Type
Topic
Region
Year
Displaying 1 - 25 of 27
Unusually high levels of
Person:
Year: 2007
Type: Document
Source: TTRS
Topic(s): Fire Ecology, Climate, Emissions and Smoke, Models
Region(s): International
Keywords: air quality, biomass, biomass burning, broadcast burning, cropland fires, Europe, fire management, forest management, pollen, pollution, remote sensing, Russia, statistical analysis, United Kingdom, wildfires, wind, atmospheric dispersion modelling, forest fires, long-range transport, pollution
Fire is one of the key disturbances affecting trembling aspen (Populus tremuloides Michx.) forest ecosystems within western Canadian wildlands, including Elk Island National Park in central Alberta, Canada. Although prescribed fire is a tool available to modify aspen forests, a…
Person:
Year: 2007
Type: Document
Source: TTRS
Topic(s): Emissions and Smoke, Fire Ecology, Fuels, Models, Prescribed Fire, Weather
Region(s): Alaska, California, Eastern, Great Basin, Hawaii, Northern Rockies, Northwest, Rocky Mountain, Southern, Southwest, International, National
Keywords: Alberta, Canada, combustion, coniferous forests, disturbance, droughts, duff, ecosystem dynamics, experimental fires, fire intensity, fire management, forest management, fuel moisture, ground fires, ignition, moisture, national parks, plant communities, plant growth, Populus, Populus tremuloides, rate of spread, sampling, smoke management, statistical analysis, wildfires, FWI - Canadian Forest Fire Weather Index System, ground fire, subsurface fire
The re-ignition potential of partially burnt wood-based embers was investigated theoretically by studying their extinction characteristics. An adaptation of Semenov's thermal explosion theory was used in conjunction with a linear stability analysis to determine the critical…
Person:
Year: 2007
Type: Document
Source: TTRS
Topic(s): Emissions and Smoke, Fire Behavior, Models, Safety
Region(s): International
Keywords: adaptation, Araucaria cunninghami, Australia, brush fires, char, combustion, Eucalyptus maculata, fire intensity, fire management, fire size, firebrands, heat, ignition, particulates, Pinus radiata, rate of spread, statistical analysis, temperature, wildfires, wind, wood, flame spread, mathematical modelling
The main purpose of this paper is to present a fire behaviour system, developed to estimate fire progression, smoke dispersion and visibility impairment, at a local scale, and to evaluate its performance by comparing results with measurements from the Gestosa 2004 experimental…
Person:
Year: 2007
Type: Document
Source: TTRS
Topic(s): Climate, Emissions and Smoke, Fire Behavior, Fire Ecology, Models, Weather
Region(s): International
Keywords: air quality, Europe, fire growth, fire management, fire size, particulates, pollution, Portugal, rate of spread, smoke effects, smoke management, statistical analysis, topography, wildfires
Aim Globally, most landscape burning occurs in the tropical savanna biome, where fire is a characteristic of the annual dry season. In northern Australia there is uncertainty about how the frequency and timing of dry season fires have changed in the transition from Aboriginal to…
Person:
Year: 2007
Type: Document
Source: TTRS
Topic(s): Climate, Emissions and Smoke, Fire History, Fire Occurrence, Models, Prescribed Fire
Region(s): International
Keywords: aborigines, air quality, Australia, biomass, broadcast burning, disturbance, fire frequency, fire management, land management, Northern Territory of Australia, particulates, pollution, presettlement fires, savannas, season of fire, tropical regions, Aboriginal fire management, air pollution, airport visibility, Australian summer monsoon, biomass burning, deep moist convection, historical ecology, Tropical Savanna
There is some evidence that the initiation of warm rain is suppressed in clouds over regions with vegetation fires. Thus, the ice phase becomes important as another possibility to initiate precipitation. Numerical simulations were performed to investigate heterogeneous drop…
Person:
Year: 2007
Type: Document
Source: TTRS
Topic(s): Emissions and Smoke, Models, Prescribed Fire
Region(s): International
Keywords: aerosols, air quality, biomass, biomass burning, broadcast burning, Europe, fire management, Germany, moisture, particulates, precipitation, soil management, statistical analysis, biomass burning, heterogeneous drop freezing, ice nuclei, mixed-phase cloud
In a burn of 5-year-old secondary forest cleared for agriculture in Roraima, Brazil, carbon partitioning was measured for above-ground portions of both secondary forest (regrowth) and the remains of original forest, felled and burned six years previously. Above-ground dry weight…
Person:
Year: 2007
Type: Document
Source: FRAMES, TTRS
Topic(s): Climate, Emissions and Smoke, Fire Effects, Fuels, Models, Prescribed Fire, Restoration and Rehabilitation
Region(s): International
Keywords: charcoal, agriculture, deforestation, global warming, Brazil, biomass burning, greenhouse gas, secondary forests, carbon dioxide, axis, biomass, broadcast burning, C - carbon, CO2 - carbon dioxide, cutting, diameter classes, fire management, forest management, climate change, litter, palms, post-fire recovery, sampling, second growth forests, tropical forest, vines
Fire is the dominant disturbance in forest ecosystems across Canada and Alaska, and has important implications for forest ecosystems, terrestrial carbon dioxide emissions and the forestry industry. Large fire activity had increased in Canadian and Alaskan forests during the last…
Person:
Year: 2007
Type: Document
Source: FRAMES, TTRS
Topic(s): Climate, Emissions and Smoke, Fire Behavior, Fire Ecology, Fire Occurrence, Hazard and Risk, Models, Weather
Region(s): Alaska, International
Keywords: boreal forest, Canada, fire, drought, carbon dioxide, computer program, disturbance, ecosystem dynamics, fire danger rating, fire frequency, fire management, fire regimes, fire size, flammability, forest management, moisture, season of fire, wildfires
The main purpose of this paper is to present a fire behaviour system, developed to estimate fire progression, smoke dispersion and visibility impairment, at a local scale, and to evaluate its performance by comparing results with measurements from the Gestosa 2004 experimental…
Person:
Year: 2007
Type: Document
Source: FRAMES
Topic(s): Emissions and Smoke, Fire Behavior, Models
Region(s): International
Keywords: pollutant concentrations, smoke dispersion, Portugal, DISPERFIRE, FireStation
We describe emission-transmission measurements performed at different heights in a flame from a cylindrical forest fuel burner, using a camera operating in the thermal infrared (7.5-13 µm). The forest fuel burner was made of a cylindrical wire mesh basket filled with a forest…
Person:
Year: 2007
Type: Document
Source: FRAMES
Topic(s): Emissions and Smoke, Models
Region(s): International
Keywords: Mediterranean, radiation, soot, forest fires, Pinus pinaster, IR thermography
Australia is among the most fire-prone of continents. While national fire management policy is focused on irregular and comparatively smaller fires in densely settled southern Australia, this comprehensive assessment of continental-scale fire patterning (1997-2005) derived from…
Person:
Year: 2007
Type: Document
Source: FRAMES, TTRS
Topic(s): Climate, Communications, Emissions and Smoke, Fire Occurrence, Fuels, Intelligence, Mapping, Models, Monitoring and Inventory, Prescribed Fire
Region(s): International
Keywords: remote sensing, AVHRR - Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer, fire mapping, greenhouse gas emissions, satellite imagery, Australia, biomass burning, savanna burning, aborigines, air quality, biomass, broadcast burning, distribution, elevation, fire size, fire management, fire frequency, forest management, fuel types, climate change, grasslands, human caused fires, ignition, land use, lightning, lightning caused fires, precipitation, savannas, shrublands, vegetation surveys
The efficiency of fuel breaks installed in wildland-urban interfaces to reduce fire hazard depends strongly on the conditions of spread (rate of spread, flame height) of a surface fire through the shrub on the ground and also on the possibility of a transition for this fire from…
Person:
Year: 2007
Type: Document
Source: FRAMES, TTRS
Topic(s): Emissions and Smoke, Fire Behavior, Fire Prevention, Fuels, Hazard and Risk, Models, Wildland-Urban Interface (WUI)
Region(s): International
Keywords: Mediterranean shrublands, physical models, wildfire modeling, Brachypodium ramosum, Brachypodium spp., crown fires, decomposition, energy, Europe, fire hazard, fire hazard reduction, fire management, flame length, France, fuel breaks, fuel loading, fuel management, heat, ignition, Mediterranean habitats, overstory, Pinus spp., Pinus halepensis, Quercus spp., Quercus coccifera , radiation, rate of spread, shrublands, soot, statistical analysis, surface fires, surface fuels, temperature, trees, understory vegetation, wildfires, wind
The Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) currently provides the most extensive aerosol retrievals on a global basis, but validation is limited to a small number of ground stations. This study presents a comprehensive evaluation of Collection 4 and 5 MODIS…
Person:
Year: 2007
Type: Document
Source: FRAMES
Topic(s): Climate, Emissions and Smoke, Models
Region(s): International
Keywords: aerosols, China, MODIS - Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer, CSHNET - Chinese Sun Hazemeter Network
We explore the impact of future climate change on the risk of forest and grassland fires over Australia in January using a high resolution regional climate model, driven at the boundaries by data from a transitory coupled climate model. Two future emission scenarios (relatively…
Person:
Year: 2007
Type: Document
Source: FRAMES
Topic(s): Climate, Emissions and Smoke, Hazard and Risk, Models
Region(s): International
Keywords: climate change, Australia, fire risk
Aim: Globally, most landscape burning occurs in the tropical savanna biome, where fire is a characteristic of the annual dry season. In northern Australia there is uncertainty about how the frequency and timing of dry season fires have changed in the transition from Aboriginal…
Person:
Year: 2007
Type: Document
Source: FRAMES
Topic(s): Emissions and Smoke, Fire Effects, Models
Region(s): International
Keywords: aboriginal burning practices, air pollution, convection, PM10, visibility, Australia, biomass burning, historical ecology, tropical savannas, monsoon tropics
The present study investigates effects of wildfire emissions on air quality in Europe during an intense fire season that occurred in summer 2003. A meso-scale chemistry transport model CHIMERE is used, together with ground based and satellite aerosol optical measurements, to…
Person:
Year: 2007
Type: Document
Source: FRAMES
Topic(s): Emissions and Smoke, Models
Region(s): International
Keywords: aerosols, Europe, MODIS - Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer, PM - particulate matter, smoke transport, AERONET - Aerosol Robotic Network, radiative effects
Fires in boreal and temperate forests play a significant role in the global carbon cycle. While forest fires in North America (NA) have been surveyed extensively by U.S. and Canadian forest services, most fire records are limited to seasonal statistics without information on…
Person:
Year: 2007
Type: Document
Source: FRAMES
Topic(s): Emissions and Smoke, Fire Effects, Mapping, Models
Region(s): Alaska, International
Keywords: Canada, AVHRR - Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer, North America, boreal forests, burned area mapping, forest fires, temperate forests
The present paper proposes an original approach to estimate gaseous and particulate emissions from boreal forest fires based on the Canadian Forest Fire Behaviour Prediction ( FBP) System. The FBP System permits calculation of fuel consumption and rate of spread for individual…
Person:
Year: 2007
Type: Document
Source: FRAMES
Topic(s): Climate, Emissions and Smoke, Fire Effects, Models
Region(s): International
Keywords: air quality, boreal forest, Canada, black carbon, climate change, PM - particulate matter, Quebec, FBP - CFFDRS Fire Behavior Prediction System, forest fires, GEM - Global Environmental Multiscale, greenhouse gas, particulate organic matter
Using three sets of satellite data for burned areas together with the tree cover imagery and a biogeochemical component of the Integrated Science Assessment Model (ISAM) the global emissions of CO and associated uncertainties are estimated for the year 2000. The available fuel…
Person:
Year: 2007
Type: Document
Source: TTRS
Topic(s): Communications, Emissions and Smoke, Fire Behavior, Fire Ecology, Fire Effects, Fuels, Intelligence, Mapping, Models, Monitoring and Inventory, Prescribed Fire
Region(s): International
Keywords: Africa, air quality, biogeochemical cycles, biomass, broadcast burning, C - carbon, cover, croplands, cutting, deciduous forests, decomposition, ecosystem dynamics, evapotranspiration, fertilization, fire management, forest management, fuel loading, grasslands, litter, CH4 - methane, ozone, photosynthesis, remote sensing, savannas, shrublands, soil organic matter, surface fuels, tropical forests, open fire, CO - carbon monoxide, ISAM
The present paper proposes an original approach to estimate gaseous and particulate emissions from boreal forest fires based on the Canadian Forest Fire Behaviour Prediction ( FBP) System. The FBP System permits calculation of fuel consumption and rate of spread for individual…
Person:
Year: 2007
Type: Document
Source: TTRS
Topic(s): Climate, Emissions and Smoke, Fire Behavior, Fire History, Fuels, Hazard and Risk, Intelligence, Models, Weather
Region(s): Alaska, California, Eastern, Great Basin, Hawaii, Northern Rockies, Northwest, Rocky Mountain, Southern, Southwest, International, National
Keywords: aerosols, air quality, boreal forests, Canada, C - carbon, distribution, fire case histories, fire danger rating, fire management, forest management, gases, greenhouse gases, headfires, organic matter, particulates, precipitation, Quebec, rate of spread, smoke management, statistical analysis, temperature, wildfires, air quality, black carbon, climate change, greenhouse gas, particulate matter
The long-range transported smokes emitted by biomass burning had a strong impact on the PM2.5 mass concentrations in Helsinki over the 12 days period in April and May 2006. To characterize aerosols during this period, the real-time measurements were done for PM2.5, PM2.5-10,…
Person:
Year: 2007
Type: Document
Source: TTRS
Topic(s): Emissions and Smoke, Fuels, Models, Prescribed Fire
Region(s): International
Keywords: aerosols, air quality, biomass, biomass burning, broadcast burning, C - carbon, Europe, Finland, fire management, organic matter, particulates, K - potassium, smoke management, aerosols, biomass burning, chemical composition, long-range transport
Savannas comprise a large area of the global land surface and are subject to frequent disturbance through fire. The role of fire as one of the primary natural carbon cycling mechanisms is a key issue in considering global change feedbacks. The savannas of Northern Australia burn…
Person:
Year: 2007
Type: Document
Source: TTRS
Topic(s): Emissions and Smoke, Fire Behavior, Fire Ecology, Fire Effects, Fire Occurrence, Fuels, Models
Region(s): International
Keywords: aerosols, air quality, Australia, biomass, C - carbon, disturbance, ecosystem dynamics, energy, eucalyptus, fine fuels, fire frequency, fire injuries (plants), fire management, fire regimes, fuel loading, grasses, heavy fuels, insects, leaves, mortality, Northern Territory of Australia, overstory, post fire recovery, savannas, scorch, shrubs, statistical analysis, wildfires, CO2 fluxes, eddy covariance, eucalyptus, Howard Springs, net biome productivity, savanna
The role of biomass burning aerosols in the climate system is still poorly quantified, in part due to uncertainties regarding the optical properties of elemental and organic carbon (EC and OC, respectively), the main constituents of pyrogenic aerosols. In this study, we utilize…
Person:
Year: 2007
Type: Document
Source: TTRS
Topic(s): Emissions and Smoke, Fire Behavior, Fuels, Models, Prescribed Fire
Region(s): International
Keywords: aerosols, air quality, biomass, biomass burning, Brazil, broadcast burning, C - carbon, chemical compounds, chemistry, combustion, fire management, flammability, light, organic matter, particulates, South America, statistical analysis, biomass burning, aerosol optical properties, refractive index, elemental carbons, organic carbon
In support of Canada's National Forest Carbon Monitoring, Accounting and Reporting System, a project was initiated to develop and test procedures for estimating direct carbon emissions from fires. The Canadian Wildland Fire Information System (CWFIS) provides the infrastructure…
Person:
Year: 2007
Type: Document
Source: FRAMES, TTRS
Topic(s): Communications, Emissions and Smoke, Fire Behavior, Fire Effects, Fuels, Intelligence, Mapping, Models, Monitoring and Inventory, Weather
Region(s): International
Keywords: boreal forests, Canada, fuel consumption, remote sensing, carbon emissions, Boreal Fire Effects Model, Canada's National Forest Carbon Monitoring, Accounting and Reporting System, CWFIS - Canadian Wildland Fire Information System, air quality, biomass, C - carbon, coniferous forests, dead fuels, decomposition, disturbance, fire intensity, fire management, fire size, foliage, forest management, fuel loading, fuel management, fuel types, heavy fuels, litter, mortality, organic matter, population density, rate of spread, snags, wildfires
Fires caused by natural or technological disasters emit large amounts of smoke which, once formed into plumes, may affect the human health and the environment. Satellite remote sensing data provide an effective tool to achieve detection and monitoring of these plumes over large…
Person:
Year: 2007
Type: Document
Source: FRAMES
Topic(s): Emissions and Smoke, Fire Effects, Models, Social Science
Region(s): California, International
Keywords: forest fire, remote sensing, human health, natural hazards, AVHRR imagery, England, Iraq, plume detection, plume monitoring, United Kingdom