Type
Topic
Region
Year
Displaying 1 - 25 of 126
Unusually high levels of
Person:
Year: 2007
Type: Document
Source: TTRS
Topic(s): Fire Ecology, Climate, Emissions and Smoke, Models
Region(s): International
Keywords: air quality, biomass, biomass burning, broadcast burning, cropland fires, Europe, fire management, forest management, pollen, pollution, remote sensing, Russia, statistical analysis, United Kingdom, wildfires, wind, atmospheric dispersion modelling, forest fires, long-range transport, pollution
Recent studies have shown that emissions of mercury (Hg), a hazardous air pollutant, from fires can be significant. However, to date, these emissions have not been well-quantified for the entire United States. Daily emissions of Hg from fires in the lower 48 states of the United…
Person:
Year: 2007
Type: Document
Source: TTRS
Topic(s): Fire Ecology, Emissions and Smoke, Models, Prescribed Fire
Region(s): Alaska, Great Basin, Northwest
Keywords: air quality, boreal forests, coniferous forests, ecosystem dynamics, fire management, grasslands, Hg - mercury, smoke management, statistical analysis, toxicity, wildfires
The post-harvest burning of agricultural fields is commonly used to dispose of crop residue and provide other desired services such as pest control. Despite careful regulation of burning, smoke plumes from field burning in the Pacific Northwest commonly degrade air quality,…
Person:
Year: 2007
Type: Document
Source: TTRS
Topic(s): Climate, Emissions and Smoke, Fuels, Models, Prescribed Fire
Region(s): Alaska, California, Eastern, Great Basin, Hawaii, Northern Rockies, Northwest, Rocky Mountain, Southern, Southwest, National
Keywords: agriculture, air quality, biomass, broadcast burning, cropland fires, croplands, fire management, fuel moisture, fuel types, hydrocarbons, Idaho, pest control, range management, season of fire, smoke behavior, smoke management, Washington, wind, CALPUFF, PM2.5, biomass burning, air quality model, ClearSky
Fire is one of the key disturbances affecting trembling aspen (Populus tremuloides Michx.) forest ecosystems within western Canadian wildlands, including Elk Island National Park in central Alberta, Canada. Although prescribed fire is a tool available to modify aspen forests, a…
Person:
Year: 2007
Type: Document
Source: TTRS
Topic(s): Emissions and Smoke, Fire Ecology, Fuels, Models, Prescribed Fire, Weather
Region(s): Alaska, California, Eastern, Great Basin, Hawaii, Northern Rockies, Northwest, Rocky Mountain, Southern, Southwest, International, National
Keywords: Alberta, Canada, combustion, coniferous forests, disturbance, droughts, duff, ecosystem dynamics, experimental fires, fire intensity, fire management, forest management, fuel moisture, ground fires, ignition, moisture, national parks, plant communities, plant growth, Populus, Populus tremuloides, rate of spread, sampling, smoke management, statistical analysis, wildfires, FWI - Canadian Forest Fire Weather Index System, ground fire, subsurface fire
The re-ignition potential of partially burnt wood-based embers was investigated theoretically by studying their extinction characteristics. An adaptation of Semenov's thermal explosion theory was used in conjunction with a linear stability analysis to determine the critical…
Person:
Year: 2007
Type: Document
Source: TTRS
Topic(s): Emissions and Smoke, Fire Behavior, Models, Safety
Region(s): International
Keywords: adaptation, Araucaria cunninghami, Australia, brush fires, char, combustion, Eucalyptus maculata, fire intensity, fire management, fire size, firebrands, heat, ignition, particulates, Pinus radiata, rate of spread, statistical analysis, temperature, wildfires, wind, wood, flame spread, mathematical modelling
A risk assessment framework was used to assess the risks of forest fire smoke (ffs) to the exposed communities, critical infrastructures and the environment. The present work is focused on the planning and problem formulation phases of this risk assessment procedure.…
Person:
Year: 2007
Type: Document
Source: TTRS
Topic(s): Emissions and Smoke, Fire Ecology, Hazard and Risk, Models, Safety
Region(s): Alaska, California, Eastern, Great Basin, Hawaii, Northern Rockies, Northwest, Rocky Mountain, Southern, Southwest, National
Keywords: air quality, chemical compounds, fire management, firefighting personnel, gases, hydrocarbons, particulates, smoke behavior, smoke effects, smoke management, statistical analysis, toxicity, wildfires, wind, forest fire smoke, data integration, field chemical data, risk assessment, firefighters
From the text ... 'Grass fires, although not as intense as forest fires, present a major threat to life and property during periods of drought in the Great Plains of the United States. Recently, major wildland grass fires in Texas burned nearly 1.6 million acres and destroyed…
Person:
Year: 2007
Type: Document
Source: TTRS
Topic(s): Emissions and Smoke, Fire Behavior, Fire Ecology, Fuels, Models, Prescribed Fire
Region(s): Southern
Keywords: Andropogon gerardii, carbon dioxide, crown fires, fire damage (property), fire injuries (animals), fire injuries (plants), fire management, fire size, fuel management, fuel moisture, grass fires, grasses, grasslands, Great Plains, livestock, moisture, mortality, prairies, radiation, rate of spread, Schizachyrium scoparium, soil temperature, temperature, Texas, Tridens, wildfires, wind
We describe emission-transmission measurements performed at different heights in a flame from a cylindrical forest fuel burner, using a camera operating in the thermal infrared (7.5-13 µm). The forest fuel burner was made of a cylindrical wire mesh basket filled with a forest…
Person:
Year: 2007
Type: Document
Source: TTRS
Topic(s): Emissions and Smoke, Fire Behavior, Fire Ecology, Fuels, Models
Region(s): Alaska, California, Eastern, Great Basin, Hawaii, Northern Rockies, Northwest, Rocky Mountain, Southern, Southwest, National
Keywords: combustion, fire management, flame length, fuel management, gases, heat, laboratory fires, needles, particulates, photography, Pinus pinaster, radiation, smoke management, soot, statistical analysis, temperature, wildfires, forest fires, IR thermography, radiation, soot
The main purpose of this paper is to present a fire behaviour system, developed to estimate fire progression, smoke dispersion and visibility impairment, at a local scale, and to evaluate its performance by comparing results with measurements from the Gestosa 2004 experimental…
Person:
Year: 2007
Type: Document
Source: TTRS
Topic(s): Climate, Emissions and Smoke, Fire Behavior, Fire Ecology, Models, Weather
Region(s): International
Keywords: air quality, Europe, fire growth, fire management, fire size, particulates, pollution, Portugal, rate of spread, smoke effects, smoke management, statistical analysis, topography, wildfires
Aim Globally, most landscape burning occurs in the tropical savanna biome, where fire is a characteristic of the annual dry season. In northern Australia there is uncertainty about how the frequency and timing of dry season fires have changed in the transition from Aboriginal to…
Person:
Year: 2007
Type: Document
Source: TTRS
Topic(s): Climate, Emissions and Smoke, Fire History, Fire Occurrence, Models, Prescribed Fire
Region(s): International
Keywords: aborigines, air quality, Australia, biomass, broadcast burning, disturbance, fire frequency, fire management, land management, Northern Territory of Australia, particulates, pollution, presettlement fires, savannas, season of fire, tropical regions, Aboriginal fire management, air pollution, airport visibility, Australian summer monsoon, biomass burning, deep moist convection, historical ecology, Tropical Savanna
There is some evidence that the initiation of warm rain is suppressed in clouds over regions with vegetation fires. Thus, the ice phase becomes important as another possibility to initiate precipitation. Numerical simulations were performed to investigate heterogeneous drop…
Person:
Year: 2007
Type: Document
Source: TTRS
Topic(s): Emissions and Smoke, Models, Prescribed Fire
Region(s): International
Keywords: aerosols, air quality, biomass, biomass burning, broadcast burning, Europe, fire management, Germany, moisture, particulates, precipitation, soil management, statistical analysis, biomass burning, heterogeneous drop freezing, ice nuclei, mixed-phase cloud
Smouldering combustion is of particular relevance in ecosystems with carbon rich soils, such as peatlands (Rein 2013; Turetsky et al. 2011). Topical examples of large peatland fires are the tropical peatland fires in Indonesia and the Russian peatland fires near Moscow, which…
Person:
Year: 2013
Type: Document
Source: TTRS
Topic(s): Emissions and Smoke, Fire Behavior, Models
Region(s): International
Keywords: smoke behavior, peat, soil moisture, United Kingdom, Europe, fire management, smoke management, peatlands, peat moisture content, Approximate Bayesian Computation
Fire has a role in ecosystem services; naturally produced wildfires are important for the sustainability of many terrestrial biomes and fire is one of nature's primary carbon-cycling mechanisms. Under a warming climate, it is likely that fire frequency and severity will increase…
Person:
Year: 2013
Type: Document
Source: FRAMES
Topic(s): Administration, Climate, Emissions and Smoke, Fire Effects, Models, Regulations and Legislation
Region(s): Alaska, California, Eastern, Great Basin, Hawaii, Northern Rockies, Northwest, Rocky Mountain, Southern, Southwest, International, National
Keywords: climate change, biomass burning, policy, air quality
The health and function of forest ecosystems throughout the world include periodic exposure to disturbances such as fire. Fire has been instrumental in the evolution of large segments of flora and fauna and in preventing fuel accumulations that resulted in extreme fire behaviour…
Person:
Year: 2013
Type: Document
Source: TTRS
Topic(s): Emissions and Smoke, Fire Behavior, Fire Effects, Fuels, Hazard and Risk, Models, Social Science
Region(s): International
Keywords: fire danger rating, fire hazard reduction, fire intensity, flammability, fuel accumulation, fuel loading, fuel models, live fuels, rate of spread, surface fuels, wildfires, fragmentation, grazing, invasive species, native species (plants), site treatments, soil erosion, thinning, ecosystem dynamics, fire management, forest management, smoke management, burn severity, community preparedness, decision support, forest thinning, live fuels, mechanical treatment, risk assessment, smoke transport
Smoke plume height is important for modelling smoke transport and resulting effects on air quality. This study presents analyses of ceilometer measurements of smoke plume heights for twenty prescribed burns in the south-eastern United States. Measurements were conducted from mid…
Person:
Year: 2013
Type: Document
Source: FRAMES, TTRS
Topic(s): Emissions and Smoke, Models, Prescribed Fire
Region(s): Southern
Keywords: fire frequency, fire size, smoke behavior, air quality, military lands, national forests, particulates, statistical analysis, Pinus palustris, longleaf pine, north Florida, Georgia, fire management, smoke management, coastal plain, pine hardwood forests, sandhills, wildlife refuges, ceilometer measurement, particulate matter (PM) concentrations, smoke plume height
Among the key issues in smoke management is predicting the magnitude and location of smoke effects. These vary in severity from hazardous (acute health conditions and drastic visibility impairment to transportation) to nuisance (regional haze), and occur across a range of scales…
Person:
Year: 2013
Type: Document
Source: FRAMES, TTRS
Topic(s): Emissions and Smoke, Models
Region(s): Alaska, California, Eastern, Great Basin, Hawaii, Northern Rockies, Northwest, Rocky Mountain, Southern, Southwest, International, National
Keywords: smoke effects, wildfires, air quality, particulates, pollution, Canada, Mississippi, Tennessee, fire management, smoke management, air-quality impacts, forest fires, atmospheric transport, lower stratosphere, stochastic models, plume rise, simulation, system, dispersion, smoke modeling, smoke transport, smoke prediction systems
The purpose of this work is to propose new indices for the spatial validation of hazardous plumes forecast, and apply and test them with data of a case study. One, the Plume-Overlap-Area Hit index, is a modification of a widely used index that considers the overlap area between…
Person:
Year: 2013
Type: Document
Source: TTRS
Topic(s): Emissions and Smoke, Fire Occurrence, Intelligence, Models
Region(s): International
Keywords: grass fires, rangeland fires, wildfires, remote sensing, Argentina, South America, fire management, range management, smoke management, grasslands, plume forecast, dispersion model, validation index, case study
Background: A study of the impacts on respiratory health of the 2007 wildland fires in and around San Diego County, California is presented. This study helps to address the impact of fire emissions on human health by modeling the exposure potential of proximate populations to…
Person:
Year: 2013
Type: Document
Source: TTRS
Topic(s): Emissions and Smoke, Fire Occurrence, Models, Safety, Wildland-Urban Interface (WUI)
Region(s): California
Keywords: catastrophic fires, fire case histories, wildfires, air quality, Foehn winds, health factors, southern California, fire management, forest management, smoke management, wildland fire, particulate matter emissions, syndromic surveillance, generalized additive modeling, air quality, respiratory health, San Diego County
Smoke dispersion modelling based on the Fire Emission Production Simulator and the Hybrid Single Particle Lagrangian Integrated Trajectory (FEPS-HYSPLIT) model was applied to prescribed burns in the Lake Tahoe Basin (LTB) during fall 2011. This, in conjunction with measurements…
Person:
Year: 2013
Type: Document
Source: TTRS
Topic(s): Emissions and Smoke, Fire Ecology, Models, Prescribed Fire
Region(s): California, Great Basin
Keywords: combustion, biomass burning, smoke effects, air quality, pollution, Nevada, fire management, forest management, smoke management, smoke forecast, biomass burning, emission model, PM2.5 emission factor, WRF, IMPROVE network
Atmospheric organic aerosol concentrations depend in part on the gas-particle partitioning of primary organic aerosol (POA) emissions. Consequently, heating and dilution were used to investigate the volatility of biomass-burning smoke particles from combustion of common North…
Person:
Year: 2013
Type: Document
Source: FRAMES
Topic(s): Emissions and Smoke, Models
Region(s): Northern Rockies
Keywords: biomass burning, organic aerosols, gas-particle partitioning, volatility distributions
Smoke from wildfires has adverse biological and social consequences, and various lines of evidence suggest that smoke concentrations in the future may be more intense, more frequent, more widespread, or all of the above. In this document, we review the essential ingredients of a…
Person:
Year: 2013
Type: Document
Source: FRAMES
Topic(s): Climate, Emissions and Smoke, Fire Behavior, Fire Effects, Models
Region(s): Alaska, California, Eastern, Great Basin, Hawaii, Northern Rockies, Northwest, Rocky Mountain, Southern, Southwest, International, National
Keywords: climate change, smoke transport, smoke prediction systems, wildfire regime, feedbacks, coupled models
Satellite based fire radiant energy retrievals are widely applied to assess biomass consumed and emissions at regional to global scales. A known potential source of uncertainty in biomass burning estimates arises from fuel moisture but this impact has not been quantified in…
Person:
Year: 2013
Type: Document
Source: FRAMES
Topic(s): Emissions and Smoke, Fire Behavior, Fuels, Mapping, Models
Region(s): Alaska, California, Eastern, Great Basin, Hawaii, Northern Rockies, Northwest, Rocky Mountain, Southern, Southwest, National
Keywords: fuel moisture, remote sensing, biomass burning, FRE - Fire Radiative Energy, FRP - Fire Radiative Power
The Fire Modeling Institute (FMI) brings the best available fire and fuel science and technology developed throughout the research community to bear in fire-related management issues. Although located within the Fire, Fuel, and Smoke Science Program of the U.S. Forest Service…
Person:
Year: 2013
Type: Document
Source: FRAMES
Topic(s): Emissions and Smoke, Fire Behavior, Fuels, Mapping, Models, Monitoring and Inventory
Region(s): Alaska, California, Eastern, Great Basin, Hawaii, Northern Rockies, Northwest, Rocky Mountain, Southern, Southwest, National
Keywords: MPB - mountain pine beetle, smoke science research, Fire Modeling Institute
In a burn of 5-year-old secondary forest cleared for agriculture in Roraima, Brazil, carbon partitioning was measured for above-ground portions of both secondary forest (regrowth) and the remains of original forest, felled and burned six years previously. Above-ground dry weight…
Person:
Year: 2007
Type: Document
Source: FRAMES, TTRS
Topic(s): Climate, Emissions and Smoke, Fire Effects, Fuels, Models, Prescribed Fire, Restoration and Rehabilitation
Region(s): International
Keywords: charcoal, agriculture, deforestation, global warming, Brazil, biomass burning, greenhouse gas, secondary forests, carbon dioxide, axis, biomass, broadcast burning, C - carbon, CO2 - carbon dioxide, cutting, diameter classes, fire management, forest management, climate change, litter, palms, post-fire recovery, sampling, second growth forests, tropical forest, vines
Fire is the dominant disturbance in forest ecosystems across Canada and Alaska, and has important implications for forest ecosystems, terrestrial carbon dioxide emissions and the forestry industry. Large fire activity had increased in Canadian and Alaskan forests during the last…
Person:
Year: 2007
Type: Document
Source: FRAMES, TTRS
Topic(s): Climate, Emissions and Smoke, Fire Behavior, Fire Ecology, Fire Occurrence, Hazard and Risk, Models, Weather
Region(s): Alaska, International
Keywords: boreal forest, Canada, fire, drought, carbon dioxide, computer program, disturbance, ecosystem dynamics, fire danger rating, fire frequency, fire management, fire regimes, fire size, flammability, forest management, moisture, season of fire, wildfires