Type
Topic
Region
Year
Displaying 4526 - 4550 of 5840
Fire behaviour in Victorian forests on Black Saturday on 7th February 2009 was characterised by fast moving crown fires in eucalypt forest, accompanied by frequent medium-long range fire brand spotting, and deep and intense pyro-convective smoke plumes. Factors contributing to…
Person:
Year: 2014
Type: Document
Source: FRAMES, TTRS
Topic(s): Emissions and Smoke, Fire Behavior, Fire Effects, Prescribed Fire, Weather
Region(s): International
Keywords: fire severity, effectiveness, fuel treatment, Australia, extreme fire weather, Black Saturday fires, crown fires, fire case histories, fire danger rating, fire intensity, fire weather, rate of spread, firebrands, photography, eucalyptus, Victoria, fire management, fuel management
Historical fire suppression efforts have led to the alteration of forest structure and fuel conditions across the United States. Correspondingly, managers are now faced with higher fuel loads and denser vegetation as well as growing forest communities and wildland-urban…
Person:
Year: 2012
Type: Document
Source: FRAMES
Topic(s): Emissions and Smoke, Fuels, Prescribed Fire, Wildland-Urban Interface (WUI)
Region(s): California, Northern Rockies, Northwest, Southern
Keywords: public opinion, decision making, public perceptions
Managers and policy-makers across broad disciplines and organizations are calling for a better understanding of public opinion on natural resource issues. One such issue is that of fire and its role in the management of our forests and rangelands. Public perceptions of fuel…
Person:
Year: 2013
Type: Document
Source: FRAMES
Topic(s): Emissions and Smoke, Fuels, Prescribed Fire, Social Science
Region(s): California, Northern Rockies, Northwest, Southern
Keywords: fuel reduction, public opinion, fire use, survey, public perceptions
The decision to use prescribed fire for the management of forests is a complex and uncertain process. The interplay of the risks and benefits from prescribed fires creates a high degree of uncertainty in outcomes that can lead to the use of various decision-heuristics, or mental…
Person:
Year: 2012
Type: Document
Source: FRAMES
Topic(s): Emissions and Smoke, Hazard and Risk, Prescribed Fire, Restoration and Rehabilitation, Wildland-Urban Interface (WUI)
Region(s): Southern
Keywords: South Carolina, decision making, fire use
The analysis of large forest and peat fires, the peculiarities of their development and the impact on the environment is conducted. The main characteristics of forest fires are considered. The thermal characteristics and evaluation of the heat generation of large forest fires…
Person:
Year: 2014
Type: Document
Source: FRAMES, TTRS
Topic(s): Emissions and Smoke, Fire Behavior, Fire Effects, Fire Occurrence, Hazard and Risk
Region(s): International
Keywords: peat fires, air pollution, Russia, forest fires, combustion products, fire damage (property), fire frequency, fire size, wildfires, air quality, pollution, fire management, forest management
FOFEM - A First Order Fire Effects Model - is a computer program that was developed to meet needs of resource managers, planners, and analysts in predicting and planning for fire effects. Quantitative predictions of fire effects are needed for planning prescribed fires that best…
Person:
Year: 2014
Type: Document
Source: FRAMES
Topic(s): Emissions and Smoke, Fire Effects, Fuels, Models
Region(s): Alaska, California, Eastern, Great Basin, Hawaii, Northern Rockies, Northwest, Rocky Mountain, Southern, Southwest, National
Keywords: FOFEM - First Order Fire Effects Model, duff, moisture regimes, soil heating, fuel consumption, tree mortality
Smoke emission models require a number of assumptions regarding turbulent transfer of gasses and particulates within and above the forest canopy. Some of these assumptions as well as model predictions can be evaluated using micrometeorological measurements made during fires (…
Person:
Year: 2014
Type: Document
Source: FRAMES
Topic(s): Emissions and Smoke, Fire Behavior, Fuels, Models, Prescribed Fire
Region(s): Eastern
Keywords: New Jersey Pinelands, fuel consumption, eddy covariance, sensible heat flux, forest energy balance, latent heat
Of particular concern to fire and air-quality management communities, particularly in the eastern portion of the U.S., are the behavior and air-quality impacts of low-intensity prescribed fires for fuels management. For example, smoke from prescribed fires, which often occur in…
Person:
Year: 2014
Type: Document
Source: FRAMES
Topic(s): Emissions and Smoke, Models, Planning, Prescribed Fire, Wildland-Urban Interface (WUI)
Region(s): Eastern
Keywords: smoke dispersion, smoke transport, New Jersey Pine Barrens
The need to accurately predict pollution from wildland fires is acute and, in fact, the lack of such information has become a major obstacle in the prescribed fire authorization process. WRF and SFIRE model wildland fire spread in a two-way interaction with the atmosphere. The…
Person:
Year: 2014
Type: Document
Source: FRAMES, TTRS
Topic(s): Emissions and Smoke, Fire Occurrence, Fuels, Models, Weather
Region(s): California
Keywords: case studies, Santa Ana, air pollution, ozone, smoke dispersion, smoke transport, WRF-Chem, WRF-SFIRE, SFIRE, wildland fire simulation, fire case histories, fuel moisture, wildfires, air quality, organic matter, fire management, smoke management
Management of fire is an important and controversial policy issue. Active fire suppression has led to a backlog of fuels, limited the ecological benefits of fire, and reduced short-term smoke impacts likely delaying these emissions to future generations over a larger spatial…
Person:
Year: 2014
Type: Document
Source: FRAMES
Topic(s): Emissions and Smoke, Regulations and Legislation, Safety
Region(s): California, Great Basin
Keywords: air quality, Sierra Nevada, wildland fire, policy, smoke impacts, public health, AQI - Air Quality Index
Marine Corps Base Camp Lejeune (MCBCL) near Jacksonville, NC served as platform for field experiments that allow linking fuel condition and consumption with emissions of gaseous and fine particulate (PM2.5) pollutants from prescribed burning (PB). The link between fuel…
Person:
Year: 2014
Type: Document
Source: FRAMES, TTRS
Topic(s): Emissions and Smoke, Fire Effects, Fuels, Prescribed Fire
Region(s): Southern
Keywords: air quality, fuel treatments, North Carolina, thinning, fuel consumption, combustion products, fire dependent species, fire hazard reduction, fuel moisture, carbon, military lands, particulates, Picoides borealis, red-cockaded woodpeckers, Pinus palustris, longleaf pine, Pinus taeda, loblolly pine, forest management, smoke management, coastal plain, pine forests, savannas, SFP - Southern Fire Portal
While fire has long played a role in the longleaf pine ecosystem, there are still some stands in the southeastern United States where fire has not been reintroduced and fuels have accumulated for 50 years or more. As part of a larger study examining fuel loading and smoke…
Person:
Year: 2014
Type: Document
Source: FRAMES
Topic(s): Emissions and Smoke, Prescribed Fire
Region(s): Southern
Keywords: longleaf pine, Pinus palustris, monoterpenes, residual combustion, smoldering, biomass burning
Several state air quality agencies have developed policies to issue air quality health index (AQI) warnings based on low values of visual range. Visual range has been defined in the context of how far away a black object has to be such that it is just noticeable or visible. This…
Person:
Year: 2013
Type: Document
Source: FRAMES
Topic(s): Emissions and Smoke
Region(s): Alaska, California, Eastern, Great Basin, Hawaii, Northern Rockies, Northwest, Rocky Mountain, Southern, Southwest, National
Keywords: air quality, visual range, PM2.5 emissions, particulate matter (PM) concentrations, AQI - Air Quality Index
Filter-based samplers have long been employed by monitoring networks to measure aerosol mass concentrations because they are robust and the collected filters can be used for analysis of speciated mass concentrations. However, filter-based samplers have several disadvantages.…
Person:
Year: 2013
Type: Document
Source: FRAMES
Topic(s): Emissions and Smoke, Monitoring and Inventory
Region(s): Alaska, California, Eastern, Great Basin, Hawaii, Northern Rockies, Northwest, Rocky Mountain, Southern, Southwest, National
Keywords: NAAQS - National Ambient Air Quality Standards, PM2.5 emissions, PM10 emissions, continuous measurements
Before about 1970, visibility was meant only to denote the human capability to detect, recognize, and identify objects by means of the human visual mechanism. During the 1970s, as energy development in the form of strip mines and coal-fired power plants with associated emissions…
Person:
Year: 2013
Type: Document
Source: FRAMES
Topic(s): Emissions and Smoke, Safety
Region(s): Alaska, California, Eastern, Great Basin, Hawaii, Northern Rockies, Northwest, Rocky Mountain, Southern, Southwest, National
Keywords: air quality, haze, public health, urban air pollution, urban visibility
Wildland fires have increased in extent and severity in recent years. At the same time, the number of people living in harm's way has increased dramatically. This has not only resulted in more people and private property potentially at risk from future fire events, but also an…
Person:
Year: 2014
Type: Document
Source: FRAMES
Topic(s): Communications, Emissions and Smoke, Hazard and Risk, Social Science
Region(s): Alaska, California, Eastern, Great Basin, Hawaii, Northern Rockies, Northwest, Rocky Mountain, Southern, Southwest, National
Keywords: smoke management, public perceptions, social acceptability
Low-density polyethylene (LDPE) plastic is used to keep piled debris from silvicultural activities-activities associated with development and care of forests-dry to enable efficient disposal by burning. The effects of inclusion of LDPE in this manner on smoke emissions are not…
Person:
Year: 2014
Type: Document
Source: FRAMES
Topic(s): Emissions and Smoke
Region(s): Alaska, California, Eastern, Great Basin, Hawaii, Northern Rockies, Northwest, Rocky Mountain, Southern, Southwest, National
Keywords: air quality, pile burn, polyethylene, plastic
Wildfire is among the most common forest disturbances, affecting the structure, composition, and functions of many ecosystems. The complex role that wildfire plays in shaping forests has been described in terms of vegetation responses, which are characterized as dependent on,…
Person:
Year: 2014
Type: Document
Source: FRAMES
Topic(s): Climate, Economics, Emissions and Smoke, Fire Behavior, Fire Ecology, Fire Effects, Fuels, Prescribed Fire, Restoration and Rehabilitation, Weather
Region(s): Southern
Keywords: fire frequency, fire weather, climate change, KBDI - Keetch-Byram Drought Index, mitigation, wildfire, future fire activity
We begin our study of wildland fire with the basic principles and mechanisms of the combustion process-fire fundamentals. In the next chapter we look at wildland fire as an event. Fire behavior is what a fire does, the dynamics of the fire event. In later chapters we move up the…
Person:
Year: 1996
Type: Document
Source: FRAMES
Topic(s): Emissions and Smoke, Fire Behavior, Fuels, Hazard and Risk, Models, Weather
Region(s): Alaska, California, Eastern, Great Basin, Hawaii, Northern Rockies, Northwest, Rocky Mountain, Southern, Southwest, National
Keywords: BEHAVE, fire intensity, fire weather, fuel load, fuel moisture, atmospheric stability, drought, extreme fire behavior, fire environment, fire growth, fire spread, fuel classification, wind
In the US, wildfires and prescribed burning present significant challenges to air regulatory agencies attempting to achieve and maintain compliance with air quality regulations. Fire emission factors (EF) are essential input for the emission models used to develop wildland fire…
Person:
Year: 2013
Type: Document
Source: FRAMES
Topic(s): Emissions and Smoke, Models
Region(s): Northern Rockies
Keywords: air quality, combustion efficiency
Eulerian chemical transport models are extensively used to steer environmental policy, forecast air quality and study atmospheric processes. However, the ability of these models to simulate concentrated atmospheric plumes, including fire-related smoke, may be limited. Wildland…
Person:
Year: 2013
Type: Document
Source: FRAMES
Topic(s): Emissions and Smoke, Models
Region(s): Southern
Keywords: PM2.5, Georgia, smoke transport, plume modelling, CMAQ - Community Multiscale Air Quality Modeling System
Smoke plumes associated with wildland fires are difficult to characterize due to the non-linear behavior of the variables involved. Plume chemistry is largely modeled using emission factors to represent the relative trace gas and aerosol species emitted. Plume dynamics are…
Person:
Year: 2013
Type: Document
Source: FRAMES
Topic(s): Emissions and Smoke, Models
Region(s): California, Southern
Keywords: air quality, North Carolina, low intensity burns, smoke dispersion, smoldering fires
Due to a rapidly expanding human population in Florida, fire management has become hampered by urban encroachment, smoke management issues, and forest fragmentation. For these and other reasons, fire has been excluded from many stands, resulting in the buildup of dangerous fuel…
Person:
Year: 2007
Type: Document
Source: FRAMES, TTRS
Topic(s): Emissions and Smoke, Fuels, Prescribed Fire, Wildland-Urban Interface (WUI)
Region(s): Southern
Keywords: hazardous fuel treatment, survey, pine flatwoods, Florida, fuel management, pine rocklands, computer program, cutting, fire frequency, fire hazard reduction, fire management, flatwoods, forest fragmentation, fragmentation, fuel accumulation, fuel loading, fuel types, grazing, herbicide, Imperata cylindrica, invasive species, land management, Melaleuca quinquenervia, Neyraudia, pine forests, Pinus elliottii, Pinus elliottii densa, Pinus palustris, savannas, SFP - Southern Fire Portal, site treatments, smoke management, wildfires
Land managers of the northern Rocky Mountains and south-central U.S. are challenged with numerous social and ecological changes, many of which are linked to climate change. The work presented here focuses on two important research gaps: 1) managers do not understand public…
Person:
Year: 2013
Type: Document
Source: FRAMES
Topic(s): Emissions and Smoke, Prescribed Fire, Social Science
Region(s): Northern Rockies, Southern
Keywords: land management, public opinion, climate change, public perceptions
Agricultural burning is an important land use practice in the central U.S. but has received little attention in the literature, whereas most of the focus has been on wildfires in forested areas. Given the effects that agricultural burning can have on biodiversity and emissions…
Person:
Year: 2011
Type: Document
Source: FRAMES
Topic(s): Emissions and Smoke, Fire Effects, Fire Occurrence
Region(s): Eastern, Rocky Mountain
Keywords: biodiversity, land use, spatial analysis, agricultural burning, fire detection, active fires, cloud cover