Type
Topic
Region
Year
Displaying 1 - 25 of 109
FOFEM - A First Order Fire Effects Model - is a computer program that was developed to meet needs of resource managers, planners, and analysts in predicting and planning for fire effects. Quantitative predictions of fire effects are needed for planning prescribed fires that best…
Person:
Year: 2016
Type: Document
Source: FRAMES
Topic(s): Emissions and Smoke, Fire Effects, Fuels, Models
Region(s): Alaska, California, Eastern, Great Basin, Hawaii, Northern Rockies, Northwest, Rocky Mountain, Southern, Southwest, National
Keywords: FOFEM - First Order Fire Effects Model, computer program, tree mortality, soil heating, fuel consumption, fuel load, duff, moisture regimes, fire intensity
In an effort to reduce CO2 emissions from fossil fuel burning, renewable energy policies incentivize use of forest biomass as an energy source. Many governments have assumed (legislated) the carbon flux from burning biomass to be neutral because biomass growth sequesters CO2.…
Person:
Year: 2015
Type: Document
Source: TTRS
Topic(s): Climate, Emissions and Smoke, Prescribed Fire
Region(s): Alaska, California, Eastern, Great Basin, Hawaii, Northern Rockies, Northwest, Rocky Mountain, Southern, Southwest, International, National
Keywords: Canada, air quality, biomass, carbon dioxide, biogeochemical cycles, climate change, energy, fire management, forest management, bioenergy, climate change, forestry, life cycle analysis, discounting
Wildfires are important contributors to atmospheric aerosols and a large source of emissions that impact regional air quality and global climate. In this study, the regional and nearfield influences of wildfire emissions on ambient aerosol concentration and chemical properties…
Person:
Year: 2016
Type: Document
Source: TTRS
Topic(s): Climate, Emissions and Smoke, Fire Effects, Hazard and Risk, Intelligence
Region(s): Northwest
Keywords: biomass burning, combustion, wildfires, Oregon, aerosols, air quality, remote sensing, fire management, forest management, biomass burning emissions, Organic Aerosol, Mass-Spectrometer, high resolution, trace gases, chemical composition, particulate matter, mixing ratios
A key uncertainty concerning the effect of wildfire on carbon dynamics is the rate at which fire‐killed biomass (e.g., dead trees) decays and emits carbon to the atmosphere. We used a ground‐based approach to compute decomposition of forest biomass killed, but not combusted, in…
Person:
Year: 2016
Type: Document
Source: TTRS
Topic(s): Climate, Emissions and Smoke, Fire Effects
Region(s): Northwest
Keywords: fire case histories, fire injuries (plants), fire size, post-fire recovery, wildfires, C - carbon, decomposition, fire management, forest management, coniferous forests, carbon emissions, necromass, Forest Decomposition, dead wood, CWD - coarse woody debris, western Oregon, forest fires, conifer forest, ponderosa pine, climate change, wildland fire, dynamics, ecosystem, chronosequence, Pinus ponderosa
Humans use combustion for heating and cooking, managing lands, and, more recently, for fuelling the industrial economy. As a shift to fossil-fuel-based energy occurs, we expect that anthropogenic biomass burning in open landscapes will decline as it becomes less fundamental to…
Person:
Year: 2016
Type: Document
Source: TTRS
Topic(s): Climate, Emissions and Smoke, Fire Ecology, Fire Effects, Fire History, Fuels
Region(s): Alaska, California, Eastern, Great Basin, Hawaii, Northern Rockies, Northwest, Rocky Mountain, Southern, Southwest, International, National
Keywords: biomass burning, human caused fires, carbon dioxide, climate change, fire management, fuel management, smoke management, anthropogenic burning, carbon dioxide emissions, climate change, Global Fire, pyrogeography, fire regimes, wildfire, Impact, Anthropocene, transition, landscape, patterns, drivers
Two specific fires from 2011 are tracked for local to regional scale contribution to ozone (O3) and fine particulate matter (PM2.5) using a freely available regulatory modeling system that includes the BlueSky wildland fire emissions tool, Spare Matrix Operator Kernel Emissions…
Person:
Year: 2016
Type: Document
Source: TTRS
Topic(s): Emissions and Smoke, Fire Effects, Models, Prescribed Fire
Region(s): Alaska, California, Eastern, Great Basin, Hawaii, Northern Rockies, Northwest, Rocky Mountain, Southern, Southwest, National
Keywords: wildfires, Arizona, Kansas, aerosols, air quality, ozone, particulates, fire management, smoke management, wild fire, Photochemical Model, ozone, particulate matter
From the text...'The plan was to parachute two military jumpers from a modified B-17, collect data and equipment from the Soviet ice station, and then extract the equipment and men using the Skyhook system...'
Person:
Year: 2015
Type: Document
Source: TTRS
Topic(s): Aviation, Emissions and Smoke, Fire Prevention, Weather
Region(s): Northwest, International
Keywords: fire equipment, fire suppression (aerial), Arctic, Washington, fire management, smoke management
From the text: Firefighting, especially smokejumping, is an exercise in outlasting the uncomfortable. I think it has little to do with gender; rather it is each individual's assessment and subsequent reaction to a given situation.'
Person:
Year: 2015
Type: Document
Source: TTRS
Topic(s): Aviation, Emissions and Smoke, Fire Prevention
Region(s): Alaska, California, Eastern, Great Basin, Hawaii, Northern Rockies, Northwest, Rocky Mountain, Southern, Southwest, National
Keywords: firefighting personnel, fire suppression (aerial), wildfires, fire management, smoke management
From the text...'A group of valiant men known as the Triple Nickles, the first African-American smokerjumpers, paved the way for so many in the smokejumping cadre...'
Person:
Year: 2015
Type: Document
Source: TTRS
Topic(s): Aviation, Emissions and Smoke, Fire Prevention, Safety
Region(s): Alaska, California, Eastern, Great Basin, Hawaii, Northern Rockies, Northwest, Rocky Mountain, Southern, Southwest, National
Keywords: fire injuries (humans), fire suppression (aerial), firefighting personnel, wildfires, mortality, fire management, smoke management
From the text ... 'Smoke can be transported hundreds of miles downwind by prevailing winds or convective winds generated by fires themselves with concentrations sufficient to make it the most significant source of air pollution over large areas.'
Person:
Year: 2015
Type: Document
Source: TTRS
Topic(s): Climate, Emissions and Smoke, Fire Effects, Models
Region(s): Alaska, California, Eastern, Great Basin, Hawaii, Northern Rockies, Northwest, Rocky Mountain, Southern, Southwest, National
Keywords: smoke effects, wildfires, air quality, climate change, pollution, fire management, smoke management
From the text...'Smokejumpers come from all over the country and represent a very diverse and well-educated workforce.'
Person:
Year: 2015
Type: Document
Source: TTRS
Topic(s): Aviation, Emissions and Smoke, Fire Prevention, Weather
Region(s): Alaska, California, Eastern, Great Basin, Hawaii, Northern Rockies, Northwest, Rocky Mountain, Southern, Southwest, National
Keywords: fire suppression (aerial), firefighting personnel, wildfires, education, fire management, smoke management
From the text ... 'One of the smokejumper program's defining characteristics is its commitment to innovation--a constant refinement of equipment and techniques that hearkens back to the program's earliest days.'
Person:
Year: 2015
Type: Document
Source: TTRS
Topic(s): Aviation, Emissions and Smoke, Fire History, Fire Prevention
Region(s): Alaska, California, Eastern, Great Basin, Hawaii, Northern Rockies, Northwest, Rocky Mountain, Southern, Southwest, National
Keywords: fire equipment, fire suppression (aerial), wildfires, fire management, smoke management
We have demonstrated the use of an advanced Gaussian-Process (GP) emulator to estimate wildland fire emissions over a wide range of fuel and atmospheric conditions. The Fire Emission Production Simulator, or FEPS, is used to produce an initial set of emissions data that…
Person:
Year: 2015
Type: Document
Source: TTRS
Topic(s): Emissions and Smoke, Fire Occurrence, Fuels, Models
Region(s): Alaska, California, Eastern, Great Basin, Hawaii, Northern Rockies, Northwest, Rocky Mountain, Southern, Southwest, National
Keywords: fire danger rating, fuel loading, wildfires, fire management, smoke management, fire emission, statistical emulator, simulator, FEPS, emission prediction, Gaussian processes
Landscape fires can produce large quantities of smoke that degrade air quality in both remote and urban communities. Smoke from these fires is a complex mixture of fine particulate matter and gases, exposure to which is associated with increased respiratory and cardiovascular…
Person:
Year: 2016
Type: Document
Source: TTRS
Topic(s): Emissions and Smoke, Fire Effects, Hazard and Risk, Prescribed Fire
Region(s): Alaska, California, Eastern, Great Basin, Hawaii, Northern Rockies, Northwest, Rocky Mountain, Southern, Southwest, International, National
Keywords: wildfires, air quality, Canada, Landscape Fire Smoke, wildfire smoke, portable air cleaners, HEPA filter - high effieciency particulate air filter, Intervention, particulate matter, wildfire smoke, cardiovascular health, Indoor Particles, forest fire, Intervention, impacts, Filtration, pollution, exposure
Fine particulate matter (PM2.5) generated by forest fires has been associated with a wide range of adverse health outcomes, including exacerbation of respiratory diseases and increased risk of mortality. Due to the unpredictable nature of forest fires, it is challenging for…
Person:
Year: 2016
Type: Document
Source: TTRS
Topic(s): Emissions and Smoke, Fire Effects, Models
Region(s): Alaska, California, Eastern, Great Basin, Hawaii, Northern Rockies, Northwest, Rocky Mountain, Southern, Southwest, International, National
Keywords: wildfires, British Columbia, Canada, air quality, health factors, particulates, fire management, smoke management, forest fire smoke, Blended Models, fine particulate matter, exposure assessment, epidemiology, public health
Wildfire can impose a direct impact on human health under climate change. While the potential impacts of climate change on wildfires and resulting air pollution have been studied, it is not known who will be most affected by the growing threat of wildfires. Identifying…
Person:
Year: 2016
Type: Document
Source: TTRS
Topic(s): Climate, Emissions and Smoke, Fire Occurrence, Hazard and Risk, Models
Region(s): Alaska, California, Eastern, Great Basin, Hawaii, Northern Rockies, Northwest, Rocky Mountain, Southern, Southwest, National
Keywords: smoke effects, wildfires, Oregon, Great Plains, air quality, climate change, particulates, pollution, fire management, smoke management, fine particles, forest fires, Impact, quality, health, Area, mortality, perspective, management
Exposure to forest fire smoke (FFS) is associated with multiple adverse health effects, mostly respiratory. Findings for cardiovascular effects have been inconsistent, possibly related to the limitations of conventional methods to assess FFS exposure. In previous work, we…
Person:
Year: 2016
Type: Document
Source: TTRS
Topic(s): Climate, Emissions and Smoke, Models
Region(s): Alaska, California, Eastern, Great Basin, Hawaii, Northern Rockies, Northwest, Rocky Mountain, Southern, Southwest, International, National
Keywords: smoke effects, wildfires, British Columbia, Canada, air quality, health factors, particulates, fire management, smoke management, forest fire smoke, particulate matter, respiratory effects, cardiovascular effects, epidemiology, southern California wildfires, fine particulate matter, Acute Otitis-Media, air pollution, hospital admissions, Cardiovascular-Disease, Australia 1994-2007, health outcomes, Daily Mortality, climate change
Highly buoyant plumes, such as wildfire plumes, in low to moderate wind speeds have initial trajectories that are steeper than many industrial waste plumes. They will rise further into the atmosphere before bending significantly. In such cases the plume's trajectory will be…
Person:
Year: 2016
Type: Document
Source: TTRS
Topic(s): Emissions and Smoke, Fire Behavior, Fire Effects, Hazard and Risk, Models
Region(s): Alaska, California, Eastern, Great Basin, Hawaii, Northern Rockies, Northwest, Rocky Mountain, Southern, Southwest, National
Keywords: flame length, wildfires, wind, fire management, plume, Bent-Over Plume, Highly Buoyant Plume, Fire Plume, wildfire, Near Source Behavior, Cross-Flows, Rise, wind, jet, fires, dispersion
Smog chambers are extensively used to study processes that drive gas and particle evolution in the atmosphere. A limitation of these experiments is that particles and gas-phase species may be lost to chamber walls on shorter timescales than the timescales of the atmospheric…
Person:
Year: 2015
Type: Document
Source: FRAMES
Topic(s): Emissions and Smoke, Fire Effects
Region(s): Alaska, California, Eastern, Great Basin, Hawaii, Northern Rockies, Northwest, Rocky Mountain, Southern, Southwest, National
Keywords: atmospheric particles, gas, combustion, secondary organic aerosol
Fires impact atmospheric composition through their emissions, which range from long-lived gases to short-lived gases and aerosols. Effects are typically larger in the tropics and boreal regions but can also be substantial in highly populated areas in the northern mid-latitudes.…
Person:
Year: 2015
Type: Document
Source: FRAMES
Topic(s): Climate, Emissions and Smoke, Fire Effects, Models, Safety
Region(s): Alaska, California, Eastern, Great Basin, Hawaii, Northern Rockies, Northwest, Rocky Mountain, Southern, Southwest, International, National
Keywords: wildfires, fires, biomass burning, CO - carbon monoxide, O3 - ozone, aerosols, radiative forcing, injection height
A recent study of simulated forecast-based interventions as a tool to reduce the health and economic burden during smoke episodes. The study illustrated a large health burden associated with these events and the potential benefit an adaptation of current forecasting technologies…
Person: Rappold
Year: 2015
Type: Media
Source: FRAMES
Topic(s): Economics, Emissions and Smoke, Models, Safety
Region(s): Alaska, California, Eastern, Great Basin, Hawaii, Northern Rockies, Northwest, Rocky Mountain, Southern, Southwest, National
Keywords: smoke impact, smoke exposure, health impacts, PM2.5, PM - particulate matter
Fire Dynamics Simulator (FDS) is a large-eddy simulation (LES) code for low-speed flows, with an emphasis on smoke and heat transport from fires. Smokeview (SMV) is a visualization program used to display the output of FDS and CFAST simulations.
Person:
Year: 2015
Type: Tool
Source: FRAMES
Topic(s): Emissions and Smoke, Fire Behavior
Region(s): Alaska, California, Eastern, Great Basin, Hawaii, Northern Rockies, Northwest, Rocky Mountain, Southern, Southwest, National
Keywords: LES - Large Eddy Simulation, heat transport, FDS - Fire Dynamics Simulator, Smokeview
Typical hazardous fuel reduction treatments target small diameter trees for removal producing large amounts of woody material, much of which is piled and burned on site. Little is known about how physical characteristics and the environmental conditions under which piles are…
Person:
Year: 2015
Type: Document
Source: FRAMES
Topic(s): Emissions and Smoke, Fire Effects, Fuels
Region(s): Northwest, Southwest
Keywords: pile burn
Regional air quality simulations were performed to evaluate the contributions of wildland fires to inter-annual variability of black carbon (BC) concentrations and to assess the contributions of wildfires vs. prescribed fires to BC concentrations and deposition rates to glacier…
Person:
Year: 2015
Type: Document
Source: FRAMES
Topic(s): Emissions and Smoke, Models, Prescribed Fire
Region(s): Great Basin, Northern Rockies, Northwest, Rocky Mountain
Keywords: black carbon, air quality
Wildland fire management has reached a crossroads. Current perspectives are not capable of answering interdisciplinary adaptation and mitigation challenges posed by increases in wildfire risk to human populations and the need to reintegrate fire as a vital landscape process.…
Person:
Year: 2016
Type: Document
Source: FRAMES
Topic(s): Aquatic, Climate, Economics, Emissions and Smoke, Fire Behavior, Fire Ecology, Fire Effects, Fire History, Fire Occurrence, Fire Prevention, Fuels, Hazard and Risk, Intelligence, Mapping, Models, Monitoring and Inventory, Outreach, Planning, Prescribed Fire, Regulations and Legislation, Restoration and Rehabilitation, Safety, Social Science, Weather, Wildland-Urban Interface (WUI)
Region(s): Alaska, California, Eastern, Great Basin, Hawaii, Northern Rockies, Northwest, Rocky Mountain, Southern, Southwest, National
Keywords: wildland fires, adaptation, mitigation, resilience, information sharing