Type
Topic
Region
Year
Displaying 1 - 25 of 133
Multiple trace-gas instruments were deployed during the fourth Fire Lab at Missoula Experiment (FLAME-4), including the first application of proton-transfer-reaction time-of-flight mass spectrometry (PTR-TOFMS) and comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography-time-of-flight…
Person:
Year: 2017
Type: Document
Source: FRAMES
Topic(s): Emissions and Smoke, Fire Effects, Models
Region(s): Alaska, California, Eastern, Great Basin, Hawaii, Northern Rockies, Northwest, Rocky Mountain, Southern, Southwest, National
Keywords: biomass burning, FTIR - Fourier transform infrared absorption spectroscopy , laboratory experiments
Reliable estimates of pre-burn biomass and fuel consumption are important to estimate wildland fire emissions and assist in prescribed burn planning. We present empirical models for predicting fuel consumption in natural fuels from 60 prescribed fires in ponderosa pine-dominated…
Person:
Year: 2017
Type: Document
Source: FRAMES
Topic(s): Emissions and Smoke, Fuels, Models, Prescribed Fire
Region(s): Northwest, Southern
Keywords: biomass, fuel consumption, Douglas-fir, Pseudotsuga menziesii, loblolly pine, Pinus taeda, longleaf pine, Pinus palustris, Pinus ponderosa, ponderosa pine, southern pine forests, smoke management, wildland fire
Smoke particulate matter from deciduous trees (angiosperms) subjected to controlled burning, both under smoldering and flaming conditions, was sampled by high volume air filtration on precleaned quartz fiber liters. The filtered particles were extracted with dichloromethane and…
Person:
Year: 2001
Type: Document
Source: TTRS
Topic(s): Emissions and Smoke, Fire Effects, Fuels, Prescribed Fire
Region(s): California, Great Basin, Northwest, International
Keywords: Acer macrophyllum, aerosols, air quality, Alnus rubra, Betula glandulosa, Betula pendula, biomass, cellulose, chemical compounds, chemistry, combustion, deciduous forests, Eucalyptus dalrympleana, fire management, forest management, fuel types, hydrocarbons, lignin, litter, Mexico, Oregon, particulates, sampling, smoke effects, smoke management, temperature, trees, vegetation surveys
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Person:
Year: 2001
Type: Document
Source: TTRS
Topic(s): Emissions and Smoke, Fire Effects, Fuels, Prescribed Fire
Region(s): California, Great Basin, Northwest, International
Keywords: Abies amabilis, Abies procera, aerosols, air quality, biomass, Chamaecyparis lawsoniana, chemical compounds, chemistry, coniferous forests, conifers, fire management, forest management, fuel types, hydrocarbons, litter, Mexico, Oregon, particulates, Picea sitchensis, Pinus contorta, Pinus engelmannii, Pinus monticola, Pinus ponderosa, Pinus strobus, Pseudotsuga menziesii, sampling, Sequoia sempervirens, smoke effects, smoke management, temperate forests, Tsuga mertensiana, vegetation surveys
The results of chemical analyses of precipitation samples collected in Singapore between August 1997 and July 1998 are presented. Major inorganic and organic ions were determined in 169 rain samples collected using an automated wet-only sampler. The daily sample pH values ranged…
Person:
Year: 2001
Type: Document
Source: TTRS
Topic(s): Emissions and Smoke, Fire Ecology, Weather
Region(s): Alaska, California, Eastern, Great Basin, Hawaii, Northern Rockies, Northwest, Rocky Mountain, Southern, Southwest, National
Keywords: air quality, biomass, chemical compounds, chemistry, gases, particulates, pH, precipitation, sampling, season of fire, Singapore, smoke effects, smoke management, statistical analysis, wildfires
This document presents the study plan for the Fire and Smoke Model Evaluation Experiment (FASMEE). FASMEE is a large-scale interagency effort to (1) identify the critical measurements necessary to improve operational wildland fire and smoke prediction systems, (2) collect…
Person:
Year: 2017
Type: Document
Source: FRAMES
Topic(s): Emissions and Smoke, Fire Behavior, Fuels, Mapping, Models, Monitoring and Inventory
Region(s): Alaska, California, Eastern, Great Basin, Hawaii, Northern Rockies, Northwest, Rocky Mountain, Southern, Southwest, National
Keywords: JFSP - Joint Fire Science Program, FASMEE - Fire and Smoke Model Evaluation Experiment, plume dynamics, air quality, fire energy
This webinar presented by Wayne Cascio June 21, 2017 highlighted updates to the Wildfire Smoke Guide, as well as the Smoke Sense app, which is a mobile application that gets air quality information to people impacted by wildfire smoke, and helps those affected learn ways to…
Person: Cascio
Year: 2017
Type: Media
Source: FRAMES
Topic(s): Communications, Emissions and Smoke, Fire Effects, Safety
Region(s): Alaska, California, Eastern, Great Basin, Hawaii, Northern Rockies, Northwest, Rocky Mountain, Southern, Southwest, National
Keywords: public health, wildfires, air quality, PM - particulate matter, air pollution, health effects, cardiovascular disease, respiratory effects
Recent growth in the frequency and severity of US wildfires has led to more wildfire smoke and increased public exposure to harmful air pollutants. Populations exposed to wildfire smoke experience a variety of negative health impacts, imposing economic costs on society. However…
Person:
Year: 2017
Type: Document
Source: TTRS
Topic(s): Economics, Emissions and Smoke, Fire Effects, Hazard and Risk, Safety, Wildland-Urban Interface (WUI)
Region(s): Alaska, California, Eastern, Great Basin, Hawaii, Northern Rockies, Northwest, Rocky Mountain, Southern, Southwest, National
Keywords: air quality, wildfires, health factors, health costs, benefit transfer, BenMAP Community Edition, California wildfires, southern California, forecasting system, economic cost, smoke exposure, verification, mortality, cities
Prescribed burns of winter wheat stubble and Kentucky bluegrass fields in northern Idaho and eastern Washington states (U.S.A.) were sampled using ground-, aerostat-, airplane-, and laboratory-based measurement platforms to determine emission factors, compare methods, and…
Person:
Year: 2017
Type: Document
Source: TTRS
Topic(s): Emissions and Smoke, Fire Ecology, Fire Effects, Prescribed Fire
Region(s): Northern Rockies, Northwest
Keywords: air quality, Idaho, Washington, agricultural burning, emission factors, wheat, bluegrass, particulate matter, organics, trace gas emissions, crop residue, combustion efficiency, carbon measurements, particulate matter, optical properties, PCDD/F emissions, forecast system
The goal of this paper is to evaluate the accuracy of the commonly used ozone (O3) instrument (the ultraviolet (UV) photometer) against a Federal Reference Method (Nitric Oxide chemiluminescence) for ozone measurement in wildfire smoke plumes. We carried out simultaneous ozone…
Person:
Year: 2017
Type: Document
Source: TTRS
Topic(s): Emissions and Smoke, Fire Occurrence
Region(s): Northwest
Keywords: wildfires, air quality, Oregon, ozone, UV photometer, NO-chemiluminescence, free troposphere, boundary layer, high sensitivity, trace gases, aircraft
Wildland fire fighting is a high-risk occupation requiring considerable physical and psychological demands. Multiple agencies publish fatality summaries for wildland firefighters; however, the reported number and types vary. At least five different surveillance systems capture…
Person:
Year: 2017
Type: Document
Source: TTRS
Topic(s): Climate, Emissions and Smoke, Hazard and Risk, Safety
Region(s): Alaska, California, Eastern, Great Basin, Hawaii, Northern Rockies, Northwest, Rocky Mountain, Southern, Southwest, National
Keywords: firefighting personnel, wildfires, fire hazard reduction, Wildland Fire Fatality, Wildland Firefighter, Particulate Air-Pollution, Heart-Disease, climate change, short-term, fatalities, exposure
Forest fire is an serious hazard in many places around the world. For such threats, video-based smoke detection would be particularly important for early warning because smoke arises in any forest fire and can be seen from a long distance. This paper presents a novel and robust…
Person:
Year: 2017
Type: Document
Source: FRAMES
Topic(s): Emissions and Smoke, Fire Occurrence
Region(s): Alaska, California, Eastern, Great Basin, Hawaii, Northern Rockies, Northwest, Rocky Mountain, Southern, Southwest, International, National
Keywords: smoke detection, deep belief networks, color spaces, motion detection, fire occurrence patterns, video monitoring
Objective: A repeated measures study was used to assess the effect of work tasks on select proinflammatory biomarkers in firefighters working at prescribed burns. Methods: Ten firefighters and two volunteers were monitored for particulate matter and carbon monoxide on workdays,…
Person:
Year: 2017
Type: Document
Source: FRAMES
Topic(s): Emissions and Smoke, Prescribed Fire, Safety
Region(s): Alaska, California, Eastern, Great Basin, Hawaii, Northern Rockies, Northwest, Rocky Mountain, Southern, Southwest, National
Keywords: firefighter exposure, smoke exposure, interleukin-8
Identifying communities vulnerable to adverse health effects from exposure to wildfire smoke may help prepare responses, increase the resilience to smoke and improve public health outcomes during smoke days. We developed a Community Health-Vulnerability Index (CHVI) based on…
Person:
Year: 2017
Type: Document
Source: FRAMES
Topic(s): Emissions and Smoke, Fire Effects, Safety
Region(s): Alaska, California, Eastern, Great Basin, Hawaii, Northern Rockies, Northwest, Rocky Mountain, Southern, Southwest, National
Keywords: wildfire, air quality, PM - particulate matter, PM2.5, public health, CHVI - Community Health-Vulnerability Index
From the Spring 2017 AFSC Remote Sensing Workshop: Opportunities to Apply Remote Sensing in Boreal/Arctic Wildfire Management and Science.
Person: James
Year: 2017
Type: Media
Source: FRAMES
Topic(s): Emissions and Smoke, Mapping, Models
Region(s): Alaska, California, Eastern, Great Basin, Northern Rockies, Northwest, Rocky Mountain, Southern, Southwest
Keywords: remote sensing, smoke forecasting, VIIRS - Visible Infrared Imaging Radiometer Suite, HRRR - High Resolution Rapid Refresh, HRRR-Smoke, satellite imagery, WRF-ARW
From the Spring 2017 AFSC Remote Sensing Workshop: Opportunities to Apply Remote Sensing in Boreal/Arctic Wildfire Management and Science.
Person: Oliva
Year: 2017
Type: Media
Source: FRAMES
Topic(s): Emissions and Smoke, Fire Behavior, Fire Effects, Mapping, Monitoring and Inventory
Region(s): Alaska, California, Northwest, International
Keywords: remote sensing, VIIRS - Visible Infrared Imaging Radiometer Suite, boreal forest, area burned, NIROPS - National Infrared Operations, Canada
From the Spring 2017 AFSC Remote Sensing Workshop: Opportunities to Apply Remote Sensing in Boreal/Arctic Wildfire Management and Science.
Person: French
Year: 2017
Type: Media
Source: FRAMES
Topic(s): Emissions and Smoke, Fuels, Models, Monitoring and Inventory
Region(s): Alaska, California, Eastern, Great Basin, Hawaii, Northern Rockies, Northwest, Rocky Mountain, Southern, Southwest, National
Keywords: fuel characteristics, remote sensing, fuel loading, FCCS - Fuel Characteristic Classification System, LiDAR - Light Detection and Ranging, air quality, emissions modeling
A diversity of partners and interests, federal to private, came together to identify current challenges and research in the wildland fire and air quality impacts realm. Meeting management needs and the opportunity to learn from one another’s expert perspectives were primary…
Person:
Year: 2017
Type: Document
Source: FRAMES
Topic(s): Communications, Emissions and Smoke, Fire Effects, Fuels, Models, Outreach, Planning, Prescribed Fire, Social Science, Weather
Region(s): Alaska, California, Eastern, Great Basin, Hawaii, Northern Rockies, Northwest, Rocky Mountain, Southern, Southwest, National
Keywords: air quality impacts, smoke management, emissions inventory, fuel characterization
In this study we investigate the use of ΔPM2.5/ΔCO and ΔNOy/ΔCO normalized enhancement ratios (NERs) in identifying wildfire (WF) smoke events in urban areas. Nine urban ambient monitoring sites with adequate CO, PM2.5, and/or NOy measurements were selected for this study. We…
Person:
Year: 2017
Type: Document
Source: FRAMES
Topic(s): Emissions and Smoke, Models, Monitoring and Inventory
Region(s): California, Great Basin, Northwest, Rocky Mountain
Keywords: wildfires, NER - normalized enhancement ratio, air quality, PM2.5, PM - particulate matter, urban areas, CO - carbon monoxide, NO - nitrogen oxide, emission ratio
We looked at a Siberian biomass burning (BB) event on Spring 2015 that was observed at Mt. Bachelor Observatory (MBO; 2.8 km a.s.l) and by satellite instruments (MODIS and CALIPSO), and intercepted by the NOAA WP-3D research aircraft during the Shale Oil and Natural Gas Nexus (…
Person:
Year: 2017
Type: Document
Source: FRAMES
Topic(s): Aviation, Emissions and Smoke, Monitoring and Inventory
Region(s): Northwest, International
Keywords: O3 - ozone, plumes, wildfire, Mt. Bachelor, reactive nitrogen, aerosol, Siberia, biomass burning, air quality
Wildfires emit O3 precursors but there are large variations in emissions, plume heights, and photochemical processing. These factors make it challenging to model O3 production from wildfires using Eulerian models. Here we describe a statistical approach to characterize the…
Person:
Year: 2017
Type: Document
Source: FRAMES
Topic(s): Emissions and Smoke, Fire Effects, Models
Region(s): Alaska, California, Eastern, Great Basin, Hawaii, Northern Rockies, Northwest, Rocky Mountain, Southern, Southwest, National
Keywords: O3 - ozone, PM - particulate matter, GAM - generalized additive model
Background: The health impacts of wildfire smoke, including fine particles (PM2.5), are not well understood and may differ from those of PM2.5 from other sources due to differences in concentrations and chemical composition. Methods: First, for the entire Western US (561…
Person:
Year: 2017
Type: Document
Source: FRAMES
Topic(s): Emissions and Smoke, Safety
Region(s): California, Great Basin, Northern Rockies, Northwest, Rocky Mountain, Southwest
Keywords: PM2.5, PM - particulate matter, hospital admissions, health impacts, aerosol transport modeling, respiratory disease, wildfires, air pollution
From the text...'The terms listed below were either taken from existing glossaries or developed specifically for this Guide. Where terms were taken from an existing glossary or document, the source reference is indexed in brackets (e.g. [source number]), with full reference…
Person:
Year: 2001
Type: Document
Source: TTRS
Topic(s): Emissions and Smoke, Fire Behavior, Fire Ecology, Fuels, Planning, Prescribed Fire, Regulations and Legislation
Region(s): Alaska, California, Eastern, Great Basin, Hawaii, Northern Rockies, Northwest, Rocky Mountain, Southern, Southwest, National
Keywords: air quality, bibliographies, computer programs, ecosystem dynamics, fuel types, smoke behavior, smoke effects, smoke management, wilderness fire management, wildfires
From the text...'Smoke management program administration can range from activities conducted at the local burn program level to a multi-state coordinated effort to manage smoke. The EPA Interim Air Quality Policy on Wildland and Prescribed Fires (Interim Policy) (EPA 1998)…
Person:
Year: 2001
Type: Document
Source: TTRS
Topic(s): Emissions and Smoke, Fire Ecology, Planning, Prescribed Fire, Regulations and Legislation
Region(s): Alaska, California, Eastern, Great Basin, Hawaii, Northern Rockies, Northwest, Rocky Mountain, Southern, Southwest, National
Keywords: air quality, education, public information, smoke behavior, smoke effects, smoke management, US Forest Service, wilderness areas, wilderness fire management, wildfires
From the text...'An inventory or estimate of total statewide (or some other geographically distinct unit) annual emissions of criteria pollutants is a necessary part of understanding the burden on the air resource in an area and taking appropriate control actions. Emission…
Person:
Year: 2001
Type: Document
Source: TTRS
Topic(s): Emissions and Smoke, Fire Ecology, Fuels, Monitoring and Inventory, Prescribed Fire, Regulations and Legislation
Region(s): Alaska, California, Eastern, Great Basin, Hawaii, Northern Rockies, Northwest, Rocky Mountain, Southern, Southwest, National
Keywords: air quality, broadcast burning, duff, fire danger rating, fire size, fuel inventory, fuel loading, fuel management, fuel moisture, heavy fuels, humus, live fuels, national parks, pollution, slash, smoke behavior, smoke effects, smoke management, US Forest Service, wilderness areas, wilderness fire management, wildfires, woody fuels