Type
Topic
Region
Year
Displaying 1 - 25 of 28
Observation shows that three types of horizontal vortices may form during intense wildland fires. Two of these vortices are longitudinal relative to the ambient wind and the third is transverse. One of the longitudinal types, a vortex pair, occurs with extreme heat and low to…
Person:
Year: 1987
Type: Document
Source: TTRS
Topic(s): Fire Ecology, Emissions and Smoke, Fire Behavior, Fuels, Prescribed Fire, Safety
Region(s): California, Eastern, Great Basin, Southwest, International
Keywords: Arizona, catastrophic fires, coniferous forests, convection, crown fires, Europe, field experimental fires, fire intensity, fire management, fire suppression, firebrands, flame length, France, fuel types, heat, heat effects, heavy fuels, ignition, laboratory fires, Michigan, Minnesota, mountains, national forests, Nevada, Pinus edulis, rate of spread, slash, smoke behavior, statistical analysis, temperature, vortices, wilderness areas, wildfires, wind, Wisconsin
Prescribed burnings are conducted in Queensland each year from August until November aiming to decrease the impact of bushfire hazards and maintain the health of vegetation. This study reports chemical characteristics of the ambient aerosol, with a focus on source apportionment…
Person:
Year: 2016
Type: Document
Source: TTRS
Topic(s): Emissions and Smoke, Fire Occurrence, Hazard and Risk, Prescribed Fire, Safety
Region(s): International
Keywords: biomass burning, wildfires, Australia, Queensland, aerosols, air quality, hydrocarbons, fire management, forest management, air quality, biomass burning, Organic Aerosol, Aerosol Mass Spectrometry, source apportionment, positive matrix factorization, Submicron Organic Aerosols, biomass burning emissions, Factor-Analytic Models, Mass-Spectrometer Data, source apportionment, Multilinear Engine, Urban Air, Secondary, components
Smoke-haze episodes, caused by uncontrolled peat and forest fires, occur almost every year in the South-East Asian region with increased concentrations of PM2.5 (airborne particulate matter (PM) with diameter < 2.5 mm). Particulate-bound trace elements (TrElems), especially…
Person:
Year: 2016
Type: Document
Source: TTRS
Topic(s): Emissions and Smoke, Hazard and Risk, Safety
Region(s): International
Keywords: Asia, Singapore, aerosols, air quality, health factors, fire management, smoke management, Metal Bioaccessibility, Simulated Lung Fluids, smoke haze, health risk assessment, aerosols
The 2011 Richardson wildland mega-fire in the Athabasca Oil Sands Region (AOSR) in northern Alberta, Canada had large effects on air quality. At a receptor site in the center of the AOSR ambient PM2.5, O3, NO, NO2, SO2, NH3, HONO, HNO3, NH4+ and NO3- were measured during the…
Person:
Year: 2016
Type: Document
Source: TTRS
Topic(s): Climate, Emissions and Smoke, Fire Effects, Hazard and Risk, Safety
Region(s): International
Keywords: wildfires, Canada, Alberta, Richardson Fire, smoke effects, fine particulate matter, Reactive Nitrogenous Species, SO2 - sulfur dioxide, sulfate, ozone, Athabasca Oil Sands, Passive Sampling System, Ambient Nitric-Acid, Nitrous-Acid, tropospheric ozone, climate change, trace gases, atmospheric deposition, chemical composition, Ammonia Emissions
There is limited research on the exposure of wildland firefighters to smoke because of the operational obstacles when monitoring air pollutants in the field. In this work, a grid of portable sensors was used to measure PM2.5 and CO concentrations in the near-source region during…
Person:
Year: 2016
Type: Document
Source: TTRS
Topic(s): Emissions and Smoke, Fire Behavior, Fuels, Hazard and Risk, Safety
Region(s): International
Keywords: experimental fires, firefighting personnel, fuel loading, fuel moisture, smoke effects, wildfires, Europe, Portugal, air quality, fire management, fuel management, smoke management, shrublands, Fire Experiments, smoke emissions, smoke plume, firefighter exposure, Portable Sensor
In September-October 2015, ElNino and positive Indian Ocean Dipole conditions set the stage for massive fires in Sumatra and Kalimantan (Indonesian Borneo), leading to persistently hazardous levels of smoke pollution across much of Equatorial Asia. Here we quantify the emission…
Person:
Year: 2016
Type: Document
Source: TTRS
Topic(s): Emissions and Smoke, Hazard and Risk, Intelligence, Models, Safety
Region(s): International
Keywords: fire size, wildfires, Asia, Indonesia, Malaysia, Singapore, air quality, ENSO - El Nino Southern Oscillation, health factors, remote sensing, fire management, land use, smoke management, Land Use Change Fires, smoke exposure, GEOS-Chem Adjoint
Subtitle: Indonesian peatlands need to be protected and restored to prevent fires and the health, environmental and economic impact that they have on the wider region. © Macmillan Publishers Limited. All rights reserved.
Person:
Year: 2016
Type: Document
Source: TTRS
Topic(s): Climate, Emissions and Smoke, Fire Effects, Fire Prevention, Hazard and Risk, Outreach, Safety
Region(s): International
Keywords: fire size, wildfires, Asia, Indonesia, air quality, health factors, fire management, smoke management, peatlands, El-Nino, Indonesia, forests
In Northern Thailand, wildland fire during cold period releases large amounts of smoke and fine particles into the atmosphere. The fine particles include several persistent organic compounds such as PAHs. In this study, PM2.5-bound PAH concentrations in the air of nine…
Person:
Year: 2016
Type: Document
Source: FRAMES
Topic(s): Emissions and Smoke, Safety
Region(s): International
Keywords: Thailand, cancer, wildfire, wildland fire, PM - particulate matter, PM2.5, PAH - polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, public health
Wildland fire management has reached a crossroads. Current perspectives are not capable of answering interdisciplinary adaptation and mitigation challenges posed by increases in wildfire risk to human populations and the need to reintegrate fire as a vital landscape process.…
Person:
Year: 2016
Type: Document
Source: FRAMES
Topic(s): Aquatic, Climate, Economics, Emissions and Smoke, Fire Behavior, Fire Ecology, Fire Effects, Fire History, Fire Occurrence, Fire Prevention, Fuels, Hazard and Risk, Intelligence, Mapping, Models, Monitoring and Inventory, Outreach, Planning, Prescribed Fire, Regulations and Legislation, Restoration and Rehabilitation, Safety, Social Science, Weather, Wildland-Urban Interface (WUI)
Region(s): Alaska, California, Eastern, Great Basin, Hawaii, Northern Rockies, Northwest, Rocky Mountain, Southern, Southwest, National
Keywords: wildland fires, adaptation, mitigation, resilience, information sharing
Background: Cardiovascular health effects of fine particulate matter (PM2.5) exposure from wildfire smoke are neither definitive nor consistent with PM2.5 from other air pollution sources. Non-comparability among wildfire health studies limits research conclusions. Methods: We…
Person:
Year: 2016
Type: Document
Source: FRAMES, TTRS
Topic(s): Emissions and Smoke, Fire Effects, Hazard and Risk, Safety
Region(s): Southern
Keywords: North Carolina, peat fires, cardiopulmonary, health effects, PM - particulate matter, PM2.5, respiratory effects, cardiovascular effects, hypertension, syndromic surveillance, public health, smoke effects, wildfires, health factors, fire management, forest management, smoke management
We investigated health effects associated with fine particulate matter during a long-lived, large wildfire complex in northern California in the summer of 2008. We estimated exposure to PM2.5 for each day using an exposure prediction model created through data-adaptive machine…
Person:
Year: 2016
Type: Document
Source: FRAMES, TTRS
Topic(s): Emissions and Smoke, Fire Effects, Hazard and Risk, Models, Safety
Region(s): California
Keywords: health effects, wildland fires, climate change, vulnerable populations, asthma, air pollution, PM - particulate matter, fire case histories, wildfires, air quality, diseases, health factors, particulates, pollution, statistical analysis, fire management
Background and objective: The 2006-2007 wildfire period was one of the most extensive and long lasting fires in Australian history with high levels of fine particulate matter (PM2.5). Large populations were exposed to smoke for over 2 months. The study aimed to investigate the…
Person:
Year: 2016
Type: Document
Source: FRAMES
Topic(s): Emissions and Smoke, Fire Effects, Safety
Region(s): International
Keywords: Australia, PM - particulate matter, PM2.5 airborne concentrations, health risk, asthma
This guide is designed to help local public health officials prepare for smoke events, to take measures to protect the public when smoke is present, and communicate with the public about wildfire smoke and health. The 2016 version has been updated with the assistance and…
Person:
Year: 2016
Type: Document
Source: FRAMES
Topic(s): Emissions and Smoke, Outreach, Planning, Regulations and Legislation, Safety
Region(s): Alaska, California, Eastern, Great Basin, Hawaii, Northern Rockies, Northwest, Rocky Mountain, Southern, Southwest, National
Keywords: public health, wildfire, health impacts, smoke components, sensitive populations, mitigation, smoke exposure, air quality
Introduction: Non-compliance with respiratory protection programs among firefighters may put them at increased risk of injury and illness from occupational exposures during fire extinguishing activities. This research aims to characterize respiratory protection practices among…
Person:
Year: 2016
Type: Document
Source: FRAMES
Topic(s): Emissions and Smoke, Fire Prevention, Hazard and Risk, Safety
Region(s): Southern
Keywords: firefighters, respiratory protection, respiratory illness, Florida, survey
Prescribed burning is used to reduce the occurrence, extent and severity of uncontrolled fires in many flammable landscapes. However, epidemiologic evidence of the human health impacts of landscape fire smoke emissions is shaping fire management practice through increasingly…
Person:
Year: 2016
Type: Document
Source: FRAMES, TTRS
Topic(s): Emissions and Smoke, Fire Effects, Fire Occurrence, Fuels, Hazard and Risk, Models, Prescribed Fire, Regulations and Legislation, Safety
Region(s): International
Keywords: smoke effects, human health, health effects, wildfires, health impacts, air quality, fire regimes, fuel loading, fire management
Background. Wildfires are anticipated to be more frequent and intense under climate change. As a result, wildfires may emit more air pollutants that can harm health in communities in the future. The health impacts of wildfire smoke under climate change are largely unknown.…
Person:
Year: 2016
Type: Document
Source: FRAMES
Topic(s): Climate, Emissions and Smoke, Fire Effects, Models, Safety
Region(s): California, Great Basin, Northern Rockies, Northwest, Rocky Mountain, Southwest
Keywords: climate change, wildfires, respiratory illness, PM - particulate matter, fine particulate matter, GEOS-Chem, public health, health risk
[Executive Summary] The Federal Land Assistance, Management, and Enhancement Act of 2009 (FLAME Act) called for the development of a National Cohesive Wildland Fire Management Strategy (Cohesive Strategy). The Cohesive Strategy was created to serve as guidance to assist…
Person:
Year: 2016
Type: Document
Source: FRAMES
Topic(s): Administration, Aquatic, Aviation, Climate, Communications, Economics, Emissions and Smoke, Fire Behavior, Fire Ecology, Fire Effects, Fire History, Fire Occurrence, Fire Prevention, Fuels, Hazard and Risk, Intelligence, Logistics, Mapping, Models, Monitoring and Inventory, Outreach, Planning, Prescribed Fire, Regulations and Legislation, Restoration and Rehabilitation, Safety, Social Science, Weather, Wildland-Urban Interface (WUI)
Region(s): Alaska, California, Eastern, Great Basin, Hawaii, Northern Rockies, Northwest, Rocky Mountain, Southern, Southwest, National
Keywords: wildland fire, National Cohesive Wildland Fire Management Strategy (Cohesive Strategy), WFLC - Wildland Fire Leadership Council, fuels management, CPAW - Community Planning Assistance for Wildfire, community planning, wildfire
Background: Wildfire activity is predicted to increase in many parts of the world due to changes in temperature and precipitation patterns from global climate change. Wildfire smoke contains numerous hazardous air pollutants and many studies have documented population health…
Person:
Year: 2016
Type: Document
Source: FRAMES, TTRS
Topic(s): Emissions and Smoke, Fire Effects, Hazard and Risk, Safety
Region(s): Alaska, California, Eastern, Great Basin, Hawaii, Northern Rockies, Northwest, Rocky Mountain, Southern, Southwest, International, National
Keywords: health impacts, air pollutants, literature review, respiratory illness, wildfires, smoke effects, air quality, health factors, hydrocarbons, ozone, particulates, pollution, fire management, smoke management
A series of presentations in which experts explore the trade-offs between wildfire, prescribed fire, forest health, and public health in a one day public forum. This seminar event was hosted by the University of British Columbia on April 18th, 2016.
Person:
Year: 2016
Type: Website
Source: FRAMES
Topic(s): Emissions and Smoke, Fire Behavior, Fire Effects, Models, Monitoring and Inventory, Prescribed Fire, Safety
Region(s): Alaska, California, Eastern, Great Basin, Hawaii, Northern Rockies, Northwest, Rocky Mountain, Southern, Southwest, International, National
Keywords: smoke management, public health, fire management, air quality, smoke prediction
The 2014 National Smoke Forum was held in Halifax, Nova Scotia on October 10, 2014 in association with the Wildland Fire Canada conference. The Forum was an opportunity to discuss the importance of wildfire smoke, review the current technology and tools that help inform decision…
Person:
Year: 2016
Type: Website
Source: FRAMES
Topic(s): Emissions and Smoke, Fire Behavior, Fire Effects, Models, Monitoring and Inventory, Safety
Region(s): International
Keywords: smoke management, public health, PM - particulate matter, smoke forecasting, BlueSky Modeling Framework, air quality
On the evening of July 30, 2015, 38-year-old Black Hills National Forest Engine Captain David “Dave” Ruhl was entrapped and killed while scouting on foot during initial attack of the Frog Fire on the Modoc National Forest (Region 5, California). A Coordinated Response Team was…
Person:
Year: 2016
Type: Document
Source: FRAMES
Topic(s): Emissions and Smoke, Fire Behavior, Fire Occurrence, Fire Prevention, Logistics, Planning, Safety
Region(s): California
Keywords: Frog Fire, Modoc National Forest, firefighter fatalities, lessons learned, entrapment, fatalities, fire management, fire suppression, training
The Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) is finalizing revisions to certain sections within the regulations that govern the exclusion of event-influenced air quality data from certain regulatory decisions under the Clean Air Act (CAA). The EPA’s mission includes preserving and…
Person:
Year: 2016
Type: Document
Source: FRAMES
Topic(s): Emissions and Smoke, Planning, Regulations and Legislation, Safety
Region(s): Alaska, California, Eastern, Great Basin, Hawaii, Northern Rockies, Northwest, Rocky Mountain, Southern, Southwest, National
Keywords: air quality, air pollution, Clean Air Act, PM2.5, PM10, particulate emissions, public health, exceptional event, NAAQS - National Ambient Air Quality Standards
Characterizing public tolerance of smoke from wildland fires in communities across the United States
Little is known about public tolerance of smoke from wildland fires. By combining data from two household surveys, we sought to determine whether tolerance of smoke from wildland fires varies with its origin or managerial rationale, to describe geographical variation in…
Person:
Year: 2016
Type: Document
Source: FRAMES, TTRS
Topic(s): Communications, Emissions and Smoke, Fire Prevention, Outreach, Prescribed Fire, Safety, Wildland-Urban Interface (WUI)
Region(s): Alaska, California, Eastern, Great Basin, Hawaii, Northern Rockies, Northwest, Rocky Mountain, Southern, Southwest, National
Keywords: forest management, public health, tolerance, public acceptance, wildfires, survey, fire suppression, lightning caused fires, Oregon, South Carolina, Montana, Idaho, Texas, Louisiana, air quality, health factors, slash, thinning, fire management, smoke management, smoke effects
Working on a wildland fire incident, you are responsible for the safety of yourself and those around you. At high exposure levels, smoke inhalation can jeopardize this safety by impairing your decision-making abilities. If your health is impaired your judgment and decision…
Person:
Year: 2016
Type: Document
Source: FRAMES
Topic(s): Emissions and Smoke, Safety
Region(s): Alaska, California, Eastern, Great Basin, Hawaii, Northern Rockies, Northwest, Rocky Mountain, Southern, Southwest, National
Keywords: smoke exposure, firefighter safety, CO - carbon monoxide, formaldehyde, acrolein, ozone, particulates, nitrogen oxides, mitigation, PPE - Personal Protective Equipment
Fire whirls are powerful, spinning disasters for people and surroundings when they occur in large urban and wildland fires. Whereas fire whirls have been studied for fire-safety applications, previous research has yet to harness their potential burning efficiency for enhanced…
Person:
Year: 2016
Type: Document
Source: FRAMES, TTRS
Topic(s): Emissions and Smoke, Fire Behavior, Safety
Region(s): Alaska, California, Eastern, Great Basin, Hawaii, Northern Rockies, Northwest, Rocky Mountain, Southern, Southwest, National
Keywords: fire whirls, vortex breakdown, blue whirl, combustion, soot, flame length, laboratory fires, pollution, wildfires, fire management