Type
Topic
Region
Year
Displaying 126 - 150 of 205
Fire frequency, extent, and size exhibit a strong linkage with climate conditions and play a vital role in the climate system. Previous studies have shown that the frequency of large fires in the western United States increased significantly since the mid-1980s due to climate…
Person:
Year: 2015
Type: Document
Source: FRAMES
Topic(s): Climate, Emissions and Smoke, Fire Behavior, Fire History, Fire Occurrence, Intelligence, Models
Region(s): California, Eastern, Great Basin, Northern Rockies, Northwest, Rocky Mountain, Southern, Southwest
Keywords: wildfires, fire frequency, fire intensity, fire size, C - carbon, climate change, remote sensing, fire management, forest management, smoke management, Dynamic Land Ecosystem Model, fire severity, burned area
The first observations of smoke-induced density currents originating from large wildfires are presented. Using a novel mobile Doppler lidar and additional in situ measurements, we document a deep (~ 2 km) smoke-filled density current that propagates more than 25 km at speeds up…
Person:
Year: 2015
Type: Document
Source: FRAMES
Topic(s): Emissions and Smoke, Fire Effects, Monitoring and Inventory
Region(s): California
Keywords: cold smoke, Doppler lidar, smoke dispersion, wildfires, density current
Smoke caused by wildland fire events is an important public health issue, involving major risks to the health of people and the environment. Smoke from wildland fires can travel hundreds of kilometers, affecting air quality far from the flames. Through a partnership with Health…
Person:
Year: 2015
Type: Document
Source: FRAMES
Topic(s): Emissions and Smoke, Safety
Region(s): International
Keywords: Canada, Manitoba, air quality, AQHI - Air Quality Health Index, wildfires, public health, heat
Southeastern France is the most wildfire prone region of the country, covering 14.7 percent of its land area-entire country, is the region most affected by wildfires, with 55 percent of the total number of fires recorded in the whole country from 2006 to 2008. It is a typical…
Person:
Year: 2015
Type: Document
Source: FRAMES
Topic(s): Climate, Emissions and Smoke, Fire Behavior, Fire Ecology, Fire Occurrence, Fuels, Social Science, Weather, Wildland-Urban Interface (WUI)
Region(s): International
Keywords: France, fire management, political consequences, social consequences, fire regimes, large fires
The biological effect of particles on respiratory epithelial cells involves, in part, the generation of an oxidative stress and a consequent cascade of reactions culminating in inflammatory mediator release. Whether there is either an immediate, transitory activation or a…
Person:
Year: 2015
Type: Document
Source: FRAMES
Topic(s): Emissions and Smoke, Safety
Region(s): Alaska, California, Eastern, Great Basin, Hawaii, Northern Rockies, Northwest, Rocky Mountain, Southern, Southwest, National
Keywords: air pollution, inflammation, lung diseases, oxidants, PM - particulate matter, air quality
The article focuses on chemistry and toxicity of emissions generated from diesel and biomass combustion. Topics discussed include concerns pertaining to air quality of different urban areas across the globe, association of long-term exposure to particulate matter (PM) with…
Person:
Year: 2015
Type: Document
Source: FRAMES
Topic(s): Emissions and Smoke, Monitoring and Inventory, Safety
Region(s): Alaska, California, Eastern, Great Basin, Hawaii, Northern Rockies, Northwest, Rocky Mountain, Southern, Southwest, National
Keywords: DEP - diesel engine exhaust, biomass burning, biomass combustion, toxicity, chemistry, organic compounds, PM - particulate matter, lung inflammation, wildfires, aerosols
The biological effect of an inorganic particle (i.e., silica) can be associated with a disruption in cell iron homeostasis. Organic compounds included in particles originating from combustion processes can also complex sources of host cell iron to disrupt metal homeostasis. We…
Person:
Year: 2015
Type: Document
Source: FRAMES
Topic(s): Emissions and Smoke, Safety
Region(s): Eastern
Keywords: wood smoke, experimental burn, human health, inorganic particle, particles, humic acid, statistical analysis
Size-resolved aerosol composition measurements were conducted at a coastal site in central California during the Nucleation in California Experiment (NiCE) between July and August of 2013. The site is just east of ship and marine emission sources and is also influenced by…
Person:
Year: 2015
Type: Document
Source: FRAMES
Topic(s): Aquatic, Emissions and Smoke, Fire Effects
Region(s): California
Keywords: biomass burning, aerosol, composition, soil
In this study, volatile and semi-volatile organic compound (VOCs and SVOCs) mass emission factors were determined from laboratory peat fire experiments. The peat samples originated from two National Wildlife Refuges on the coastal plain of North Carolina, U.S.A. Gas- and…
Person:
Year: 2015
Type: Document
Source: FRAMES
Topic(s): Emissions and Smoke
Region(s): Southern
Keywords: peat, North Carolina, VOC - volatile organic compounds, biomass burning, organic soil, emission factors, air pollutants, organic carbon, PAH - polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons
Emissions from prescribed burns of a managed longleaf pine (Pinus palustris) forest and grass/savanna fields in western Florida were measured by simultaneous aerial and ground sampling. Results were compared with measurements made in an open burn laboratory test facility using…
Person:
Year: 2015
Type: Document
Source: FRAMES
Topic(s): Emissions and Smoke, Monitoring and Inventory, Prescribed Fire
Region(s): Southern
Keywords: Pinus palustris, longleaf pine, Florida, grasslands, pine savanna, black carbon, PAH - polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons, brown carbon, PCDD - polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins, VOC - volatile organic compounds, PM2.5, PM - particulate matter, organic carbon
Open biomass burning is a significant source of primary air pollutants such as particulate matter (PM) and non-methane organic gases (NMOG). However, the physical and chemical atmospheric processing of these emissions during transport is poorly understood. Atmospheric…
Person:
Year: 2015
Type: Document
Source: FRAMES
Topic(s): Emissions and Smoke, Prescribed Fire
Region(s): Southern
Keywords: South Carolina, aerosol, organic aerosols, smoke plume, biomass burning, air pollutants, air quality, air pollution, PM - particulate matter, NMOC - nonmethane organic compounds
Estimating population exposure to particulate matter during wildfires can be difficult because of insufficient monitoring data to capture the spatiotemporal variability of smoke plumes. Chemical transport models (CTMs) and satellite retrievals provide spatiotemporal data that…
Person:
Year: 2015
Type: Document
Source: FRAMES
Topic(s): Emissions and Smoke, Models, Safety
Region(s): California
Keywords: PM - particulate matter, PM2.5, cross validation, chemical transport model, GASP - Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellite Aerosol/Smoke Product, AOD - aerosol optical depth, smoke plumes, smoke prediction
Particulate brown carbon (BrC) in the atmosphere absorbs light at subvisible wavelengths and has poorly constrained but potentially large climate forcing impacts. BrC from biomass burning has virtually unknown lifecycle and atmospheric stability. Here, BrC emitted from intense…
Person:
Year: 2015
Type: Document
Source: FRAMES
Topic(s): Emissions and Smoke
Region(s): California
Keywords: brown carbon, plumes, fire plumes, wildfires, aerosol, remote sensing, 2013 Rim Fire, CO - carbon monoxide
Fire is an intrinsic element of many forest ecosystems; it shapes their ecological processes, determines species composition and influences landscape structure. However, wildfires may: have undesirable effects on biodiversity and vegetation coverage; produce carbon emissions to…
Person:
Year: 2015
Type: Document
Source: FRAMES
Topic(s): Climate, Emissions and Smoke, Fire Ecology, Fire Effects, Fire Occurrence, Fuels
Region(s): Alaska, California, Eastern, Great Basin, Hawaii, Northern Rockies, Northwest, Rocky Mountain, Southern, Southwest, International, National
Keywords: climate change, climate variability, forest fire, tool
On August 8, 2010, a severe derecho type thunderstorm in the Baltic Sea region coincided with smoke from wildfires in Russia. Remarkable smoke aerosol concentrations, with a maximum aerosol optical depth of more than 2 at 550 nm, were observed near the thunderstorm. The impact…
Person:
Year: 2015
Type: Document
Source: FRAMES
Topic(s): Emissions and Smoke, Fire Effects, Models
Region(s): International
Keywords: Derecho, Russia, aerosol, radiative effects, HARMONIE - Hirlam Aladin Research for Mesoscale Operational Numerical Weather Prediction in Euromed, thunderstorms
We looked at 19 wildfire events that were observed in the summers of 2012 and 2013 at the Mt. Bachelor Observatory (MBO, 2.7 km a.s.l.), a mountaintop site located in central Oregon. We identified wildfire plumes using enhancement ratios (ΔY/ΔX), which we calculated for each…
Person:
Year: 2015
Type: Document
Source: FRAMES
Topic(s): Emissions and Smoke, Fire Effects
Region(s): Northwest
Keywords: Oregon, ozone production, enhancement ratios, wildfires, fire plumes
Wildfires alter land cover creating changes in dynamic, vegetative, radiative, thermal and hydrological properties of the surface. However, how so drastic changes induced by wildfires and how the age of the burnt scar affect the small and meso-scale atmospheric boundary layer…
Person:
Year: 2015
Type: Document
Source: FRAMES
Topic(s): Emissions and Smoke, Fire Effects, Models, Weather
Region(s): International
Keywords: Portugal, Mediterranean region, wildfires, water cycle
Persistent high pressure conditions over the European part of Russia during summer 2010 were responsible for an extended period of hot and dry weather, creating favourable conditions for severe wildfires. The chemical transport model SILAM is used to simulate the dispersion of…
Person:
Year: 2015
Type: Document
Source: FRAMES
Topic(s): Emissions and Smoke, Models, Weather
Region(s): International
Keywords: Russia, SILAM, MACC - Monitoring Atmospheric Composition and Climate, HARMONIE - Hirlam Aladin Research for Mesoscale Operational Numerical Weather Prediction in Euromed, wildfires, aerosol radiative effects
The importance of flame detection cannot be ignored in a wildfire video surveillance system due to disturbance of heavy fog and challenging of smoke detection. In this paper a novel method for hierarchical detection of wildfire flame video is presented. Specifically, wildfire…
Person:
Year: 2015
Type: Document
Source: FRAMES
Topic(s): Emissions and Smoke, Fire Occurrence, Models
Region(s): Alaska, California, Eastern, Great Basin, Hawaii, Northern Rockies, Northwest, Rocky Mountain, Southern, Southwest, National
Keywords: hierarchical detection, wildfire flame video detection, sparse representation, fire detection
Post-fire landscapes are often blanketed with a layer of ash that is capable of altering post-fire infiltration response. Documentation of ash layer characteristics, specifically ash sorptivity and hydraulic conductivity, is instrumental to understanding and modeling post-fire…
Person:
Year: 2015
Type: Document
Source: FRAMES, TTRS
Topic(s): Emissions and Smoke, Fire Effects
Region(s): California, Northern Rockies, Rocky Mountain, Southwest, International
Keywords: ash, methodology, wildfires, sorptivity, hydraulic conductivity, post-fire, soils, fire intensity, post-fire recovery, British Columbia, Montana, Arizona, New Mexico, Wyoming, soil moisture, soil organic matter, soil permeability, fire management, range management, soil management
A recent study of simulated forecast-based interventions as a tool to reduce the health and economic burden during smoke episodes. The study illustrated a large health burden associated with these events and the potential benefit an adaptation of current forecasting technologies…
Person: Rappold
Year: 2015
Type: Media
Source: FRAMES
Topic(s): Economics, Emissions and Smoke, Models, Safety
Region(s): Eastern
Keywords: PM2.5, health effects, smoke forecasting, asthma, heart failure
A discussion on revisions to US Wildfire Guide for Public Health Officials and solicitation for ideas for further revisions. The revised guide will include federal, state and local agencies and will reflect recent advances in scientific evidence and technologies. Important…
Person: Stone
Year: 2015
Type: Media
Source: FRAMES
Topic(s): Emissions and Smoke, Safety
Region(s): Alaska, California, Eastern, Great Basin, Hawaii, Northern Rockies, Northwest, Rocky Mountain, Southern, Southwest, National
Keywords: air quality, PM2.5, visual range, public health, agencies, AQI - Air Quality Index, NowCast
Presentation discussing challenges in communication during smoke events. Dr. Garbe discussed the importance of local response, and experience, as well as keeping flexible messaging and keeping the message "new" across fire seasons.
Person: Garbe
Year: 2015
Type: Media
Source: FRAMES
Topic(s): Emissions and Smoke, Outreach, Safety
Region(s): Alaska, California, Eastern, Great Basin, Hawaii, Northern Rockies, Northwest, Rocky Mountain, Southern, Southwest, National
Keywords: air quality, public information, public perception, health effects, public health, biomass burning
Presentation on recent advances in the estimation of visual range. The use of visual range as a public health communication tool raised interest by many in the group and stimulated a discussion. Visual range is a fairly inexpensive tool for communication of exposure and could be…
Person: O'Neill
Year: 2015
Type: Media
Source: FRAMES
Topic(s): Emissions and Smoke, Safety
Region(s): Alaska, California, Eastern, Great Basin, Hawaii, Northern Rockies, Northwest, Rocky Mountain, Southern, Southwest, National
Keywords: air quality, PM2.5, PM - particulate matter, visual range, health effects, relative humidity
Presentation outlining recent advances in the development of smoke modeling. This included a brief discussion of the effectiveness of different smoke model approaches and some examples from the 2014 wildfire season using BlueSky Framework.
Person: Larkin, O'Neill
Year: 2015
Type: Media
Source: FRAMES
Topic(s): Emissions and Smoke, Models
Region(s): Alaska, California, Eastern, Great Basin, Hawaii, Northern Rockies, Northwest, Rocky Mountain, Southern, Southwest, National
Keywords: BlueSky Modeling Framework, smoke modeling, smoke forecasting