Type
Topic
Region
Year
Displaying 176 - 200 of 201
Roger Ottmar has a long and distinguished career studying smoke and effects on firefighter and public health. He presented this talk on the public health impacts of smoke at the RX410 Smoke Management Techniques class March 25-29, 2013, Fairbanks, Alaska. This introductory (…
Person: Ottmar
Year: 2013
Type: Media
Source: FRAMES
Topic(s): Emissions and Smoke, Safety, Social Science
Region(s): Alaska, California, Eastern, Great Basin, Hawaii, Northern Rockies, Northwest, Rocky Mountain, Southern, Southwest, National
Keywords: air quality, public opinion, air pollution, PM - particulate matter, smoke management, CO - carbon monoxide, pollutants, public health, health impacts, asthma
Roger Ottmar has a long and distinguished career studying smoke and effects on firefighter and public health. He presented this talk on the public health impacts of smoke at the RX410 Smoke Management Techniques class March 25-29, 2013, Fairbanks, Alaska. This introductory (…
Person: Ottmar
Year: 2013
Type: Media
Source: FRAMES
Topic(s): Emissions and Smoke, Regulations and Legislation, Safety
Region(s): Alaska, California, Eastern, Great Basin, Hawaii, Northern Rockies, Northwest, Rocky Mountain, Southern, Southwest, National
Keywords: Clean Air Act, liability, NO - nitrogen oxide, ozone, PM - particulate matter, visibility, CO - carbon monoxide, pollutants, health risk, lead, SO2 - sulfur dioxide
This data product consists of measurements of smoke plume rise, emissions, and dispersion in and around eight wildfires in the western United States and prescribed fires in California, Idaho, and North Carolina. Eleven wildland fires were investigated between August 2009 and…
Person:
Year: 2013
Type: Data
Source: FRAMES
Topic(s): Emissions and Smoke, Fire Effects, Models, Prescribed Fire
Region(s): California, Great Basin, Northern Rockies, Northwest, Rocky Mountain, Southern, Southwest
Keywords: air quality, LiDAR - Light Detection and Ranging, smoke plumes, smoke transport
CONSUME [1.0] is a user-friendly computer program designed for resource managers with some working knowledge of IBM-PC applications. The software predicts the amount of fuel consumption on logged units based on weather data, the amount and fuel moisture of fuels, and a number…
Person:
Year: 1992
Type: Document
Source: FRAMES
Topic(s): Emissions and Smoke, Fire Behavior, Fire Ecology, Fire Effects, Fuels, Models, Monitoring and Inventory, Planning, Prescribed Fire, Weather
Region(s): Northwest
Keywords: duff consumption, fuel moisture, piled fuels, prescribed burning, woody fuel consumption, Consume 1.0, CONSUME
Temperate peatlands represent a substantial store of carbon and their degradation is a potentially significant positive feedback to climate change. The ignition of peat deposits can cause smouldering wildfires that have the potential to release substantial amounts of carbon and…
Person:
Year: 2013
Type: Document
Source: TTRS
Topic(s): Emissions and Smoke, Fire Effects, Fuels, Hazard and Risk, Weather
Region(s): International
Keywords: fire danger rating, fire hazard reduction, fire intensity, peat fires, wildfires, C - carbon, national parks, peat, Scotland, United Kingdom, Europe, fire management, forest management, peatlands, FWI - Canadian Forest Fire Weather Index System, carbon emissions, depth of burn, fire danger, fire severity, fuel consumption
Gaseous and particulate species from two prescribed fires were sampled in-situ, to better characterize prescribed burn emissions. Measurements included gaseous and fine particulate matter (PM2.5) species, particle number concentration, particulate organic carbon (POC) speciation…
Person:
Year: 2013
Type: Document
Source: TTRS
Topic(s): Emissions and Smoke, Fuels, Prescribed Fire
Region(s): Southern
Keywords: biomass burning, fuel accumulation, air quality, C - carbon, carbon dioxide, CO - carbon monoxide, gases, CH4 - methane, particulates, K - potassium, Jones Ecological Research Center, Georgia, fire management, biomass burning, PM2.5, gas, tracers, source apportionment
Frequent wildfires emit large amounts of black carbon (BC) into the atmosphere in the semiarid regions of the African continent. This atmospheric BC efficiently absorbs shortwave radiation and thus modifies the climate system on a regional scale. Therefore, it is essential to…
Person:
Year: 2013
Type: Document
Source: TTRS
Topic(s): Climate, Emissions and Smoke, Fire Effects, Intelligence
Region(s): International
Keywords: wildfires, air quality, C - carbon, climate change, remote sensing, vegetation surveys, Africa, fire management, smoke management, black carbon, wildfire, Africa, emission factor, regional variation
We estimate future wildfire activity over the western United States during the mid-21st century (2046-2065), based on results from 15 climate models following the A1B scenario. We develop fire prediction models by regressing meteorological variables from the current and previous…
Person:
Year: 2013
Type: Document
Source: TTRS
Topic(s): Emissions and Smoke, Fire Prevention, Fuels, Hazard and Risk, Models
Region(s): California, Great Basin, Northern Rockies, Northwest, Rocky Mountain
Keywords: fire danger rating, fuel loading, wildfires, aerosols, air quality, C - carbon, statistical analysis, Colorado, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, Oregon, Utah, Washington, Wyoming, fire management, forest management, fuel management, range management, coniferous forests, deserts, savannas, shrublands, wildfire, ensemble projection, fuel load, aerosol concentration
This paper complements the information previously published (Atmospheric Environment 45, 641-649) on gaseous and particulate emissions from wildfires in Portugal for summer 2009, in an attempt at obtaining more extensive, complete and representative databases on emission factors…
Person:
Year: 2013
Type: Document
Source: TTRS
Topic(s): Emissions and Smoke, Fire Occurrence
Region(s): International
Keywords: wildfires, air quality, C - carbon, gases, hydrocarbons, particulates, Portugal, Europe, fire management, smoke management, wildfires, trace gases, emission factors, organic compounds, water-soluble ions, trace elements, Portugal
Sequestration of carbon (C) in forests has the potential to mitigate the effects of climate change by offsetting future emissions of greenhouse gases. However, in dry temperate forests, wildfire is a natural disturbance agent with the potential to release large fluxes of C into…
Person:
Year: 2013
Type: Document
Source: TTRS
Topic(s): Climate, Emissions and Smoke, Fire Effects, Fuels, Hazard and Risk, Prescribed Fire
Region(s): Northern Rockies, Rocky Mountain
Keywords: fire exclusion, fire hazard reduction, fire intensity, ladder fuels, rate of spread, surface fuels, wildfires, air quality, C - carbon, climate change, crowns, decay, population density, thinning, Pinus ponderosa, ponderosa pine, Pseudotsuga menziesii, Douglas-fir, fire management, forest management, fuel management, coniferous forests, C - carbon, wildfire, fuel treatments
Carbon-based forest conservation requires the establishment of 'reference emission levels' against which to measure a country or region's progress in reducing their carbon emissions. In East Africa, landscape-scale estimates of carbon fluxes are uncertain and factors such as…
Person:
Year: 2013
Type: Document
Source: TTRS
Topic(s): Emissions and Smoke, Fire Occurrence
Region(s): International
Keywords: fire regimes, wildfires, air quality, C - carbon, precipitation, Burundi, Congo, Ethiopia, Kenya, Malawi, Mozambique, Rwanda, Somalia, South Sudan, Tanzania, Uganda, Zambia, Africa, fire management, land use, range management, savannas, earth observation products, carbon stocks, carbon trends, fire regimes, MODIS, look-up table, savannah
Because it is an important regulator of terrestrial carbon cycling in North America, extensive research on natural and human disturbances has been carried out as part of the North American Carbon Program and the CarboNA project. A synthesis of various components of this research…
Person:
Year: 2013
Type: Document
Source: TTRS
Topic(s): Emissions and Smoke, Fuels, Weather
Region(s): Alaska, California, Eastern, Great Basin, Hawaii, Northern Rockies, Northwest, Rocky Mountain, Southern, Southwest, International, National
Keywords: fire size, wildfires, air quality, C - carbon, carbon dioxide, elevation, disturbance, insects, mineral soils, nutrient cycling, photosynthesis, plant diseases, soil temperature, soils, woody plants, Canada, fire management, forest management
Four hundred fine particulate matter (PM2.5) samples collected over a 1-year period at two sites in the Los Angeles Basin were analyzed for organic carbon (OC), elemental carbon (EC), water soluble organic carbon (WSOC) and organic molecular markers. The results were used in a…
Person:
Year: 2013
Type: Document
Source: TTRS
Topic(s): Emissions and Smoke, Fire Effects, Fire Occurrence, Models
Region(s): California
Keywords: biomass burning, smoke effects, wildfires, aerosols, air quality, C - carbon, particulates, fire management, smoke management, CMB, LA basin, organic molecular markers, PMF, UNMIX
We describe the fourth generation of the Global Fire Emissions Database (GFED4) burned area data set, which provides global monthly burned area at 0.25º spatial resolution from mid-1995 through the present and daily burned area for the time series extending back to August 2000.…
Person:
Year: 2013
Type: Document
Source: TTRS
Topic(s): Emissions and Smoke, Fire Occurrence
Region(s): International
Keywords: biomass burning, fire frequency, fire size, wildfires, air quality, C - carbon, computer programs, precipitation, statistical analysis, fire management
Biomass burning is one of the largest sources of carbonaceous aerosols in the atmosphere, significantly affecting earth's radiation budget and climate. Tar balls, abundant in biomass burning smoke, absorb sunlight and have highly variable optical properties, typically not…
Person:
Year: 2013
Type: Document
Source: TTRS
Topic(s): Emissions and Smoke
Region(s): Southwest
Keywords: biomass burning, fire case histories, wildfires, aerosols, C - carbon, particulates, soot, New Mexico, fire management
Here we present the chemical characterization of the water-soluble organic carbon fraction of atmospheric aerosol collected during a prescribed fire burn in relation to soil organic matter and biomass combustion. Using nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, we observed that…
Person:
Year: 2013
Type: Document
Source: TTRS
Topic(s): Emissions and Smoke, Fire Effects, Fire Occurrence, Prescribed Fire
Region(s): Great Basin
Keywords: biomass burning, wildfires, aerosols, air quality, C - carbon, dust, particulates, soil organic matter, soil temperature, Artemisia, sagebrush, Juniperus osteosperma, Utah juniper, Pinus monophylla, single-leaf pinyon pine, Nevada, fire management, forest management, soil management, coniferous forests, biomass burning, mineral dust, wildfires, organic carbon, nuclear magnetic resonance, aerosol
Aerial- and ground-sampled emissions from three prescribed forest burns in the southeastern U.S. were compared to emissions from laboratory open burn tests using biomass from the same locations. A comprehensive array of emissions, including PM, black carbon (BC), brown carbon (…
Person:
Year: 2013
Type: Document
Source: TTRS
Topic(s): Emissions and Smoke, Prescribed Fire
Region(s): Southern
Keywords: field experimental fires, laboratory fires, aerosols, air quality, biomass, C - carbon, light, Florida, North Carolina, fire management, forest management, smoke management
A forest carbon (C) offset is a quantifiable unit of C that is commonly developed at the local or regional project scale and is designed to counterbalance anthropogenic C emissions by sequestering C in trees. In cap-and-trade programs, forest offsets have market value if the…
Person:
Year: 2013
Type: Document
Source: TTRS
Topic(s): Climate, Emissions and Smoke, Fire Effects, Fire Occurrence, Prescribed Fire
Region(s): Alaska, California, Eastern, Great Basin, Hawaii, Northern Rockies, Northwest, Rocky Mountain, Southern, Southwest, National
Keywords: fire intensity, fire size, post fire recovery, smoke effects, wildfires, air quality, C - carbon, carbon dioxide, climate change, greenhouse gases, logging, thinning, ecosystem dynamics, fire management, forest management, coniferous forests, hardwood forests
Nitrogen oxides (NOx) are important components of ambient and indoor air pollution and are emitted from a range of combustion sources, including on-road mobile sources, electric power generators, and non-road mobile sources. While anthropogenic sources dominate, NOx is also…
Person:
Year: 2013
Type: Document
Source: TTRS
Topic(s): Emissions and Smoke, Fire Occurrence, Climate
Region(s): Alaska, California, Eastern, Great Basin, Hawaii, Northern Rockies, Northwest, Rocky Mountain, Southern, Southwest, National
Keywords: smoke effects, wildfires, air quality, carbon dioxide, climate change, health factors, humidity, N - nitrogen, ozone, pollen, pollution, precipitation, radiation, temperature, fire management, smoke management, nitrogen oxides, ozone, air pollution, human health
Wildfires generate substantial emissions of nitrogen oxides (NOx) and volatile organic compounds (VOCs). As such, wildfires contribute to elevated ozone (O3) in the atmosphere. However, there is a large amount of variability in the emissions of O3 precursors and the amount of O3…
Person:
Year: 2013
Type: Document
Source: FRAMES, TTRS
Topic(s): Emissions and Smoke, Fire Effects, Models
Region(s): California, Great Basin
Keywords: wildfires, ozone, exceptional event, VOC - volatile organic compounds, nitrogen oxides, MDA8 - maximum daily 8-hour average, statistical analysis, PAN - peroxyacetyl nitrate, PM2.5, fire models, air quality, N - nitrogen, particulates, fire management, forest management, smoke management, Idaho, Nevada, Utah
Occupational safety and health concerns have been raised in a number of southern states by workers conducting prescribed burns on forest lands treated with herbicides. Modeling assessments coupled with laboratory experiments have shown that the risk of airborne herbicide…
Person:
Year: 1992
Type: Document
Source: TTRS
Topic(s): Emissions and Smoke, Fire Effects, Models, Prescribed Fire, Safety
Region(s): Southern
Keywords: burning intervals, C - carbon, CO - carbon monoxide, fire management, fire size, Georgia, herbicides, particulates, sampling, smoke effects, smoke management, statistical analysis
Industrial hygiene measurement of exposures to wildland fire fighters was conducted in northern California during three consecutive fire seasons (1986-1989) in conjunction with three separate health effects studies. Chemicals that were monitored included carbon monoxide, total…
Person:
Year: 1992
Type: Document
Source: TTRS
Topic(s): Emissions and Smoke, Fire Ecology, Prescribed Fire, Safety
Region(s): California, Great Basin
Keywords: air quality, C - carbon, CO - carbon monoxide, dust, fire control, fire management, fire suppression, firebreaks, hydrocarbons, mopping up, mountains, northern California, particulates, sampling, statistical analysis, wilderness fire management, wildfires
The relative contributions of double counting of carbon emissions between forest-to-nonforest cover change (FNCC) and forest wildfires are an unknown in estimating net forest carbon exchanges at large scales. This study employed land-cover change maps and forest fire data in the…
Person:
Year: 2013
Type: Document
Source: FRAMES, TTRS
Topic(s): Emissions and Smoke, Fire Effects
Region(s): California, Eastern, Northwest, Southern
Keywords: burn severity, carbon emissions, land cover change, carbon double counting, fire intensity, fire size, wildfires, C - carbon, greenhouse gases, remote sensing, fire management, forest management, smoke management
We used a Landsat Thematic Mapper (TM) image from the 2011 Wallow fire in Arizona, USA, in combination with field data to assess different methods for determining fire severity. These include the normalised burn ratio (NBR), the differenced NBR (dNBR), the relative dNBR (RdNBR)…
Person:
Year: 2013
Type: Document
Source: FRAMES, TTRS
Topic(s): Emissions and Smoke, Fire Effects, Fire Occurrence, Intelligence, Models
Region(s): Southwest
Keywords: fire severity, NBR - Normalized Burn Ratio, Arizona, carbon cycle, Landsat TM (Thematic Mapper), spectral analysis, burning efficiency, Wallow Fire, fire case histories, fire intensity, wildfires, air quality, C - carbon, duff, litter, remote sensing, shrubs, size classes, statistical analysis, Pinus ponderosa, ponderosa pine, fire management, forest management, soil management, coniferous forests
Accurate estimation of the canopy fuel load that is consumed during crown fires is critical for improving our knowledge of crown fire behaviour and for quantifying emissions of carbon and other gases during this type of fire. However, there is a lack of information about the…
Person:
Year: 2013
Type: Document
Source: FRAMES, TTRS
Topic(s): Emissions and Smoke, Fire Behavior, Fuels
Region(s): International
Keywords: active crown fire, canopy fuel load, carbon emissions, Spain, maritime pine, Pinus pinaster, vertical canopy profile, crown fires, fine fuels, fuel loading, air quality, C - carbon, overstory, Pinus pinaster, maritime pine, Europe, fire management, forest management