Type
Topic
Region
Year
Displaying 1 - 25 of 59
Smouldering combustion is of particular relevance in ecosystems with carbon rich soils, such as peatlands (Rein 2013; Turetsky et al. 2011). Topical examples of large peatland fires are the tropical peatland fires in Indonesia and the Russian peatland fires near Moscow, which…
Person:
Year: 2013
Type: Document
Source: TTRS
Topic(s): Emissions and Smoke, Fire Behavior, Models
Region(s): International
Keywords: smoke behavior, peat, soil moisture, United Kingdom, Europe, fire management, smoke management, peatlands, peat moisture content, Approximate Bayesian Computation
Fire has a role in ecosystem services; naturally produced wildfires are important for the sustainability of many terrestrial biomes and fire is one of nature's primary carbon-cycling mechanisms. Under a warming climate, it is likely that fire frequency and severity will increase…
Person:
Year: 2013
Type: Document
Source: FRAMES
Topic(s): Administration, Climate, Emissions and Smoke, Fire Effects, Models, Regulations and Legislation
Region(s): Alaska, California, Eastern, Great Basin, Hawaii, Northern Rockies, Northwest, Rocky Mountain, Southern, Southwest, International, National
Keywords: climate change, biomass burning, policy, air quality
The health and function of forest ecosystems throughout the world include periodic exposure to disturbances such as fire. Fire has been instrumental in the evolution of large segments of flora and fauna and in preventing fuel accumulations that resulted in extreme fire behaviour…
Person:
Year: 2013
Type: Document
Source: TTRS
Topic(s): Emissions and Smoke, Fire Behavior, Fire Effects, Fuels, Hazard and Risk, Models, Social Science
Region(s): International
Keywords: fire danger rating, fire hazard reduction, fire intensity, flammability, fuel accumulation, fuel loading, fuel models, live fuels, rate of spread, surface fuels, wildfires, fragmentation, grazing, invasive species, native species (plants), site treatments, soil erosion, thinning, ecosystem dynamics, fire management, forest management, smoke management, burn severity, community preparedness, decision support, forest thinning, live fuels, mechanical treatment, risk assessment, smoke transport
Smoke plume height is important for modelling smoke transport and resulting effects on air quality. This study presents analyses of ceilometer measurements of smoke plume heights for twenty prescribed burns in the south-eastern United States. Measurements were conducted from mid…
Person:
Year: 2013
Type: Document
Source: FRAMES, TTRS
Topic(s): Emissions and Smoke, Models, Prescribed Fire
Region(s): Southern
Keywords: fire frequency, fire size, smoke behavior, air quality, military lands, national forests, particulates, statistical analysis, Pinus palustris, longleaf pine, north Florida, Georgia, fire management, smoke management, coastal plain, pine hardwood forests, sandhills, wildlife refuges, ceilometer measurement, particulate matter (PM) concentrations, smoke plume height
Among the key issues in smoke management is predicting the magnitude and location of smoke effects. These vary in severity from hazardous (acute health conditions and drastic visibility impairment to transportation) to nuisance (regional haze), and occur across a range of scales…
Person:
Year: 2013
Type: Document
Source: FRAMES, TTRS
Topic(s): Emissions and Smoke, Models
Region(s): Alaska, California, Eastern, Great Basin, Hawaii, Northern Rockies, Northwest, Rocky Mountain, Southern, Southwest, International, National
Keywords: smoke effects, wildfires, air quality, particulates, pollution, Canada, Mississippi, Tennessee, fire management, smoke management, air-quality impacts, forest fires, atmospheric transport, lower stratosphere, stochastic models, plume rise, simulation, system, dispersion, smoke modeling, smoke transport, smoke prediction systems
The purpose of this work is to propose new indices for the spatial validation of hazardous plumes forecast, and apply and test them with data of a case study. One, the Plume-Overlap-Area Hit index, is a modification of a widely used index that considers the overlap area between…
Person:
Year: 2013
Type: Document
Source: TTRS
Topic(s): Emissions and Smoke, Fire Occurrence, Intelligence, Models
Region(s): International
Keywords: grass fires, rangeland fires, wildfires, remote sensing, Argentina, South America, fire management, range management, smoke management, grasslands, plume forecast, dispersion model, validation index, case study
Background: A study of the impacts on respiratory health of the 2007 wildland fires in and around San Diego County, California is presented. This study helps to address the impact of fire emissions on human health by modeling the exposure potential of proximate populations to…
Person:
Year: 2013
Type: Document
Source: TTRS
Topic(s): Emissions and Smoke, Fire Occurrence, Models, Safety, Wildland-Urban Interface (WUI)
Region(s): California
Keywords: catastrophic fires, fire case histories, wildfires, air quality, Foehn winds, health factors, southern California, fire management, forest management, smoke management, wildland fire, particulate matter emissions, syndromic surveillance, generalized additive modeling, air quality, respiratory health, San Diego County
Smoke dispersion modelling based on the Fire Emission Production Simulator and the Hybrid Single Particle Lagrangian Integrated Trajectory (FEPS-HYSPLIT) model was applied to prescribed burns in the Lake Tahoe Basin (LTB) during fall 2011. This, in conjunction with measurements…
Person:
Year: 2013
Type: Document
Source: TTRS
Topic(s): Emissions and Smoke, Fire Ecology, Models, Prescribed Fire
Region(s): California, Great Basin
Keywords: combustion, biomass burning, smoke effects, air quality, pollution, Nevada, fire management, forest management, smoke management, smoke forecast, biomass burning, emission model, PM2.5 emission factor, WRF, IMPROVE network
Atmospheric organic aerosol concentrations depend in part on the gas-particle partitioning of primary organic aerosol (POA) emissions. Consequently, heating and dilution were used to investigate the volatility of biomass-burning smoke particles from combustion of common North…
Person:
Year: 2013
Type: Document
Source: FRAMES
Topic(s): Emissions and Smoke, Models
Region(s): Northern Rockies
Keywords: biomass burning, organic aerosols, gas-particle partitioning, volatility distributions
Smoke from wildfires has adverse biological and social consequences, and various lines of evidence suggest that smoke concentrations in the future may be more intense, more frequent, more widespread, or all of the above. In this document, we review the essential ingredients of a…
Person:
Year: 2013
Type: Document
Source: FRAMES
Topic(s): Climate, Emissions and Smoke, Fire Behavior, Fire Effects, Models
Region(s): Alaska, California, Eastern, Great Basin, Hawaii, Northern Rockies, Northwest, Rocky Mountain, Southern, Southwest, International, National
Keywords: climate change, smoke transport, smoke prediction systems, wildfire regime, feedbacks, coupled models
Satellite based fire radiant energy retrievals are widely applied to assess biomass consumed and emissions at regional to global scales. A known potential source of uncertainty in biomass burning estimates arises from fuel moisture but this impact has not been quantified in…
Person:
Year: 2013
Type: Document
Source: FRAMES
Topic(s): Emissions and Smoke, Fire Behavior, Fuels, Mapping, Models
Region(s): Alaska, California, Eastern, Great Basin, Hawaii, Northern Rockies, Northwest, Rocky Mountain, Southern, Southwest, National
Keywords: fuel moisture, remote sensing, biomass burning, FRE - Fire Radiative Energy, FRP - Fire Radiative Power
The Fire Modeling Institute (FMI) brings the best available fire and fuel science and technology developed throughout the research community to bear in fire-related management issues. Although located within the Fire, Fuel, and Smoke Science Program of the U.S. Forest Service…
Person:
Year: 2013
Type: Document
Source: FRAMES
Topic(s): Emissions and Smoke, Fire Behavior, Fuels, Mapping, Models, Monitoring and Inventory
Region(s): Alaska, California, Eastern, Great Basin, Hawaii, Northern Rockies, Northwest, Rocky Mountain, Southern, Southwest, National
Keywords: MPB - mountain pine beetle, smoke science research, Fire Modeling Institute
On 28 September 2009, the Naches Ranger District on the Okanogan-Wenatchee National Forest in south-central Washington State ignited an 800-ha prescribed fire. Later that afternoon, elevated PM2.5 concentrations and visible smoke were reported in Yakima, Washington, about 40 km…
Person:
Year: 2013
Type: Document
Source: FRAMES
Topic(s): Emissions and Smoke, Models, Prescribed Fire, Weather
Region(s): Northwest
Keywords: fire weather, Okanogan-Wenatchee National Forest, decision support, smoke dispersion, smoke modeling, Washington, BlueSky Modeling Framework, Weather Research and Forecasting model
Existing studies on the economic impact of wildfire smoke have focused on single fire events or entire seasons without considering the marginal effect of daily fire progression on downwind communities. In addition, neither approach allows for an examination of the impact of even…
Person:
Year: 2013
Type: Document
Source: FRAMES
Topic(s): Emissions and Smoke, Fire Occurrence, Models, Safety
Region(s): Great Basin
Keywords: air quality, wildfires, respiratory illness, distributed lag models, count data models
SEILAF is a system designed for training, simulation and research in the fight again forest fires in a 3D world of a great virtual realism. A consortium of technological centers CITIC and CATEC, enterprises such as INDRA and FASSA, and the University of Cordoba have taken part…
Person:
Year: 2013
Type: Document
Source: FRAMES
Topic(s): Emissions and Smoke, Fire Prevention, Models, Planning
Region(s): International
Keywords: fire simulation, training, Spain, virtual training, SEILAF, smoke simulation
Smoke management is one of the most important considerations in all fire prescriptions. In many situations it is the first planning step-the rest of the prescription is built around smoke dispersal in a specific direction. National Weather Service forecasts provide a key source…
Person:
Year: 2013
Type: Document
Source: FRAMES
Topic(s): Emissions and Smoke, Models, Planning, Prescribed Fire
Region(s): Southern
Keywords: FEPS - Fire Emissions Production Simulator, HYSPLIT-CheM forecast model, smoke management, VSMOKE, Simple Smoke Screening model
Fuel consumption specifies the amount of vegetative biomass consumed during wildland fire. It is a two-stage process of pyrolysis and combustion that occurs simultaneously and at different rates depending on the characteristics and condition of the fuel, weather, topography, and…
Person:
Year: 2013
Type: Document
Source: FRAMES
Topic(s): Climate, Emissions and Smoke, Fuels, Models
Region(s): Alaska, California, Eastern, Great Basin, Hawaii, Northern Rockies, Northwest, Rocky Mountain, Southern, Southwest, National
Keywords: carbon emissions, FERA - Fire and Environmental Research Applications Team, fuel consumption, wildland fire emissions
Fuel Loading Models (FLMs) and Fuel Characteristic Classification System (FCCSs) fuelbeds are used throughout wildland fire science and management to simplify fuel inputs into fire behavior and effects models, but they have yet to be thoroughly evaluated with field data. In this…
Person:
Year: 2013
Type: Document
Source: FRAMES, TTRS
Topic(s): Emissions and Smoke, Fire Effects, Fuels, Mapping, Models
Region(s): California, Great Basin, Northern Rockies, Northwest, Rocky Mountain, Southwest
Keywords: FIA - Forest Inventory and Analysis, FCCS - Fuel Characteristic Classification System, fuel loading, LANDFIRE, FERA - Fire and Environmental Research Applications Team, surface fuels, fuel type characteristics, dead fuels, fuel models, fuel types, wildfires, woody fuels, duff, litter, soil temperature, fire management, fuel management
First order fire effects are those that concern the direct or indirect or immediate consequences of fire. First order fire effects form an important basis for prediction secondary effects such as tree regeneration plant succession, and changes in site productivity, but these…
Person:
Year: 2013
Type: Document
Source: FRAMES
Topic(s): Emissions and Smoke, Fire Effects, Fuels, Models
Region(s): Alaska, California, Eastern, Great Basin, Hawaii, Northern Rockies, Northwest, Rocky Mountain, Southern, Southwest, National
Keywords: FOFEM - First Order Fire Effects Model, duff, moisture regimes, soil heating, fuel consumption, tree mortality
Modeling fire effects, including terrestrial and atmospheric carbon fluxes and pollutant emissions during wildland fires, requires accurate predictions of fuel consumption. Empirical models were developed for predicting fuel consumption from fuel and environmental measurements…
Person:
Year: 2013
Type: Document
Source: FRAMES, TTRS
Topic(s): Emissions and Smoke, Fire Behavior, Fire Effects, Fuels, Models, Prescribed Fire, Weather
Region(s): Southern
Keywords: fuel loading, gallberry, longleaf pine, Pinus palustris, saw palmetto, FERA - Fire and Environmental Research Applications Team, shrubs, pine flatwoods, fuel consumption, fire size, fuel moisture, wildfires, air quality, duff, herbaceous vegetation, litter, national forests, statistical analysis, SFP - Southern Fire Portal, Aristida stricta, wiregrass, Ilex glabra, Picoides borealis, red-cockaded woodpeckers, Pinus elliottii, slash pine, Pinus serotina, pond pine, Quercus chapmanii, Chapman oak, Quercus minima, dwarf live oak, Serenoa repens, Apalachicola National Forest, St. Marks National Wildlife Refuge, Florida, Georgia, flatwoods, fire management, forest management, fuel management, pine forests
Open biomass burning (excluding biofuels) is an important contributor to air pollution in the Asian region. Estimation of emissions from fires, however, has been problematic, primarily because of uncertainty in the size and location of sources and in their temporal and spatial…
Person:
Year: 2013
Type: Document
Source: FRAMES
Topic(s): Emissions and Smoke, Fuels, Models
Region(s): International
Keywords: CONSUME, FCCS - Fuel Characteristic Classification System, Asia, FERA - Fire and Environmental Research Applications Team, MODIS - Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer, BlueSky Modeling Framework, open biomass burning, atmospheric emissions
Fuel consumption predictions are necessary to accurately estimate or model fire effects, including pollutant emissions during wildland fires. Fuel and environmental measurements on a series of operational prescribed fires were used to develop empirical models for predicting fuel…
Person:
Year: 2013
Type: Document
Source: FRAMES
Topic(s): Emissions and Smoke, Fire Effects, Fuels, Models, Prescribed Fire
Region(s): California, Great Basin, Northern Rockies, Northwest, Rocky Mountain
Keywords: Artemisia tridentata, big sagebrush, area burned, shrubs, burn season, fuel consumption
Fire disturbance is a primary driver of forest dynamics across the circumpolar boreal region, although there are major differences in continental fire regimes. Relatively infrequent, high intensity crown fires dominate North American boreal forests, and low to moderate intensity…
Person:
Year: 2013
Type: Document
Source: FRAMES, TTRS
Topic(s): Climate, Emissions and Smoke, Fire Behavior, Fire Ecology, Models, Weather
Region(s): Alaska, International
Keywords: boreal forest, Canada, fire regimes, carbon emissions, Russia, global climate models, fire intensity, fire size, surface fires, wildfires, air quality, C - carbon, climate change, disturbance, fire management, forest management, coniferous forests
Boreal forest dynamics are largely driven by disturbance, and fire is a prevalent force of change across the boreal circumpolar region. North American and Eurasian boreal fire regimes are known to be very different but there are few quantitative comparison studies. Russian and…
Person:
Year: 2013
Type: Document
Source: FRAMES, TTRS
Topic(s): Emissions and Smoke, Fire Behavior, Fire Ecology, Fire Effects, Fuels, Models, Weather
Region(s): International
Keywords: boreal forest, Canada, fire regimes, carbon emissions, Russia, fire danger rating, fire intensity, fuel loading, fuel types, rate of spread, wildfires, air quality, C - carbon, fire management, forest management
The ability to predict forest fuel consumption is critical, namely in the frame of hazard-reduction burning treatments designed to achieve effective fuel reduction with minimal environmental impact. Litter and understory fine fuels (diameter <0.6 cm) consumption by fire were…
Person:
Year: 2013
Type: Document
Source: FRAMES, TTRS
Topic(s): Emissions and Smoke, Fire Behavior, Fuels, Models, Prescribed Fire
Region(s): International
Keywords: fuel moisture, CO2 - carbon dioxide, Portugal, fire danger rating, fuel consumption, Mediterranean pine forest, experimental fire, fine fuels, fire hazard reduction, fuel loading, surface fires, air quality, litter, understory vegetation, Pinus pinaster, fire management, maritime pine, forest management, fuel management, Mediterranean habitats, pine forests