Type
Topic
Region
Year
Displaying 176 - 200 of 200
We modeled the African terrestrial carbon balance over the past century using a spatially resolved process based vegetation model (ORCHIDEE). The model is forced by changing climate and by human-induced changes in land use. It includes a simple parameterization of natural fires…
Person:
Year: 2009
Type: Document
Source: TTRS
Topic(s): Climate, Emissions and Smoke, Models, Restoration and Rehabilitation
Region(s): International
Keywords: Africa, air quality, C - carbon, croplands, deforestation, ENSO, fertilization, forest management, land use, photosynthesis, precipitation, savannas, tropical forests, wildfires
The boreal forest contains large reserves of carbon. Across this region, wildfires influence the temporal and spatial dynamics of carbon storage. In this study, we estimate fire emissions and changes in carbon storage for boreal North America over the 21st century. We use a…
Person:
Year: 2009
Type: Document
Source: TTRS
Topic(s): Climate, Emissions and Smoke, Fire Behavior, Fire Ecology, Fire Effects, Fuels, Models
Region(s): Alaska, Great Basin, Northwest, International
Keywords: age classes, air quality, boreal forests, Canada, C - carbon, carbon dioxide, disturbance, ecosystem dynamics, fertilization, fire intensity, fire management, fire regimes, fire size, fire suppression, forest management, fuel moisture, moisture, soil nutrients, statistical analysis, suppression, wildfires, boreal carbon dynamics, climate change
Wildland fire is a global phenomenon, and a result of interactions between climate-weather, fuels and people. Our climate is changing rapidly primarily through the release of greenhouse gases that may have profound and possibly unexpected impacts on global fire activity. The…
Person:
Year: 2009
Type: Document
Source: TTRS
Topic(s): Climate, Emissions and Smoke, Fire Behavior, Fire Ecology, Fire Effects, Fire Occurrence, Fuels, Mapping, Models, Social Science, Weather
Region(s): Alaska, California, Eastern, Great Basin, Hawaii, Northern Rockies, Northwest, Rocky Mountain, Southern, Southwest, International, National
Keywords: air quality, Australia, boreal forests, Canada, C - carbon, disturbance, Europe, fire frequency, fire intensity, fire management, fire regimes, fire size, forest management, fuel moisture, fuel types, gases, greenhouse gases, lightning, remote sensing, season of fire, South America, wildfires, area burned, C - carbon, fire activity, forest fire, intensity, management, review, season, severity
Boreal peatland ecosystems occupy about 3.5 million km2 of the earth's land surface and store between 250 and 455 Pg of carbon (C) as peat. While northern hemisphere boreal peatlands have functioned as net sinks for atmospheric C since the most recent deglaciation, natural and…
Person:
Year: 2009
Type: Document
Source: TTRS
Topic(s): Aquatic, Climate, Emissions and Smoke, Fire Behavior, Fire Ecology, Fire Effects, Fire Occurrence, Fuels
Region(s): Alaska, California, Eastern, Great Basin, Hawaii, Northern Rockies, Northwest, Rocky Mountain, Southern, Southwest, International, National
Keywords: age classes, air temperature, Alberta, bark, biomass, black spruce, bogs, boreal forests, Canada, C - carbon, cover, disturbance, ecosystem dynamics, fire frequency, fire management, forest management, fuel accumulation, lakes, CH4 - methane, mosses, needles, nutrient cycling, peat, peatlands, Picea mariana, post fire recovery, roots, size classes, sphagnum, statistical analysis, succession, temperature, understory vegetation, vegetation surveys, watershed management, wildfires, black spruce, bog, boreal, Canada, carbon cycling, climate change, peatland, roots, sphagnum
To characterize the impact of the October 2007 wildfires on the air quality of Los Angeles, integrated ambient particulate matter (PM) samples were collected near the University of Southern California between October 24 and November 14, 2007. Samples were analyzed for different…
Person:
Year: 2009
Type: Document
Source: TTRS
Topic(s): Fire Ecology, Emissions and Smoke
Region(s): California, Great Basin
Keywords: air quality, biomass, biomass burning, C - carbon, combustion, fire management, Foehn winds, gases, hydrocarbons, Mediterranean habitats, O - oxygen, particulates, pollution, K - potassium, smoke management, southern California, wildfires
Tropical deforestation contributes to the build-up of atmospheric carbon dioxide in the atmosphere. Within the deforestation process, fire is frequently used to eliminate biomass in preparation for agricultural use. Quantifying these deforestation-induced fire emissions…
Person:
Year: 2009
Type: Document
Source: TTRS
Topic(s): Communications, Emissions and Smoke, Fire Behavior, Fuels, Intelligence, Mapping, Models, Monitoring and Inventory, Restoration and Rehabilitation
Region(s): International
Keywords: agriculture, air quality, Amazon, biogeochemical cycles, biomass, biomass burning, Brazil, C - carbon, carbon dioxide, cerrado, combustion, cover, cropland fires, croplands, deforestation, fire management, forest management, fuel loading, fuel management, grasslands, heavy fuels, herbaceous vegetation, land use, leaves, litter, precipitation, radiation, remote sensing, roots, soil nutrients, South America, surface fuels, temperature, tropical forests, vegetation surveys, woody plants
Bushfire fighting is a hazardous occupation and control strategies are generally in place to minimize the hazards. However, little is known regarding firefighters' exposure to bushfire smoke, which is a complex mixture of toxic gases and particles. In Australia, during the…
Person:
Year: 2009
Type: Document
Source: TTRS
Topic(s): Emissions and Smoke, Fire Behavior, Fire Ecology, Fire History, Fuels, Prescribed Fire, Wildland-Urban Interface (WUI)
Region(s): International
Keywords: air quality, Australia, C - carbon, CO - carbon monoxide, chemical compounds, cover, fire management, fire size, fire suppression, firefighting personnel, fuel moisture, gases, health factors, hydrocarbons, ignition, Northern Territory of Australia, particulates, pollution, season of fire, smoke management, southern Australia, spot fires, statistical analysis, suppression, Tasmania, topography, toxicity, vegetation surveys, Victoria, wildfires, bushfire, respirable particles, respiratory irritants, personal exposure, health
We developed a technique for studying seasonal and interannual variation in pyrogenic carbon emissions from Africa using a modelling approach that scales burned area estimates from L3JRC, a map recently generated from remote sensing of burn scars instead of active fires. Carbon…
Person:
Year: 2009
Type: Document
Source: TTRS
Topic(s): Communications, Emissions and Smoke, Fire Behavior, Fuels, Intelligence, Mapping, Monitoring and Inventory
Region(s): International
Keywords: Africa, air quality, biomass, C - carbon, carbon dioxide, deciduous forests, fire intensity, fire management, fire size, forest management, litter, photosynthesis, precipitation, remote sensing, savannas, wildfires
Gaseous and particulate emissions from vegetation fires substantially modify the atmospheric chemical composition, degrade air quality and can alter weather and climate. The impact of vegetation fire emissions on air pollution and climate has been recognised in the late 1970s.…
Person:
Year: 2009
Type: Document
Source: TTRS
Topic(s): Climate, Emissions and Smoke, Fire Behavior, Fuels, Prescribed Fire
Region(s): Alaska, California, Eastern, Great Basin, Hawaii, Northern Rockies, Northwest, Rocky Mountain, Southern, Southwest, National
Keywords: aerosols, air quality, C - carbon, combustion, fire management, forest management, fuel loading, particulates, peat, pollution, post fire recovery, season of fire, surface fires, vegetation surveys, wildfires, vegetation fires, peat burning, emission inventories, air pollution, climate impact
Bushfire smoke contains an array of organic and inorganic compounds, including respirable and inspirable particles, aldehydes, and carbon monoxide. These compounds have been found to be a health hazard for firefighters in the United States. Despite the high frequency of…
Person:
Year: 2009
Type: Document
Source: TTRS
Topic(s): Emissions and Smoke, Fire Behavior, Fire Ecology, Prescribed Fire
Region(s): International
Keywords: air quality, Australia, C - carbon, CO - carbon monoxide, fire danger rating, fire frequency, fire intensity, fire management, firefighting personnel, health factors, low intensity burns, particulates, rate of spread, sampling, smoke effects, smoke management, toxicity, vegetation surveys, western Australia, wildfires
Particulate matter (PM) emitted from biomass burning and wildfire has been an air quality concern in affected areas such as dense population centers. Because of regulatory requirements, airborne particles smaller than 2.5 µm (PM2.5) are of special concern. Controversy has arisen…
Person:
Year: 2009
Type: Document
Source: TTRS
Topic(s): Emissions and Smoke, Fire Effects, Hazard and Risk, Prescribed Fire
Region(s): Southern
Keywords: biomass burning, experimental fires, fire hazard reduction, wildfires, air quality, C - carbon, N - nitrogen, particulates, S - sulfur, Pinus taeda, loblolly pine, Okefenokee Swamp, Florida, Georgia, fire management, smoke management, watershed management, swamps, wetlands, biomass burning, chemical signature, PM2.5, wildfire
The objective of this study was to improve the ability to model the air quality impacts of biomass burning on the surrounding environment. The focus is on prescribed burning emissions from a military reservation, Fort Benning in Georgia, and their impact on local and regional…
Person:
Year: 2009
Type: Document
Source: TTRS
Topic(s): Emissions and Smoke, Fire Behavior, Fire Ecology, Fire Effects, Models, Prescribed Fire, Restoration and Rehabilitation
Region(s): Southern
Keywords: adaptation, air quality, biomass, biomass burning, cavity nesting birds, competition, coniferous forests, fire dependent species, fire management, fire regimes, fire size, firebreaks, forest management, Georgia, hydrocarbons, military lands, N - nitrogen, ozone, Picoides borealis, Pinus palustris, pollution, smoke management, statistical analysis, threatened and endangered species (animals), wildlife habitat management, air pollution, air quality modeling, adaptive grid, direct sensitivity
Shrubland communities dominated by manuka (Leptospermum scoparium J. Forst. and G. Forst.) and kanuka (Kunzea ericoides var. ericoides ((A. Rich) J. Thompson) are widespread throughout New Zealand. They frequently colonise disturbed land surfaces and are important for erosion…
Person:
Year: 2009
Type: Document
Source: TTRS
Topic(s): Emissions and Smoke, Fire Occurrence, Fuels, Prescribed Fire
Region(s): International
Keywords: age classes, ash, C - carbon, carbon dioxide, disturbance, erosion, fire frequency, fire management, Kunzea, leaves, Leptospermum, Leptospermum scoparium, litter, mineral soils, New Zealand, N - nitrogen, nutrient cycling, pH, phosphorus, shrublands, shrubs, size classes, soil management, soil moisture, soil nutrients, soil organic matter, soils, burning, foliar N, P ratio, nitrification, nitrogen availability, phosphorus availability, volcanic ash
In year 2006, 17.9 ha of forest was burned during a forest fire at the Bohemian Switzerland National Park found in northern part of Czech Republic (CR), central Europe. Complete combustion of organic soil (4,039 t) on the burned area caused volatilization of 1.34 ± 0.07 kg of Hg…
Person:
Year: 2009
Type: Document
Source: TTRS
Topic(s): Fire Ecology, Emissions and Smoke
Region(s): International
Keywords: air quality, C - carbon, combustion, Czech Republic, distribution, Europe, fire management, fire size, litter, Hg - mercury, national parks, N - nitrogen, organic soils, pH, soil management, soil organic matter, S - sulfur, Switzerland, volatilization, wildfires, Hg distribution in soil, natural Hg emissions, Hg soil pools, Czech Republic
In July 2000, six plots of Mediterranean maquis in the Castel Volturno Nature Reserve were burnt at two intensity levels to examine the effects of fire intensities on chemical and biological soil components and their relationships with ecophysiological processes of Phillyrea…
Person:
Year: 2009
Type: Document
Source: FRAMES, TTRS
Topic(s): Emissions and Smoke, Fire Behavior, Fire Ecology, Fire Effects, Fuels
Region(s): International
Keywords: fire intensity, photosynthesis, resilience, soil fungi, soil nutrients, mycorrhizae, Italy, stomatal conductance, Phillyrea angustifolia, Angustifolium, C - carbon, cover, disturbance, ecosystem dynamics, Europe, experimental fire, fire intensity, fire management, fungi, gases, H2 - hydrogen, magnesium, Mediterranean habitats, mycorrhiza, N - nitrogen, nutrient cycling, nutrients, Phillyrea angustifolia, P - phosphorus, plant growth, Quercus ilex, resprouting, soil management, soil moisture, soil organic matter, water
To characterize the impact of the October 2007 wildfires on the air quality of Los Angeles, integrated ambient particulate matter (PM) samples were collected near the University of Southern California between October 24 and November 14, 2007. Samples were analyzed for different…
Person:
Year: 2009
Type: Document
Source: FRAMES
Topic(s): Emissions and Smoke, Fire Effects
Region(s): California
Keywords: air quality, biomass burning, C - carbon, combustion, fire management, Foehn winds, gases, hydrocarbons, Mediterranean habitats, O - oxygen, particulates, PM - particulate matter, pollution, K - potassium, smoke management, wildfires, organic carbon
Wildfires have major effects on forest dynamics, succession and the carbon cycle in the boreal biome. They are a significant source of carbon emissions, and current observed changes in wildfire regimes due to changes in climate could affect the balance of the boreal carbon pool…
Person:
Year: 2009
Type: Document
Source: FRAMES, TTRS
Topic(s): Emissions and Smoke, Fire Behavior, Fire Ecology, Fire Effects, Fire Occurrence
Region(s): International
Keywords: boreal forest, NDVI - Normalized Difference Vegetation Index, regeneration, remote sensing, MODIS - Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer, post-fire recovery, Siberia, wildfire, age classes, air quality, Asia, C - carbon, coniferous forests, cover, deciduous forests, disturbance, evergreens, fire adaptations, fire frequency, fire management, fire size, forest management, leaves, moisture, Russia, statistical analysis, succession, vegetation surveys
This study quantifies the short-term effects of low-, moderate-, and high-severity fire on carbon pools and fluxes in the Eastern Cascades of Oregon. We surveyed 64 forest stands across four fires that burned 41,000 ha (35%) of the Metolius Watershed in 2002 and 2003,…
Person:
Year: 2009
Type: Document
Source: FRAMES, TTRS
Topic(s): Climate, Emissions and Smoke, Fire Behavior, Fire Ecology, Fire Effects, Fire Occurrence
Region(s): Northwest
Keywords: carbon balance, disturbance, Pinus ponderosa, ponderosa pine, heterotrophic respiration, mixed severity fire regimes, NEP - Net Ecosystem Productivity, Oregon, NPP - net primary production, Cascade Range, Abies grandis, Arctostaphylos patula, biomass, Calamagrostis rubescens, Calocedrus decurrens, C - carbon, Ceanothus velutinus, combustion, coniferous forests, decomposition, ecosystem dynamics, Elymus elymoides, Epilobium angustifolium, Festuca idahoensis, fire frequency, fire intensity, fire management, fire regimes, fire size, forest management, Larix occidentalis, lightning caused fires, mortality, overstory, Pinus, Pinus contorta, population density, Pteridium aquilinum, Purshia tridentata, sloping terrain, stand characteristics, Vicia americana, watersheds, wildfires, wood
Two forest management objectives being debated in the context of federally managed landscapes in the U.S. Pacific Northwest involve a perceived trade-off between fire restoration and carbon sequestration. The former strategy would reduce fuel (and therefore C) that has…
Person:
Year: 2009
Type: Document
Source: FRAMES, TTRS
Topic(s): Emissions and Smoke, Fire Behavior, Fire Ecology, Fire Occurrence, Fire Prevention, Fuels, Models, Prescribed Fire, Restoration and Rehabilitation, Weather
Region(s): Northwest
Keywords: Douglas-fir, fuel reduction treatments, Pinus ponderosa, ponderosa pine, Pseudotsuga menziesii, carbon sequestration, Picea sitchensis, Sitka spruce, biofuel, STANDCARB, biomass, C - carbon, carbon dioxide, Cascade Range, coniferous forests, ecosystem dynamics, fine fuels, fire exclusion, fire frequency, fire hazard reduction, fire intensity, fire management, fire suppression, flammability, forest management, fuel accumulation, fuel management, logging, Oregon, Picea, Picea sitchensis, pine, pine forests, Pinus, precipitation, Pseudotsuga spp., salvage, soil permeability, statistical analysis, suppression, thinning, Tsuga heterophylla, understory vegetation, vegetation surveys, wildfires, wood
We calculate greenhouse-gas emissions from land-use change in Mato Grosso and Rondônia, two states that are responsible for more than half of the deforestation in Brazilian Amazonia. In addition to deforestation (clearing of forest), we also estimate clearing rates and emissions…
Person:
Year: 2009
Type: Document
Source: FRAMES, TTRS
Topic(s): Climate, Emissions and Smoke, Fire Effects, Prescribed Fire, Restoration and Rehabilitation
Region(s): International
Keywords: C - carbon, biomass, deforestation, global warming, greenhouse gas emissions, land use change, savannas, tropical forest, Amazon, Brazil, rainforest, agriculture, cerrado, combustion, cover, decay, diameter classes, fire management, forest management, climate change, greenhouse gases, land use, livestock, logging, mosaic, rainforests, soil nutrients, tropical forest, vegetation surveys
Estimates of greenhouse-gas emissions from deforestation are highly uncertain because of high variability in key parameters and because of the limited number of studies providing field measurements of these parameters. One such parameter is burning efficiency, which determines…
Person:
Year: 2009
Type: Document
Source: FRAMES, TTRS
Topic(s): Emissions and Smoke, Fuels
Region(s): International
Keywords: C - carbon, charcoal, biomass, deforestation, global warming, greenhouse gas emissions, Amazon, Brazil, burning efficiency, rainforest, biomass burning, cutting, decay, deciduous forests, diameter classes, fire management, forest management, forest types, fuel management, climate change, humidity, leaves, litter, logging, population density, sampling, tropical forest, vines
In many forest types, over half of the total stand biomass is located in the forest floor. Carbon emissions during wildland fire are directly related to biomass (fuel) consumption. Consumption of forest floor fuel varies widely and is the greatest source of uncertainty in…
Person:
Year: 2009
Type: Document
Source: FRAMES, TTRS
Topic(s): Emissions and Smoke, Fire Prevention, Fuels, Models
Region(s): Alaska, International
Keywords: boreal forest, Canada, forest floor, biomass consumption, carbon emissions, fuel consumption, air quality, Betula papyrifera, biomass, C - carbon, coniferous forests, drought, duff, experimental fire, fire hazard reduction, fire management, forest management, forest types, fuel loading, fuel management, fuel moisture, fuel types, Picea glauca, Pinus banksiana, Populus tremuloides, statistical analysis, understory vegetation, wildfires
Wildland fire is a global phenomenon, and a result of interactions between climate-weather, fuels and people. Our climate is changing rapidly primarily through the release of greenhouse gases that may have profound and possibly unexpected impacts on global fire activity. The…
Person:
Year: 2009
Type: Document
Source: FRAMES
Topic(s): Climate, Emissions and Smoke, Fire Occurrence, Models, Weather
Region(s): Alaska, California, Eastern, Great Basin, Hawaii, Northern Rockies, Northwest, Rocky Mountain, Southern, Southwest, National
Keywords: C - carbon, forest fire, management, area burned, fire activity, intensity, severity, review, season
The Fire and Environmental Research Applications Team (FERA) of the Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Research Station, is an interdisciplinary team of scientists that conduct primary research on wildland fire and provide decision support for fire hazard and smoke management.…
Person:
Year: 2009
Type: Document
Source: FRAMES, TTRS
Topic(s): Emissions and Smoke, Fire Behavior, Fuels, Hazard and Risk, Models, Planning
Region(s): Alaska, California, Eastern, Great Basin, Hawaii, Northern Rockies, Northwest, Rocky Mountain, Southern, Southwest, National
Keywords: FEPS - Fire Emissions Production Simulator, FCCS - Fuel Characteristic Classification System, Natural Fuels Photo Series, Consume 3.0, FERA - Fire and Environmental Research Applications Team, Digital Photo Series, fire management, air quality, C - carbon, fire hazard reduction, fire size, fuel management, fuel types, photography, population density, smoke management, surface fires, vegetation surveys, wildfires
Fire is a worldwide phenomenon that appears in the geological record soon after the appearance of terrestrial plants. Fire influences global ecosystem patterns and processes, including vegetation distribution and structure, the carbon cycle, and climate. Although humans and fire…
Person:
Year: 2009
Type: Document
Source: FRAMES, TTRS
Topic(s): Climate, Economics, Emissions and Smoke, Fire Behavior, Fire Ecology, Fire Effects, Fire History, Fire Prevention, Fuels, Restoration and Rehabilitation
Region(s): Alaska, California, Eastern, Great Basin, Hawaii, Northern Rockies, Northwest, Rocky Mountain, Southern, Southwest, International, National
Keywords: fire management, fire regimes, carbon cycle, climate change, ecosystem processes, vegetation distribution, vegetation structure, aerosols, agriculture, biomass burning, C - carbon, CO2 - carbon dioxide, climatology, combustion, crown fires, deforestation, ENSO - El Nino Southern Oscillation, distribution, fine fuels, fire control, fire protection, fire resistant plants, fire size, grazing, human caused fires, ignition, invasive species, O - oxygen, plant communities, soil leaching, surface fires, vegetation surveys, volatilization, wildfires