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Preliminary report: dioxins and furans in prescribed burns

The Ontario Ministry of Environment (MOE) recently participated in a joint Canadian/U.S. program to monitor the behavior and environmental impact of prescribed fires. Air, soil and ash samples were collected at the burn sites and analyzed for chlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins (CDD)…
Person:
Year: 1990
Type: Document
Source: FRAMES
Topic(s): Emissions and Smoke, Prescribed Fire
Region(s): International
Keywords: Ontario, dioxins, furans, air samples

The impact of climate change on the risk of forest and grassland fires in Australia

We explore the impact of future climate change on the risk of forest and grassland fires over Australia in January using a high resolution regional climate model, driven at the boundaries by data from a transitory coupled climate model. Two future emission scenarios (relatively…
Person:
Year: 2007
Type: Document
Source: FRAMES
Topic(s): Climate, Emissions and Smoke, Hazard and Risk, Models
Region(s): International
Keywords: climate change, Australia, fire risk

Greenhouse gas induced changes in the fire risk in Brazil in ECHAM5/MPI-OM coupled climate model

Vegetation fires are the second largest source of greenhouse gas emissions to the atmosphere. The reduction of the climatic impact of these emissions is related to the vegetation susceptibility to fire (fire risk), as well as to the understanding of possible implications of…
Person:
Year: 2011
Type: Document
Source: FRAMES, TTRS
Topic(s): Climate, Emissions and Smoke, Fire Ecology, Fire Effects, Fire Occurrence, Hazard and Risk, Models
Region(s): International
Keywords: Brazil, greenhouse gases, PFI - Potential Fire Index, fire danger rating, season of fire, smoke effects, wildfires, air quality, CO2 - carbon dioxide, deforestation, drought, evapotranspiration, climate change, precipitation, fire management, forest management, tropical forest

Evolution of anthropogenic and biomass burning emissions of air pollutants at global and regional scales during the 1980-2010 period

Several different inventories of global and regional anthropogenic and biomass burning emissions are assessed for the 1980-2010 period. The species considered in this study are carbon monoxide, nitrogen oxides, sulfur dioxide and black carbon. The inventories considered include…
Person:
Year: 2014
Type: Document
Source: FRAMES
Topic(s): Emissions and Smoke, Fire Effects
Region(s): Alaska, California, Eastern, Great Basin, Hawaii, Northern Rockies, Northwest, Rocky Mountain, Southern, Southwest, International, National
Keywords: biomass burning

Smoke management of wildland and prescribed fire: understanding public preferences and trade-offs

Smoke from forest fires is a serious and increasing land management concern. However, a paucity of information exists that is specific to public perceptions of smoke. This study used conjoint analysis, a multivariate technique, to evaluate how four situational factors (i.e.,…
Person:
Year: 2014
Type: Document
Source: FRAMES
Topic(s): Emissions and Smoke, Fire Effects, Social Science
Region(s): Great Basin, Northern Rockies, Southern
Keywords: public opinion, health factors, preference, public, tolerance

The impact of recent increases in atmospheric CO2 on biomass production and vegetative retention of cheatgrass (Bromus tectorum): implications for fire disturbance

Cheatgrass (Bromus tectorum) is a recognized, invasive annual weed of the western United States that reduces fire return times from decades to less than 5 years. To determine the interaction between rising carbon dioxide concentration ([CO2]) and fuel load, we characterized…
Person:
Year: 2005
Type: Document
Source: FRAMES
Topic(s): Emissions and Smoke, Fuels
Region(s): Great Basin
Keywords: Bromus tectorum, cheatgrass, fire frequency, vegetation, CO2 - carbon dioxide, Nevada, FRI - Fire Rotation Interval, invasive weed management

Seasonal patterns in biomass burning emissions from southern African vegetation fires for the year 2000

A modeling framework has been developed to examine the spatial and temporal aspects of biomass burning emissions from southern African savanna fires. The complexity of the fire emissions processes is described using a spatially and temporally explicit model that integrates…
Person:
Year: 2005
Type: Document
Source: FRAMES
Topic(s): Emissions and Smoke, Models
Region(s): International
Keywords: savannas, VOC - volatile organic compounds, Africa, trace gas emissions, biomass burning, sensitivity analysis

Rapid root closure after fire limits fine root responses to elevated atmospheric CO2 in a scrub oak ecosystem in central Florida, USA

Elevated atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2) often stimulates the growth of fine roots, yet there are few reports of responses of intact root systems to long-term CO2 exposure. We investigated the effects of elevated CO2 on fine root growth using open top chambers in a scrub oak…
Person:
Year: 2006
Type: Document
Source: FRAMES
Topic(s): Emissions and Smoke, Fire Ecology, Fire Effects
Region(s): Southern
Keywords: CO2 - carbon dioxide, fine roots, Florida, root length density, minirhizotrons, root closure

Global spatial patterns and temporal trends of burned area between 1981 and 2000 using NOAA-NASA Pathfinder

An analysis of the spatial and temporal patterns of global burned area with the Daily Tile US National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration-Advanced Very High-Resolution Radiometer Pathfinder 8 km Land dataset between 1981 and 2000 is presented. Nine distinct temporal and…
Person:
Year: 2007
Type: Document
Source: FRAMES, TTRS
Topic(s): Communications, Emissions and Smoke, Fire Occurrence, Intelligence, Mapping, Monitoring and Inventory
Region(s): Alaska, California, Eastern, Great Basin, Hawaii, Northern Rockies, Northwest, Rocky Mountain, Southern, Southwest, International, National
Keywords: fire frequency, burned area, NOAA-AVHRR, principal components analysis, fire patterns, temporal trends, air quality, Asia, biomass, Central America, cover, croplands, deciduous forests, fire management, fire size, grasslands, remote sensing, savannas, season of fire, statistical analysis

An integrated greenhouse gas assessment of an alternative to slash-and-burn agriculture in eastern Amazonia

Fires set for slash-and-burn agriculture contribute to the current unsustainable accumulation of atmospheric greenhouse gases, and they also deplete the soil of essential nutrients, which compromises agricultural sustainability at local scales. Integrated assessments of…
Person:
Year: 2008
Type: Document
Source: FRAMES, TTRS
Topic(s): Climate, Emissions and Smoke
Region(s): International
Keywords: soil, agriculture, CH4 - methane, global warming, greenhouse gases, N2O - nitrous oxide, Amazon, Brazil, biomass burning, mulching, slash and burn, nitric oxide, biomass, biomass burning, fertility, gases, climate change, litter, nutrients, site treatments, soil management, soil nutrients, statistical analysis

Agricultural intensification increases deforestation fire activity in Amazonia

Fire-driven deforestation is the major source of carbon emissions from Amazonia. Recent expansion of mechanized agriculture in forested regions of Amazonia has increased the average size of deforested areas, but related changes in fire dynamics remain poorly characterized. We…
Person:
Year: 2008
Type: Document
Source: FRAMES, TTRS
Topic(s): Emissions and Smoke, Fire Effects, Fuels
Region(s): International
Keywords: combustion, carbon emissions, deforestation, fire activity, land use change, MODIS - Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer, Amazon, Brazil, agricultural development, soybeans, agriculture, Bolivia, carbon, cerrado, croplands, fire frequency, fire management, land use, remote sensing, savannas, season of fire, wildfires, woody fuels

Linking forest fires to lake metabolism and carbon dioxide emissions in the boreal region of Northern Québec

Natural fires annually decimate up to 1% of the forested area in the boreal region of Québec, and represent a major structuring force in the region, creating a mosaic of watersheds characterized by large variations in vegetation structure and composition. Here, we investigate…
Person:
Year: 2009
Type: Document
Source: FRAMES
Topic(s): Climate, Emissions and Smoke, Fire Effects, Aquatic
Region(s): International
Keywords: Canada, forest fire, boreal, lakes, organic carbon, plankton, Quebec, watershed, carbon dioxide flux

Nitrogen deposition in tropical forests from savanna and deforestation fires

We used satellite-derived estimates of global fire emissions and a chemical transport model to estimate atmospheric nitrogen (N) fluxes from savanna and deforestation fires in tropical ecosystems. N emissions and reactive N deposition led to a net transport of N equatorward,…
Person:
Year: 2010
Type: Document
Source: FRAMES
Topic(s): Emissions and Smoke, Models
Region(s): International
Keywords: MODIS - Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer, biomass burning, atmospheric transport, global carbon cycle, nitrogen limitation, Hadley circulation, pyrodenitrification

Effects of disturbances on the carbon balance of tropical peat swamp forests

Tropical peatlands have accumulated huge soil carbon over millennia. However, the carbon pool is presently disturbed on a large scale by land development and management, and consequently has become vulnerable. Peat degradation occurs most rapidly and massively in Indonesia,…
Person:
Year: 2012
Type: Document
Source: FRAMES, TTRS
Topic(s): Emissions and Smoke, Fire Effects
Region(s): International
Keywords: carbon balance, CO2 - carbon dioxide, drainage, groundwater, Indonesia, eddy covariance, peat swamp forest, peat decomposition, wildfires, carbon, deforestation, disturbance, soil nutrients, Asia, fire management, land management, smoke management, soil management, peatlands, swamps, tropical forest

A large proportion of North American net ecosystem production is offset by emissions from harvested products, river/stream evasion, and biomass burning

Diagnostic carbon cycle models produce estimates of net ecosystem production (NEP, the balance of net primary production and heterotrophic respiration) by integrating information from (i) satellite-based observations of land surface vegetation characteristics; (ii) distributed…
Person:
Year: 2013
Type: Document
Source: FRAMES
Topic(s): Emissions and Smoke, Fire Effects, Models
Region(s): Alaska, California, Eastern, Great Basin, Hawaii, Northern Rockies, Northwest, Rocky Mountain, Southern, Southwest, International, National
Keywords: Canada, carbon flux, atmospheric inversion, NEP - Net Ecosystem Productivity, rivers, Mexico, biomass burning, NEE - net ecosystem exchange

Carbon dioxide emissions through oxidative peat decomposition on a burnt tropical peatland

In Southeast Asia, a huge amount of peat has accumulated under swamp forests over millennia. Fires have been widely used for land clearing after timber extraction, thus land conversion and land management with logging and drainage are strongly associated with fire activity.…
Person:
Year: 2014
Type: Document
Source: FRAMES, TTRS
Topic(s): Emissions and Smoke, Fire Effects
Region(s): International
Keywords: carbon balance, peat fires, soil temperature, Asia, groundwater, heterotrophic respiration, oxidation, ecosystem respiration, peat swamp forest, wildfires, carbon, carbon dioxide, decomposition, drainage, ENSO - El Nino Southern Oscillation, logging, Indonesia, Asia, fire management, land management, peatlands, tropical regions, watersheds

Linking land, air and sea: potential impacts of biomass burning and the resultant haze on marine ecosystems of southeast Asia

Burning of crop residue and forest stands is a method commonly used to prepare land for agriculture in several countries within equatorial Asia and Central and South America. Atmospheric emissions and smoke plumes from the burning of such biomass are impossible to contain and…
Person:
Year: 2014
Type: Document
Source: FRAMES
Topic(s): Emissions and Smoke, Fire Effects, Aquatic
Region(s): International
Keywords: Asia, haze, biomass burning

A sub-pixel-based calculation of fire radiative power from MODIS observations: 1: algorithm development and initial assessment

Developed as a quantitative measurement of fire intensity, fire radiative power (FRP) and the potential applications to smoke plume injection heights, are currently limited by the pixel resolution of a satellite sensor. As a result, this study, the first in a two-part series,…
Person:
Year: 2013
Type: Document
Source: FRAMES
Topic(s): Emissions and Smoke, Fire Behavior
Region(s): California
Keywords: fire temperature, fire area, fire detection, MODIS - Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer, satellite, biomass burning, FRP - Fire Radiative Power

A sub-pixel-based calculation of fire radiative power from MODIS observations: 2. Sensitivity analysis and potential fire weather application

Fire radiative power (FRP) over a pixel area has been highlighted as a valuable parameter for quantitatively deriving smoke emissions. However, smoke plume rise forecasts and characterizations of fire intensity require additional information, including the FRP over the fire area…
Person:
Year: 2013
Type: Document
Source: FRAMES
Topic(s): Emissions and Smoke, Fire Effects, Weather
Region(s): California
Keywords: atmosphere, fire area, MODIS - Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer, temperature, radiative transfer regime, biomass burning, FRP - Fire Radiative Power, water vapor, emissivity

Assessment of smoke shortwave radiative forcing using empirical angular distribution models

The Clouds and the Earth's Radiant Energy System (CERES) data has been used by several studies to calculate the top of atmosphere (TOA) shortwave aerosol radiative forcing (SWARF) of biomass burning aerosols over land. However, the current CERES angular distribution models that…
Person:
Year: 2014
Type: Document
Source: FRAMES
Topic(s): Climate, Emissions and Smoke, Models
Region(s): Alaska, California, Eastern, Great Basin, Hawaii, Northern Rockies, Northwest, Rocky Mountain, Southern, Southwest, International, National
Keywords: aerosols, biomass burning, radiative forcing

Fuel reduction burning mitigates wildfire effects on forest carbon and greenhouse gas emission

A high-intensity wildfire burnt through a dry Eucalyptus forest in south-eastern Australia that had been fuel reduced with fire 3 months prior, presenting a unique opportunity to measure the effects of fuel reduction (FR) on forest carbon and greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from…
Person:
Year: 2014
Type: Document
Source: FRAMES, TTRS
Topic(s): Emissions and Smoke, Fire Behavior, Fire Effects, Fuels, Hazard and Risk
Region(s): International
Keywords: charcoal, fuel reduction, biomass, greenhouse gases, Australia, emission factors, C - carbon, modified combustion action, fine fuels, fire hazard reduction, fire intensity, fuel accumulation, heavy fuels, surface fuels, wildfires, air quality, ground cover, litter, shrubs, size classes, snags, understory vegetation, eucalyptus, Victoria, fire management, forest management, fuel management, sclerophyll forests

Seasonal patterns in biomass smoke pollution and the mid 20th-century transition from Aboriginal to European fire management in northern Australia

Aim: Globally, most landscape burning occurs in the tropical savanna biome, where fire is a characteristic of the annual dry season. In northern Australia there is uncertainty about how the frequency and timing of dry season fires have changed in the transition from Aboriginal…
Person:
Year: 2007
Type: Document
Source: FRAMES
Topic(s): Emissions and Smoke, Fire Effects, Models
Region(s): International
Keywords: aboriginal burning practices, air pollution, convection, PM10, visibility, Australia, biomass burning, historical ecology, tropical savannas, monsoon tropics

Fire regime changes and major driving forces in Spain from 1968 to 2010

Fire regimes play an important role in ecosystems and climate change, affecting the structure and composition of vegetation and influencing carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions. Analyses of historical fire regimes have indicated that in many ecosystems, fire regime changes are linked…
Person:
Year: 2014
Type: Document
Source: FRAMES, TTRS
Topic(s): Climate, Emissions and Smoke, Fire Behavior, Fire Ecology, Fire History
Region(s): International
Keywords: fire management, climate change, land use change, Spain, Pettitt test, fire regimes, Europe, land use

A US national fuels database and map for calculating carbon emissions from wildland and prescribed fire

Biomass burning has become an important component of Earth-system models as understanding improves about fire as a global ecosystem process. Smoke emissions are a health hazard to nearby communities, can impair air quality and visibility for hundreds of kilometers downwind, and…
Person:
Year: 2014
Type: Document
Source: FRAMES
Topic(s): Emissions and Smoke, Mapping, Models, Prescribed Fire
Region(s): Alaska, California, Eastern, Great Basin, Hawaii, Northern Rockies, Northwest, Rocky Mountain, Southern, Southwest, National
Keywords: FCCS - Fuel Characteristic Classification System, carbon emissions, biomass burning, fuelbeds

Communicating about smoke from wildland fire: challenges and opportunities for managers

Wildland fire and associated management efforts are dominant topics in natural resource fields. Smoke from fires can be a nuisance and pose serious health risks and aggravate pre-existing health conditions. When it results in reduced visibility near roadways, smoke can also pose…
Person:
Year: 2014
Type: Document
Source: FRAMES, TTRS
Topic(s): Communications, Emissions and Smoke, Outreach, Planning, Prescribed Fire, Social Science
Region(s): California, Northern Rockies, Northwest, Southern
Keywords: public acceptance, tolerance, public perceptions, wildfires, air quality, public information, fire management, smoke management, Montana, Oregon, South Carolina