Occurrence, Mapping, Models
Region(s): International
Keywords: Mediterranean basin, PM - particulate matter, PM2.5, PM10, Saharan dust, natural, source, NAAPS - Navy Aerosol Analysis and Prediction System, VIIRS - Visible Infrared Imaging Radiometer Suite, Hybrid Single-Particle Lagrangian Integrated Trajectory (HYSPLIT), WRF - Weather Research and Forecasting
Prescribed fire can result in significant benefits to ecosystems and society. Examples include improved wildlife habitat, enhanced biodiversity, reduced threat of destructive wildfire, and enhanced ecosystem resilience. Prescribed fire can also come with costs, such as reduced…
Person: Hunter
Year: 2021
Type: Media
Source: FRAMES
Topic(s): Economics, Emissions and Smoke, Fire Behavior, Fire Ecology, Fire Effects, Fuels, Hazard and Risk, Models, Planning, Prescribed Fire
Region(s): Alaska, California, Eastern, Great Basin, Hawaii, Northern Rockies, Northwest, Rocky Mountain, Southern, Southwest, International, National
Keywords: wildfire regimes, cumulative effects, fire frequency, fire extent, total area burned, fire severity, resilience, treatment effects, forest carbon
The late-season extreme fire activity in Southcentral Alaska during 2019 was highly unusual and consequential. Firefighting operations had to be extended by a month in 2019 due to the extreme conditions of hot summer temperature and prolonged drought. The ongoing fires created…
Person:
Year: 2021
Type: Document
Source: FRAMES
Topic(s): Climate, Economics, Emissions and Smoke, Fire Behavior, Fire Occurrence, Safety
Region(s): Alaska
Keywords: boreal forest, wildland fire, wildfire, climate change, drought, PM2.5, PM - particulate matter, BUI - CFFDRS Buildup Index, SPEI - standardized precipitation-evapotranspiration index, RCP 8.5, LENS - Large Ensemble, temperature, precipitation, air quality, public health
Many Australians are intermittently exposed to landscape fire smoke from wildfires or planned (prescribed) burns. This study aimed to investigate effects of outdoor smoke from planned burns, wildfires and a coal mine fire by assessing biomarkers of inflammation in an exposed and…
Person:
Year: 2021
Type: Document
Source: FRAMES
Topic(s): Emissions and Smoke, Fire Effects, Prescribed Fire, Safety
Region(s): International
Keywords: PM - particulate matter, PM2.5, landscape fire, bushfire, Australia, biomarkers, FeNO - fractional exhaled nitric oxide, neutrophils, white cell count, public health, wildfire
To evaluate the health effects of wildfire smoke, it is crucial to identify reliable models, at fine spatiotemporal resolution, of exposure to wildfire-generated PM2.5. To this end, satellite-drived aerosol optical depth (AOD) measurements are widely used in exposure models,…
Person:
Year: 2021
Type: Document
Source: FRAMES
Topic(s): Emissions and Smoke, Mapping, Models, Monitoring and Inventory, Safety
Region(s): International
Keywords: wildfire, Canada, AOD - aerosol optical depth, PM2.5, PM - particulate matter, ANN - artificial neural networks, MLR - Multinomial Logistic Regression, spatiotemporal modelling, smoke exposure, public health, Alberta
Although the characteristics of biomass burning events and the ambient ecosystem determine emitted smoke composition, the conditions that modulate the partitioning of black carbon (BC) and brown carbon (BrC) formation are not well understood, nor are the spatial or temporal…
Person:
Year: 2020
Type: Document
Source: FRAMES
Topic(s): Emissions and Smoke, Mapping, Monitoring and Inventory
Region(s): Alaska, California, Eastern, Great Basin, Hawaii, Northern Rockies, Northwest, Rocky Mountain, Southern, Southwest, National
Keywords: biomass burning, remote sensing, MISR - Multi-angle Imaging SpectroRadiometer, smoke plume, particle properties, aerosols, FIREX‐AQ - Fire Influence on Regional to Global Environments and Air Quality, wildfire, smoke plume height, air quality
Landscape fires are substantial sources of (greenhouse) gases and aerosols. Fires in savanna landscapes represent more than half of global fire carbon emissions. Quantifying emissions from fires relies on accurate burned area, fuel load and burning efficiency data. Of these,…
Person:
Year: 2021
Type: Document
Source: FRAMES
Topic(s): Emissions and Smoke, Fire Effects, Fuels, Models
Region(s): International
Keywords: Africa, biomass burning, fuel load, savanna fires, drones, UAS - Unmanned Aircraft System, remote sensing, carbon emissions, area burned
Recent dramatic and deadly increases in global wildfire activity have increased attention on the causes of wildfires, their consequences, and how risk from wildfire might be mitigated. Here we bring together data on the changing risk and societal burden of wildfire in the United…
Person:
Year: 2021
Type: Document
Source: FRAMES
Topic(s): Climate, Emissions and Smoke, Hazard and Risk, Models, Safety, Wildland-Urban Interface (WUI)
Region(s): California, Eastern, Great Basin, Northern Rockies, Northwest, Rocky Mountain, Southern, Southwest
Keywords: wildfire, air pollution, climate change, health impacts, PM2.5, PM - particulate matter, COVID-19
Prescribed fire is an important tool for maintaining the resilience of fire-dependent ecosystems. Despite broad recognition of its value, however, prescribed fire application in the western US has not been applied at the necessary levels. Past research has identified a range of…
Person:
Year: 2020
Type: Document
Source: FRAMES
Topic(s): Administration, Emissions and Smoke, Planning, Prescribed Fire, Regulations and Legislation
Region(s): California, Great Basin, Northern Rockies, Northwest, Rocky Mountain, Southwest
Keywords: policy, collaboration, funding, incentives
In recent decades, global warming has contributed to an increase in the number and intensity of wildfires destroying millions hectares of forest areas and causing many casualties each year. Firemen must therefore have the most effective means to prevent any wildfire from…
Person:
Year: 2021
Type: Document
Source: FRAMES
Topic(s): Emissions and Smoke, Fire Occurrence, Mapping, Models, Monitoring and Inventory
Region(s): International
Keywords: convolutional neural network, fire detection, smoke detection, semantic segmentation
Wildfires in the western U.S. are large sources of particulate matter, and the area burned by wildfires is predicted to increase in the future. Some particles released from wildfires can affect cloud formation by serving as ice nucleating particles (INPs). INPs have numerous…
Person:
Year: 2021
Type: Document
Source: FRAMES
Topic(s): Emissions and Smoke, Fire Effects
Region(s): California, Great Basin, Northern Rockies, Northwest, Rocky Mountain, Southwest
Keywords: ice nucleating particles, biomass burning, wildfires, PM - particulate matter
Emissions from a stand replacement prescribed burn were sampled using an unmanned aircraft system (UAS, or 'drone') in Fishlake National Forest, Utah, U.S.A. Sixteen flights over three days in June 2019 provided emission factors for a broad range of compounds including carbon…
Person:
Year: 2021
Type: Document
Source: FRAMES
Topic(s): Emissions and Smoke, Prescribed Fire
Region(s): Great Basin
Keywords: Utah, wildfires, measurements, drones, UAS - Unmanned Aircraft System, Fishlake National Forest, air pollution
Airborne fine particulate matter (PM2.5) represents the greatest ambient air pollution risk to health. Wildfires and managed burns, together referred to hereafter as ‘landscape’ fires, are a significant PM2.5 source in many regions worldwide, able to affect air quality in areas…
Person:
Year: 2021
Type: Document
Source: FRAMES
Topic(s): Emissions and Smoke, Fire Effects
Region(s): Alaska, California, Eastern, Great Basin, Hawaii, Northern Rockies, Northwest, Rocky Mountain, Southern, Southwest, International, National
Keywords: PM2.5, PM - particulate matter, air quality, landscape fire, population mortality, AQI - Air Quality Index
Poor air quality is an emerging problem in Australia primarily due to ozone pollution events and lengthening and more severe wildfire seasons. A significant deterioration in air quality was experienced in Australia’s most populous cities, Melbourne and Sydney, as a result of…
Person:
Year: 2021
Type: Document
Source: FRAMES
Topic(s): Emissions and Smoke, Fire Effects
Region(s): International
Keywords: air quality, meteorological normalization, PM - particulate matter, pollution health impact, COVID-19, Australia
Wildfires over the past 3 years have resulted in lengthy episodes of smoke inundation across major metropolitan areas in Australia, Brazil, and the United States. In 2020, air quality across the western United States reached and sustained extremely unhealthy to hazardous levels…
Person:
Year: 2020
Type: Document
Source: FRAMES
Topic(s): Emissions and Smoke, Fire Effects
Region(s): Alaska, California, Eastern, Great Basin, Hawaii, Northern Rockies, Northwest, Rocky Mountain, Southern, Southwest, International, National
Keywords: Australia, Brazil, PM - particulate matter, health impacts, air quality, human health
Smoke, as a prominent character of combustion, is widely regarded as a signal of forest fire. Existing in a video-based smoke root detection methods on rely the distance between smoke and the lens, which is one of the most challenging parts. In relatively close distances, the…
Person:
Year: 2021
Type: Document
Source: FRAMES
Topic(s): Emissions and Smoke, Mapping, Monitoring and Inventory
Region(s): International
Keywords: China, video monitoring, smoke detection, smoke root, full scale, fusion, image, MSER - Maximally Stable Extremal Region, ViBe algorithm
Biomass combustion plays an important role in the earth's biogeochemical cycling. The monitoring of wildfires and their associated variables at global scales is feasible and can lead to predictions of the influence of combustion on biogeochemical cycling and tropospheric…
Person:
Year: 1988
Type: Document
Source: FRAMES
Topic(s): Emissions and Smoke, Fire Behavior, Fire Effects, Fire Occurrence, Mapping, Monitoring and Inventory
Region(s): California
Keywords: thermal analysis, wildfires, biogeochemical cycles, biomass burning, remote sensing, AVHRR - Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer
Biomass burning from grassland, forests, and agricultural waste results in large amounts of gases and particles emitted to the atmosphere, which affect air quality, population health, crop development, and natural vegetation. Regional atmospheric circulations can transport those…
Person:
Year: 2021
Type: Document
Source: FRAMES
Topic(s): Emissions and Smoke, Fire Effects
Region(s): International
Keywords: biomass burning, Mexico, agricultural practices, smoke plume, protected area, natural areas, satellite data