Type
Topic
Region
Year
Displaying 1 - 25 of 143
Addressing wildfire is not simply a fire management, fire operations, or wildland-urban interface problem - it is a larger, more complex land management and societal issue. The vision for the next century is to: Safely and effectively extinguish fire, when needed; use fire where…
Person:
Year: 2011
Type: Document
Source: FRAMES
Topic(s): Administration, Aquatic, Aviation, Climate, Communications, Economics, Emissions and Smoke, Fire Behavior, Fire Ecology, Fire Effects, Fire History, Fire Occurrence, Fire Prevention, Fuels, Hazard and Risk, Intelligence, Logistics, Mapping, Models, Monitoring and Inventory, Outreach, Planning, Prescribed Fire, Regulations and Legislation, Restoration and Rehabilitation, Safety, Social Science, Weather, Wildland-Urban Interface (WUI)
Region(s): Alaska, California, Eastern, Great Basin, Hawaii, Northern Rockies, Northwest, Rocky Mountain, Southern, Southwest, National
Keywords: wildfire, wildland fire, National Cohesive Wildland Fire Management Strategy (Cohesive Strategy)
A simple and rapid bioassay was implemented to detect the germination activity of extracts from soils in pre/post-burn conditions. Soil samples taken from burnt, unburnt and adjacent plots at depths of 0-2,2-4,4-6 and 6-8 cm before and after burning mesic grassland in South…
Person:
Year: 2011
Type: Document
Source: TTRS
Topic(s): Emissions and Smoke, Fire Effects, Fuels
Region(s): International
Keywords: fuel loading, fuel moisture, heat effects, smoke effects, seed dormancy, seed germination, seeds, soils, South Africa, Africa, fire management, range management, soil management, grasslands, germination, lettuce seeds, seed bank, smoke residue, smoke-water, soil extracts
Wildfires affect Rocky Mountain ecosystems across a wide range of spatial and temporal scales. Many of the resulting changes are greatest for environmental factors, such as substrate and microclimate that control exchanges of greenhouse gases. We investigated this link to…
Person:
Year: 2011
Type: Document
Source: FRAMES, TTRS
Topic(s): Emissions and Smoke, Fire Effects, Fire Occurrence, Fuels
Region(s): Rocky Mountain
Keywords: fire frequency, fire injuries (plants), fire intensity, fuel moisture, post-fire recovery, wildfires, carbon dioxide, gases, global warming, CH4 - methane, N - nitrogen, pH, soil moisture, soil nutrients, soil temperature, statistical analysis, Douglas-fir, Pinus ponderosa, ponderosa pine, Pseudotsuga menziesii, Colorado Front Range, Colorado, ecosystem dynamics, fire management, forest management, soil management, coniferous forests, trace gases, soils
Fire affects grassland composition by selectively influencing recruitment. Some exotic species can increase their abundance as a consequence of fire-stimulated seed germination, but response may depend on seed age. Rumex acetosella L. (Polygonaceae, sheep's sorrel) is a…
Person:
Year: 2011
Type: Document
Source: TTRS
Topic(s): Fire Ecology, Fire Effects, Emissions and Smoke
Region(s): International
Keywords: heat effects, post fire recovery, smoke effects, age classes, ash, charcoal, invasive species, plant growth, regeneration, seed dormancy, seed germination, Rumex acetosella, Patagonia, Argentina, South America, fire management, range management, grasslands, plant invasion, post-fire recruitment, Rumex acetosella, seed age, sheep's sorrel, soil seed bank
Cyanide is well known for its toxicity towards living organisms. Many plants use cyanide as a defensive agent against herbivores, releasing it through the enzymatic hydrolysis of endogenous cyanogenic compounds. At low concentrations, cyanide has been proposed to have a…
Person:
Year: 2011
Type: Document
Source: TTRS
Topic(s): Emissions and Smoke, Fire Ecology, Fire Effects
Region(s): International
Keywords: smoke effects, chemistry, regeneration, seed germination, toxicity, Anigozanthos, Australia, forest management, smoke management
In the present work, post-burning soil N2O fluxes and related microbial processes were investigated in a Mediterranean shrubland subjected to experimental fires. Nine plots were selected, of which three were used as controls, three were burned with low-intensity fire and three…
Person:
Year: 2011
Type: Document
Source: FRAMES, TTRS
Topic(s): Emissions and Smoke, Fire Effects, Fire Occurrence, Prescribed Fire
Region(s): International
Keywords: experimental fire, fire frequency, fire intensity, low intensity burns, surface fires, air quality, C - carbon, enzymes, N - nitrogen, sampling, soil moisture, soil nutrients, soil organic matter, soil temperature, statistical analysis, Italy, Mediterranean, fire management, soil management, Mediterranean habitats, shrublands, denitrification, fire intensity, nitrification, soil nitrogen
In a future climate scenario forest fire activity over Portugal will substantially increase and consequently area burned and forest fire emissions to the atmosphere are also expected to increase. This study investigated the impact of future forest fire emissions on air quality…
Person:
Year: 2011
Type: Document
Source: TTRS
Topic(s): Climate, Emissions and Smoke, Fuels, Models
Region(s): International
Keywords: fire size, fuel loading, wildfires, air quality, climate change, ozone, particulates, pollution, Portugal, Europe, fire management, forest management, climate change, future fire activity, forest fire emissions, air quality modelling, ozone, particulate matter
In order to evaluate the spatial variation of aerosol (particulate matter with aerodynamic diameter £ 10 µm [PM10]) and ozone (O3) concentrations and characterize the atmospheric conditions that lead to O3 and PM10-rich episodes in southern Italy during summer 2007, an intensive…
Person:
Year: 2011
Type: Document
Source: TTRS
Topic(s): Emissions and Smoke, Weather, Climate
Region(s): International
Keywords: heat effects, wildfires, aerosols, air quality, air temperature, ozone, pollution, radiation, Italy, Europe, fire management, smoke management, deserts, mountainous terrain
This study investigated occupational exposure to wood and vegetative smoke in a group of 28 forest firefighters at prescribed forest burns in a southeastern U.S. Forest during the winters of 2003-2005. During burn activities, 203 individual person-day PM2.5 and 149 individual…
Person:
Year: 2011
Type: Document
Source: TTRS
Topic(s): Emissions and Smoke, Fire Prevention, Hazard and Risk, Prescribed Fire, Safety
Region(s): Southern
Keywords: fire hazard reduction, fire suppression, firefighting personnel, wildfires, air quality, CO - carbon monoxide, health factors, hydrocarbons, particulates, Georgia, fire management, forest management, pine hardwood forests, exposure, firefighters, particulate matter, wildland, woodsmoke
We present Daysmoke, an empirical-statistical plume rise and dispersion model for simulating smoke from prescribed burns. Prescribed fires are characterized by complex plume structure including multiple-core updrafts which makes modeling with simple plume models difficult.…
Person:
Year: 2011
Type: Document
Source: TTRS
Topic(s): Emissions and Smoke, Models, Prescribed Fire
Region(s): Southern
Keywords: smoke behavior, air quality, military lands, particulates, Georgia, fire management, smoke management, plume model, air quality
Conventional wisdom within American federal fire management agencies suggests that external influence such as community or political pressure for aggressive suppression are key factors circumscribing the ability to execute less aggressive fire management strategies. Thus, a…
Person:
Year: 2011
Type: Document
Source: TTRS
Topic(s): Economics, Emissions and Smoke, Fire Effects, Fire Prevention, Fuels, Hazard and Risk, Outreach, Planning, Prescribed Fire, Restoration and Rehabilitation
Region(s): California, Rocky Mountain
Keywords: fire case histories, fire control, fire damage (property), fire hazard reduction, fire injuries (plants), fire size, fire suppression, fuel accumulation, smoke effects, wildfires, education, insects, mortality, public information, Wyoming, fire management, forest management, land management, fire management, political pressure, community pressure, wildlife costs, fire suppression, wildfire policy
Biomass samples representing Amazon forest native species were burned in laboratory experiments. These species were obtained in the deforestation arc, near the town of Alta Floresta, state of Mato Grosso, Brazil. Moisture content values obtained for twigs and pieces of sticks…
Person:
Year: 2011
Type: Document
Source: TTRS
Topic(s): Emissions and Smoke, Prescribed Fire
Region(s): International
Keywords: biomass burning, experimental fires, CO2 - carbon dioxide, CO - carbon monoxide, deforestation, hydrocarbons, moisture, particulates, Amazon, Brazil, South America, fire management, forest management, smoke management, biomass burning, emission factors, Amazon forest, experimental fires, NOx, hydrocarbons
In many fire-prone ecosystems, seed germination is triggered by heat shock, smoke, ash and charred wood. However, few studies concerning the effect of these fire products on the germination of tropical and subtropical species exist. We assessed the effect of fire products and…
Person:
Year: 2011
Type: Document
Source: TTRS
Topic(s): Emissions and Smoke, Fire Effects
Region(s): International
Keywords: heat effects, smoke effects, ash, char, seed germination, Mexico, fire management, forest management, montane forests, pine hardwood forests, heat shock, smoke water, pine-oak mixed forest
The MOPITT (Measurements Of Pollution In The Troposphere) CO measurements over a 10-year period (2000-2009) reveal consistently positive trends on the order of 0.13-0.19 x 1016 mol cm-2 per month in CO total column concentrations over the entire globe and the hemispheres. Two…
Person:
Year: 2011
Type: Document
Source: TTRS
Topic(s): Climate, Emissions and Smoke, Weather
Region(s): Alaska, California, Eastern, Great Basin, Hawaii, Northern Rockies, Northwest, Rocky Mountain, Southern, Southwest, International, National
Keywords: biomass burning, wildfires, air quality, carbon dioxide, CO - carbon monoxide, ENSO - El Nino Southern Oscillation, hydrocarbons, CH4 - methane, fire management, MOPITT CO
We examine the impacts of aerosols on regional meteorology due to intense Siberian forest fires occurred in May 2003 using both reanalysis data and global model simulations. Our analysis of the NCEP-DOE reanalysis data shows 99% statistical significant changes in meteorological…
Person:
Year: 2011
Type: Document
Source: TTRS
Topic(s): Climate, Emissions and Smoke, Models, Weather
Region(s): International
Keywords: biomass burning, wildfires, aerosols, Korea, Siberia, Asia, fire management, forest fire aerosols, regional meteorology, climate model, chemistry-transport model
Agricultural residue burning is one of the major causes of greenhouse gas emissions and aerosols in the lndo-Ganges region. In this study, we characterize the fire intensity, seasonality, variability, fire radiative energy (FRE) and aerosol optical depth (AOD) variations during…
Person:
Year: 2011
Type: Document
Source: TTRS
Topic(s): Emissions and Smoke, Fire Occurrence, Intelligence
Region(s): International
Keywords: biomass burning, cropland fires, fire frequency, fire intensity, fire size, season of fire, aerosols, agriculture, air quality, greenhouse gases, pollution, radiation, remote sensing, India, Asia, fire management, forest management, croplands, FRE - Fire Radiative Energy, agricultural residues, biomass burning, aerosol optical depth variations
Agricultural burning is an important land use practice in the central U.S. But has received little attention in the literature, whereas most of the focus has been on wildfires in forested areas. Given the effects that agricultural burning can have on biodiversity and emissions…
Person:
Year: 2011
Type: Document
Source: TTRS
Topic(s): Emissions and Smoke, Fire Behavior, Fire Effects, Mapping, Planning, Prescribed Fire
Region(s): Eastern, Northern Rockies, Rocky Mountain
Keywords: cropland fires, fire danger rating, season of fire, agriculture, air quality, Kansas, Minnesota, North Dakota, fire management, land management, agricultural burning, active fires, biodiversity, patterns of fire detections, cloud cover, local spatial analysis, fire detections
Introduction: Environmental contaminants are groups of unwanted, ubiquitous chemicals, found in food via weathering of the earth's crust, combustion (natural or anthropogenic), industrial uses or as unwanted bi-products of manufacturing processes. Evidence suggests that the…
Person:
Year: 2011
Type: Document
Source: TTRS
Topic(s): Aquatic, Climate, Emissions and Smoke, Fire Effects, Safety
Region(s): Alaska, California, Eastern, Great Basin, Hawaii, Northern Rockies, Northwest, Rocky Mountain, Southern, Southwest, International, National
Keywords: fire frequency, wildfires, agriculture, chemical compounds, chemical elements, diseases, disturbance, climate change, health factors, hydrocarbons, toxicity, water, water quality, fire management, land management, environmental contaminants, food, forest fires, human exposure, mercury methylation, water re-use
We measured isocyanic acid (HNCO) in laboratory biomass fires at levels up to 600 parts per billion by volume (ppbv), demonstrating that it has a significant source from pyrolysis/combustion of biomass. We also measured HNCO at mixing ratios up to 200 pptv (parts-per-trillion by…
Person:
Year: 2011
Type: Document
Source: TTRS
Topic(s): Emissions and Smoke, Fire History, Fuels, Safety
Region(s): California, Northern Rockies, Rocky Mountain
Keywords: biomass burning, combustion, fire case histories, laboratory fires, smoke effects, wildfires, air quality, biomass, health factors, Colorado, Montana, fire management, smoke management, troposphere, heterogeneous chemistry
Firefighters are exposed to known health-damaging air pollutants present in bushfire smoke and poorly managed exposure can result in serious health issues. A better understanding of exposure levels and the major factors influencing exposures is crucial for the development of…
Person:
Year: 2011
Type: Document
Source: TTRS
Topic(s): Emissions and Smoke, Fire Behavior, Hazard and Risk, Prescribed Fire, Safety
Region(s): International
Keywords: fire intensity, firefighting personnel, smoke effects, spot fires, wildfires, air quality, CO - carbon monoxide, health factors, pollution, sampling, toxicity, Australia, fire management, smoke management, firefighter, bushfire smoke, exposure, health risk
Smoke is an important abiotic cue for plant regeneration in postfire landscapes. Karrikins are a class of compounds discovered in smoke that promote seed germination and influence early development of many plants by an unknown mechanism. A genetic screen for karrikin-insensitive…
Person:
Year: 2011
Type: Document
Source: TTRS
Topic(s): Emissions and Smoke
Region(s): International
Keywords: post fire recovery, smoke effects, genetics, regeneration, seed germination, seedlings, Australia, smoke management
Biomass burning is often associated with climate oscillations. For example, biomass burning in South-east Asia is strongly linked to El Nino-southern oscillation activity. During October and November of the 2006 El Nino year, a substantial increase in CO mixing ratios was…
Person:
Year: 2011
Type: Document
Source: TTRS
Topic(s): Climate, Emissions and Smoke, Fire Prevention, Intelligence
Region(s): International
Keywords: biomass burning, peat fires, air quality, CO - carbon monoxide, ENSO - El Nino Southern Oscillation, remote sensing, Australia, Borneo, New Guinea, Sumatra, New Zealand, fire management, tropical regions, AIRS - atmospheric infrared sounder, GFED - Global Fire Emissions Database, pacific ocean, peat burning, voluntary observing ship
Crop residue burning is an extensive agricultural practice in the contiguous United States (CONUS). This analysis presents the results of a remote sensing-based study of crop residue burning emissions in the CONUS for the time period 2003-2007 for the atmospheric species of…
Person:
Year: 2011
Type: Document
Source: TTRS
Topic(s): Emissions and Smoke, Fire Behavior, Fuels, Mapping, Models
Region(s): Alaska, California, Eastern, Great Basin, Hawaii, Northern Rockies, Northwest, Rocky Mountain, Southern, Southwest, National
Keywords: cropland fires, agriculture, air quality, remote sensing, Great Plains, Arkansas, Florida, Idaho, Texas, Washington, fire management, range management, croplands, CO2 - carbon dioxide, CH4 - methane, CO - carbon monoxide, NO2 - nitrogen dioxide, SO2 - sulfur dioxide, PM2.5, PM10, MODIS - Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer
Biomass burning and associated emissions of aerosols into the atmosphere play a vital role in atmospheric composition and climate change. During summer of 2007, Greece faced the worst natural disaster recorded in recent decades in terms of human losses, number of fire outbreaks…
Person:
Year: 2011
Type: Document
Source: TTRS
Topic(s): Climate, Emissions and Smoke, Fire History, Models
Region(s): International
Keywords: biomass burning, wildfires, aerosols, air quality, radiation, remote sensing, Greece, Europe, fire management, Mediterranean habitats, forest fires, remote sensing, radiative forcing, Peloponnese, Greece
Significant amounts of carbon and nutrients are released to the atmosphere due to large fires in forests. Characterization of the spatial distribution and temporal variation of the intense fire emissions is crucial for assessing the atmospheric loadings of trace gases and…
Person:
Year: 2011
Type: Document
Source: TTRS
Topic(s): Emissions and Smoke, Fire Effects, Intelligence
Region(s): International
Keywords: biomass burning, catastrophic fires, fire intensity, wildfires, air quality, aerosols, iron, nutrients, remote sensing, Russia, Siberia, Asia, fire management, forest management, boreal forests