Type
Topic
Region
Year
Displaying 5601 - 5625 of 5844
Intercontinental Transport of Ozone and Precursors (ITOP) ( part of International Consortium for Atmospheric Research on Transport and Transformation (ICARTT)) was an intense research effort to measure long-range transport of pollution across the North Atlantic and its impact on…
Person:
Year: 2007
Type: Document
Source: FRAMES
Topic(s): Aviation, Emissions and Smoke, Fire Effects, Models
Region(s): Alaska
Keywords: CO - carbon monoxide, tropospheric ozone, Alaska wildfires, biomass burning emissions inventories, Canadian wildfires, chemical transport model, ICARTT - International Consortium for Atmospheric Research on Transport and Transformation, ITOP - Intercontinental Transport of Ozone and Precursors, long-range transport of pollution, North Atlantic, O3 - ozone, plumes, p-TOMCAT
In the boreal forest, high-intensity crown fires account for an overwhelming proportion of the area burned yearly. Quantifying the amount of black carbon (BC) from boreal crown fires in Canada is essential for assessing the effect on regional climate from natural wildfire…
Person:
Year: 2002
Type: Document
Source: FRAMES
Topic(s): Climate, Emissions and Smoke, Fire Behavior
Region(s): Alaska, International
Keywords: Canada, atmospheric particles, black carbon, climate change, elemental carbon, biomass burning, boreal forest fires
The Russian boreal forest contains approximately 25% of the global terrestrial biomass, and even a higher percentage of the carbon stored in litter and soils. Fire burns large areas annually, much of it in low-severity surface fires - but data on fire area and impacts or extent…
Person:
Year: 2002
Type: Document
Source: FRAMES, TTRS
Topic(s): Climate, Communications, Emissions and Smoke, Fire Behavior, Fire Ecology, Fire Effects, Fuels, Intelligence, Mapping, Models, Monitoring and Inventory, Prescribed Fire
Region(s): International
Keywords: air quality, boreal forest, biomass, fire regimes, fire severity, area burned, carbon emissions, carbon storage, climate change, Siberia, broadcast burning, Canada, C - carbon, chemistry, cover, crown fires, dead fuels, disturbance, fire intensity, fire management, fire size, forest management, land use, litter, remote sensing, Russia, soils, surface fires, vegetation surveys, wildfires
Carbon emissions in fires in the boreal forests of Russia were calculated from data on the area burned, fire intensity, post-fire mortality and decomposition of fuels, and change in vegetation structure after fires. The actual area of boreal forests burned in Russia appears to…
Person:
Year: 1998
Type: Document
Source: FRAMES
Topic(s): Climate, Emissions and Smoke, Fire Ecology, Fire Effects
Region(s): Alaska, California, Eastern, Great Basin, Hawaii, Northern Rockies, Northwest, Rocky Mountain, Southern, Southwest, National
Keywords: boreal forest, fire frequency, fire intensity, carbon emissions, carbon sink, carbon stock, human impacts
CO sub(2)-normalized emission ratios (Delta X/ Delta CO sub(2); V/V; where Delta X and Delta CO sub(2) identical with the enhancement of trace gas and CO sub(2), respectively, above background levels) for carbon monoxide (CO), hydrogen (H sub(2)), methane (CH sub(4)), total…
Person:
Year: 1990
Type: Document
Source: FRAMES, TTRS
Topic(s): Climate, Emissions and Smoke, Fire Behavior, Fire Ecology, Fire Effects, Fuels, Prescribed Fire
Region(s): Southern, International
Keywords: Canada, CH4 - methane, CO2 - carbon dioxide, CO - carbon monoxide, greenhouse gas emissions, N2O - nitrous oxide, biomass burning, Abies balsamea, air quality, Betula papyrifera, biomass, boreal forests, Florida, chemistry, climatology, combustion, ecosystem dynamics, fuel types, gases, grasses, habitat types, H2 - hydrogen, litter, Ontario, Picea mariana, Populus tremuloides, regeneration, sampling, season of fire, Thuja occidentalis, wetlands
Low-level helicopter flights were used to collect samples of smoke from burning chaparral in southern California and over a boreal forest fire in norther Ontario, Canada. The smoke plume samples were analyzed for carbon dioxide (CO2), carbon monoxide (CO), hydrogen (H2), methane…
Person:
Year: 1989
Type: Document
Source: FRAMES
Topic(s): Emissions and Smoke, Fire Behavior
Region(s): Alaska, California, International
Keywords: boreal forest, southern California, Canada, chaparral, combustion, CO2 - carbon dioxide, CO - carbon monoxide, flaming combustion, N2O - nitrous oxide, smoldering combustion, trace gas emissions, CH4 - methane, northern Ontario, H2 - hydrogen
To determine factors controlling the carbon dynamics of an intensively managed landscape, we measured net CO2 exchange with the atmosphere using eddy covariance and soil CO2 fluxes using static chambers along a chronosequence of slash pine (Pinus elliottii var. elliottii)…
Person:
Year: 2004
Type: Document
Source: FRAMES
Topic(s): Emissions and Smoke, Fire Ecology, Fire Effects
Region(s): Eastern
Keywords: eddy-covariance method, management, slash pine, carbon cycle, net ecosystem exchange, Florida
Fires caused by natural or technological disasters emit large amounts of smoke which, once formed into plumes, may affect the human health and the environment. Satellite remote sensing data provide an effective tool to achieve detection and monitoring of these plumes over large…
Person:
Year: 2007
Type: Document
Source: FRAMES
Topic(s): Emissions and Smoke, Fire Effects, Models, Social Science
Region(s): California, International
Keywords: forest fire, remote sensing, human health, natural hazards, AVHRR imagery, England, Iraq, plume detection, plume monitoring, United Kingdom
Earlier work showed that Amazonian biomass burning produces both lofted and initially unlofted emissions in large amounts. A mobile, Fourier transform infrared spectrometer (FTIR) measured the unlofted emissions of 17 trace gases from residual smoldering combustion (RSC) of logs…
Person:
Year: 2007
Type: Document
Source: FRAMES
Topic(s): Emissions and Smoke, Prescribed Fire
Region(s): International
Keywords: FERA - Fire and Environmental Research Applications Team, Brazil, biomass burning, fire emissions
Trace gas and particle emissions were measured from 47 laboratory fires burning 16 regionally to globally significant fuel types. Instrumentation included the following: open-path Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy; proton transfer reaction mass spectrometry; filter…
Person:
Year: 2003
Type: Document
Source: FRAMES
Topic(s): Emissions and Smoke, Fuels
Region(s): International
Keywords: particulates, Indonesia, laboratory fires, Africa, trace gas emissions
Time-resolved optical properties of smoke particles from the controlled laboratory combustion of mid-latitude wildland fuels were determined for the first time using advanced techniques, including cavity ring-down/cavity enhanced detection (CRD/CED) for light extinction and two-…
Person:
Year: 2006
Type: Document
Source: FRAMES
Topic(s): Emissions and Smoke, Fire Effects, Fuels, Models
Region(s): Alaska, California, Eastern, Great Basin, Hawaii, Northern Rockies, Northwest, Rocky Mountain, Southern, Southwest, National
Keywords: fuel consumption, aerosols, particles, pollution, radiation
Although fire is crucial to the functioning and diversity of boreal forests, the second largest biome on Earth, there are few detailed studies of the effects of disturbance on surface-atmosphere interactions in these regions. We conducted tower-based micrometeorological…
Person:
Year: 2002
Type: Document
Source: FRAMES
Topic(s): Climate, Emissions and Smoke, Fire Ecology, Fire Effects, Fuels
Region(s): Alaska
Keywords: disturbance, eddy-covariance method, fire, soils, albedo, atmosphere, biosphere, black spruce, boreal, net radiation, Picea mariana, severity, radiative processes
The NOAA WP-3 aircraft intercepted aged forest fire plumes from Alaska and western Canada during several flights of the NEAQS-ITCT 2k4 mission in 2004. Measurements of acetonitrile (CH3CN) indicated that the air masses had been influenced by biomass burning. The locations of the…
Person:
Year: 2006
Type: Document
Source: FRAMES
Topic(s): Emissions and Smoke, Fire Behavior, Fire Effects
Region(s): Alaska, International
Keywords: Canada, fire weather, biomass combustion, plume composition, transport model, smoke plumes, VOC - volatile organic carbon
Summer 2004 saw severe forest fires in Alaska and the Yukon Territory that were mostly triggered by lightning strikes. The area burned (>2.7 x 10^6 ha) in the year 2004 was the highest on record to date in Alaska. Pollutant emissions from the fires lead to violation of…
Person:
Year: 2006
Type: Document
Source: FRAMES
Topic(s): Emissions and Smoke, Fire Effects, Models, Weather
Region(s): Alaska
Keywords: air quality, boreal forest, fire weather, LiDAR - Light Detection and Ranging, lightning, N - nitrogen, remote sensing, simulation, area burned, burning, emission, Fairbanks, fire activity, lightning strikes, measurement, quality, studies, summer, transport model, Yukon Territory, fires
We adopt a working definition of residual smoldering combustion (RSC) as biomass combustion that produces emissions that are not lofted by strong fire-induced convection. RSC emissions can be produced for up to several weeks after the passage of a flame front and they are mostly…
Person:
Year: 2003
Type: Document
Source: FRAMES
Topic(s): Emissions and Smoke, Fire Behavior, Fuels
Region(s): Alaska, California, Eastern, Great Basin, Hawaii, Northern Rockies, Northwest, Rocky Mountain, Southern, Southwest, National
Keywords: particles, smoldering combustion, trace gas emissions, biomass burning
(1) We used dendrochronology to reconstruct the transfer of coarse woody debris across a forest-stream interface in a fire-prone boreal landscape. A sequence of regulating factors was considered from source to sink of in-stream woody debris (SWD), including fire history at the…
Person:
Year: 2007
Type: Document
Source: FRAMES, TTRS
Topic(s): Aquatic, Emissions and Smoke, Fire Behavior, Fire Ecology, Fire Effects, Fire History, Fire Occurrence, Fuels, Intelligence
Region(s): International
Keywords: Canada, woody debris, boreal landscape, disturbance severity, ecosystem resilience, Quebec, riparian forest, SWD - in-stream woody debris, ecosystem coupling, forest-stream interface, lateral flow, nonlinear ecosystem dynamics, source-sink dynamics, BEHAVE, boreal forests, conifers, decay, dendrochronology, disturbance, ecosystem dynamics, erosion, fire case histories, fire frequency, fire intensity, fire management, fire scar analysis, forest management, litter, population density, post-fire recovery, residence time, riparian habitats, seed dispersal, seeds, serotiny, statistical analysis, wood, woody plants
Meteorological conditions, extremely conducive to fire development and spread in the spring of 1987, resulted in forest fires burning over extremely large areas in the boreal forest zone in northeastern China and the southeastern region of Siberia. The great China fire, one of…
Person:
Year: 1994
Type: Document
Source: FRAMES
Topic(s): Emissions and Smoke, Fire Effects, Fuels, Mapping, Weather
Region(s): International
Keywords: boreal forest, China, gas emissions, satellite imagery, Siberia
Aerosols from wildfires are the primary aerosols in the Arctic atmosphere during the summer months. These aerosols occur in large, increasing quantities and impact the sensitive radiative balance in the Arctic. FROSTFIRE, a controlled burn in a Long-Term Ecological Research Area…
Person:
Year: 2008
Type: Document
Source: FRAMES
Topic(s): Emissions and Smoke, Fire Behavior, Fire Effects, Prescribed Fire
Region(s): Alaska
Keywords: boreal forest, wildfire, Arctic, flaming phase, Frostfire, permafrost, smoke aerosols, aerosol impactor, smoldering phase
In Sept. 2003, a prescribed burn on the Uinta National Forest escaped, costing nearly $3 million to extinguish while choking Utah cities with smoke for a week. When the incident drew harsh criticism from local officials and news media, fire managers worried that prescribed…
Person:
Year: 2005
Type: Document
Source: FRAMES, TTRS
Topic(s): Emissions and Smoke, Fire Behavior, Fire Ecology, Fire Effects, Fire History, Fire Prevention, Fuels, Hazard and Risk, Intelligence, Outreach, Prescribed Fire, Social Science, Wildland-Urban Interface (WUI)
Region(s): Great Basin
Keywords: social acceptance, Uinta National Forest, disturbance, education, fire case histories, property damage, fire hazard reduction, fire management, forest management, fuel loading, fuel management, logging, national forests, natural areas management, escaped prescribed fires, public information, sampling, statistical analysis, thinning, Utah, vegetation surveys, wildfires, wildland fuels
Description not entered.
Person:
Year: 1974
Type: Document
Source: FRAMES
Topic(s): Emissions and Smoke, Fire Effects
Region(s): Unknown
Keywords:
A screening-level assessment of the health risks of chronic smoke exposure for wildland firefighters
A screening health risk assessment was performed to assess the upper-bound risks of cancer and noncancer adverse health effects among wildland firefighters performing wildfire suppression and prescribed burn management. Of the hundreds of chemicals in wildland fire smoke, we…
Person:
Year: 2004
Type: Document
Source: FRAMES, TTRS
Topic(s): Emissions and Smoke, Safety
Region(s): Alaska, California, Eastern, Great Basin, Hawaii, Northern Rockies, Northwest, Rocky Mountain, Southern, Southwest, National
Keywords: FERA - Fire and Environmental Research Applications Team, firefighter safety, smoke exposure, fire suppression, firefighting personnel, CO - carbon monoxide, diseases, toxicity, smoke management
Changes in climate, atmospheric carbon dioxide concentration and fire regimes have been occurring for decades in the global boreal forest, with future climate change likely to increase fire frequency - the primary disturbance agent in most boreal forests. Previous attempts to…
Person:
Year: 2007
Type: Document
Source: FRAMES, TTRS
Topic(s): Climate, Emissions and Smoke, Fire Effects, Fire History, Fire Occurrence, Models
Region(s): International
Keywords: boreal forests, Canada, carbon balance, fire regimes, carbon dynamics, net primary production, atmospheric carbon dioxide concentration, net biome production, vegetation dominance, Alberta, C - carbon, CO2 - carbon dioxide, climatology, competition, coniferous forests, conifers, deciduous forests, disturbance, dominance, drainage, fire frequency, fire management, fire size, forest management, Manitoba, mosses, Picea mariana, Populus tremuloides, precipitation, Saskatchewan, statistical analysis, temperature, trees, vascular plants, vegetation surveys, wildfires
We grew from seed the exotic invasive annual grass Bromus tectorum L., collected from three elevation ecotypes in northern Nevada, USA. Plants were exposed to four CO2 atmosphere concentrations: 270, 320, 370, and 420 umol mol-1. After harvest on day 87, above-ground tissue was…
Person:
Year: 2006
Type: Document
Source: FRAMES, TTRS
Topic(s): Emissions and Smoke, Fire Behavior, Fire Ecology, Fire Effects, Fuels
Region(s): Great Basin
Keywords: combustion, Forest Products Laboratory, grasses, grasslands, Atriplex spp., wildfires, Bromus, Bromus erectus, Bromus tectorum, Ca - calcium, C - carbon, CO2 - carbon dioxide, Cercocarpus ledifolius, char, ecosystem dynamics, elevation, fine fuels, fire management, fire regimes, flammability, fuel loading, fuel moisture, heat, humidity, invasive species, lignin, Nevada, manganese, N - nitrogen, K - potassium, Pseudoroegneria, statistical analysis
Recent investigations indicate that wildfires provide a significant flux of mercury (Hg) from terrestrial ecosystems to the atmosphere. However, little is known about how geographic location, climate, stand age, and tree species affect Hg accumulation prior to burning and loss…
Person:
Year: 2008
Type: Document
Source: FRAMES
Topic(s): Emissions and Smoke, Fire Effects
Region(s): Northwest
Keywords: wildfire, Hg - mercury, Washington, Rex Creek Fire, soil cores
Concentrations of mercury (Hg) in soil profiles and vegetation were examined in unburned areas and in areas recently burned by wildfires of low, medium, and high fire severities in western Wyoming. Paired unburned and burned sampling sites with similar tree species composition,…
Person:
Year: 2007
Type: Document
Source: FRAMES
Topic(s): Emissions and Smoke, Fire Effects
Region(s): Rocky Mountain
Keywords: soil, vegetation, wildfires, Hg - mercury, Wyoming, forest fire severity, tree species composition