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An inventory of particulate matter and air toxic emissions from prescribed fires in the USA for 1989
This report documents a prescribed fire emissions inventory developed using consistent methodology for each of the 50 states of the USA for calendar year 1989. Emissions of particulate matter, selected toxic compounds, and a few other carbon-containing compounds are estimated.…
Person:
Year: 1993
Type: Document
Source: FRAMES
Topic(s): Emissions and Smoke, Fire Behavior, Fuels, Prescribed Fire
Region(s): Alaska, California, Eastern, Great Basin, Hawaii, Northern Rockies, Northwest, Rocky Mountain, Southern, Southwest, National
Keywords: emissions inventory, particulate matter, fuel complexes, toxic compounds, emission factors
[no description entered]
Person:
Year: 1985
Type: Document
Source: TTRS
Topic(s): Administration, Climate, Economics, Emissions and Smoke, Fire Behavior, Fire Ecology, Fire Effects, Fire History, Fire Occurrence, Fire Prevention, Fuels, Hazard and Risk, Intelligence, Outreach, Planning, Prescribed Fire, Regulations and Legislation, Social Science, Weather, Economics, Wildland-Urban Interface (WUI)
Region(s): Great Basin, Northern Rockies, Southern
Keywords: Abies spp., air quality, arthropods, bark, catastrophic fires, climax vegetation, community ecology, conservation, crown fires, decay, dominance (ecology), ecosystem dynamics, fire adaptations (plants), fire control, fire exclusion, fire frequency, fire hazard reduction, fire injuries (plants), fire intensity, fire management, fire regimes, fire suppression, forest management, fuel accumulation, grasses, grasslands, hardwoods, human caused fires, Idaho, ignition, insects, land management, light, lightning caused fires, litter, logging, low intensity burns, Montana, mortality, mosaic, national forests, national parks, natural resource legislation, old growth forests, organic matter, Picea, pine forests, pine, Pinus banksiana, Pinus contorta, Pinus ponderosa, pioneer species, plant communities, plant diseases, plant growth, post fire recovery, prescribed fires (chance ignition), public information, rate of spread, regeneration, second growth forests, Sequoiadendron giganteum , species diversity (plants), succession, surface fires, understory vegetation, wilderness areas, wildfires
[no description entered]
Person:
Year: 1985
Type: Document
Source: TTRS
Topic(s): Administration, Aviation, Emissions and Smoke, Fire Behavior, Fire Ecology, Fire Effects, Fire Prevention, Fuels, Hazard and Risk, Logistics, Models, Planning, Prescribed Fire
Region(s): Alaska, California, Eastern, Great Basin, Hawaii, Northern Rockies, Northwest, Rocky Mountain, Southern, Southwest, National
Keywords: aerial ignition, bibliographies, diseases, ecosystem dynamics, fire danger rating, fire hazard reduction, fire intensity, fire management, fire regimes, forage, forest management, fuel accumulation, grazing, plant growth, post fire recovery, regeneration, smoke management, soils, water quality, wildfires, wildlife habitat management
Fire Science Research Work Unit accomplishments 1980-1984 are summarized and publications listed. Current fire behavior and fire effects investigations are briefly described.
Person:
Year: 1985
Type: Document
Source: TTRS
Topic(s): Aviation, Emissions and Smoke, Fire Behavior, Fire Ecology, Fire Effects, Fire Prevention, Fuels, Hazard and Risk, Logistics, Prescribed Fire, Restoration and Rehabilitation
Region(s): Southern
Keywords: adaptation, aerial ignition, artificial regeneration, dead fuels, fire danger rating, fire exclusion, fire hazard reduction, fire management, firing techniques, flame length, Florida, forest management, fuel moisture, fuel types, Georgia, heavy fuels, loblolly pine, longleaf pine, North Carolina, organic soils, pine forests, Pinus elliottii, Pinus palustris, Pinus taeda, plant growth, plantations, research, slash pine, smoke management, spot fires, understory vegetation, vegetation surveys, wildfires
State-of-the-art applications of weather, fire danger rating, and fire behavior in smoke management and prescribed burning by southern fire managers are addressed. Validations of fire predictive systems versus observed fire conditions are stressed as a prime need in the south.
Person:
Year: 1985
Type: Document
Source: TTRS
Topic(s): Aviation, Emissions and Smoke, Fire Behavior, Fire Effects, Fire Prevention, Fuels, Hazard and Risk, Logistics, Models, Prescribed Fire, Weather
Region(s): Southern
Keywords: aerial ignition, air temperature, fire danger rating, fire hazard reduction, fire management, fuel models, humidity, North Carolina, overstory, scorch, smoke management, wind, smoke management, fire danger rating
Methods for transmitting weather data and uses of the data by foresters are becoming more automated. Recent work at Macon confirms the importance of atomospheric [atmospheric] stability as a determinant of forest fire behavior. Smoke management systems currently being developed…
Person:
Year: 1985
Type: Document
Source: TTRS
Topic(s): Climate, Emissions and Smoke, Fire Behavior, Fire Ecology, Prescribed Fire, Weather
Region(s): Southern
Keywords: fire management, forest management, Georgia, humidity, remote sensing, roads, smoke behavior, smoke management, wildfires, wind
From the text...'Big gaps still exist in the understanding of fire ecology, especially the seasonal aspects. Fire can have profoundly different effects on soil, plants and animals depending on when it occurs. Oftentimes the most ecological gain comes from burning during the…
Person:
Year: 1993
Type: Document
Source: TTRS
Topic(s): Climate, Emissions and Smoke, Fire Behavior, Fire Ecology, Fire Effects, Fire Occurrence, Fire Prevention, Fuels, Hazard and Risk, Intelligence, Logistics, Outreach, Prescribed Fire, Restoration and Rehabilitation, Social Science, Weather, Fire Ecology, Wildland-Urban Interface (WUI)
Region(s): Eastern, Southern
Keywords: backfires, catastrophic fires, cones, coniferous forests, crown fires, ecosystem dynamics, education, fire adaptations (plants), fire equipment, fire frequency, fire hazard reduction, fire management, fire suppression, firing techniques, flatwoods, Florida, forest management, general interest, grasslands, headfires, invasive species, land management, liability, mopping up, Native Americans, Oklahoma, Pennsylvania, pine forests, Pinus banksiana, Pinus contorta, public information, Sequoiadendron giganteum , smoke effects, surface fires, Tall Timbers Research Station, tallgrass prairies, topography, vegetation surveys
Fire spread in wildland fuels is modeled as the steady, longitudinal propagation of an isothermal surface at ignition temperature by the process of radiation transport through a uniform layer of randomly-distributed, thermally-thin, radiometrically-black fuel particles. The…
Person:
Year: 1985
Type: Document
Source: TTRS
Topic(s): Emissions and Smoke, Fire Behavior, Fire Effects, Fuels, Models
Region(s): Alaska, California, Eastern, Great Basin, Hawaii, Northern Rockies, Northwest, Rocky Mountain, Southern, Southwest, National
Keywords: fire intensity, fire management, flame length, fuel management, fuel moisture, fuel types, heat, heat effects, ignition, particulates, radiation, rate of spread, temperature, wilderness areas, wilderness fire management, wildfires, wildland fuels, wind
We develop a simple analytical model to estimate the thickness of a smoke layer formed by a plume of a large area fire and to account for crosswinds. We take advantage of the dominant flow features in the upper part of the rising plume and in the smoke layer far from the plume…
Person:
Year: 1993
Type: Document
Source: TTRS
Topic(s): Fire Ecology, Climate, Emissions and Smoke, Fire Behavior, Models
Region(s): Alaska, California, Eastern, Great Basin, Hawaii, Northern Rockies, Northwest, Rocky Mountain, Southern, Southwest, National
Keywords: air quality, decay, dust, humidity, nuclear winter, smoke behavior, statistical analysis, temperature, wind
From the text...'The new Mississippi statute on prescribed burning activities is welcome by the forestry community. The act recognizes prescribed burning as an important property right and land management tool that greatly benefits society, the environment and the economy of the…
Person:
Year: 1993
Type: Document
Source: TTRS
Topic(s): Administration, Fire Behavior, Fire Ecology, Fire Prevention, Planning, Prescribed Fire, Regulations and Legislation, Social Science, Emissions and Smoke, Hazard and Risk, Wildland-Urban Interface (WUI)
Region(s): Southern
Keywords: burning permits, fire hazard reduction, fire management, fire suppression, forest management, land management, liability, Mississippi, natural resource legislation, pine forests, private lands, regeneration, site treatments
An average of 350 fire weather special Forecast Requests are prepared each year by the fire weather forecasters in the National Weather Service Forecast Office (WSFO) in Denver. Up to 650 of these spot forecasts may be prepared during a severe fire season. Spot forecasts are…
Person:
Year: 1993
Type: Document
Source: TTRS
Topic(s): Climate, Emissions and Smoke, Fire Behavior, Fire Ecology, Fuels, Models, Planning, Prescribed Fire, Weather
Region(s): Rocky Mountain
Keywords: Colorado, fire danger rating, fire management, fuel moisture, humidity, ignition, precipitation, smoke management, temperature, wildfires, wind
Periodic fires are a natural phenomenon in fynbos, which is the dominant vegetation type in the Cape floristic region. Fire-stimulated germination has been reported for a number of fynbos species. The promotion of seed germination in the fynbos fire ephemeral, Syncarpha vestita…
Person:
Year: 1993
Type: Document
Source: TTRS
Topic(s): Climate, Emissions and Smoke, Fire Behavior, Fire Ecology, Fire Effects, Fire Occurrence, Fuels
Region(s): International
Keywords: Adenostoma fasciculatum, Africa, Asteraceae, chaparral, charring, experimental fires, fire frequency, fire management, fire regimes, fynbos, germination, grasses, leaves, lightning caused fires, Passerina vulgaris, sclerophyll vegetation, season of fire, seed dormancy, seed germination, seedlings, serotiny, smoke effects, soils, South Africa, statistical analysis, succession, Syncarpha vestita, Themeda triandra, wood, woody plants
Traditionally, in the Southwest, ponderosa pine (Pinus ponderosa) red slash has not been treated with fire to meet resource objectives until all slash has fully cured, usually a 2-to-4-year wait. Waiting for slash to cure is still the widespread practice on most forests in the…
Person:
Year: 1993
Type: Document
Source: TTRS
Topic(s): Economics, Emissions and Smoke, Fire Behavior, Fire Effects, Fire Prevention, Fuels, Hazard and Risk, Models, Prescribed Fire, Social Science, Weather
Region(s): Alaska, California, Eastern, Great Basin, Hawaii, Northern Rockies, Northwest, Rocky Mountain, Southern, Southwest, International, National
Keywords: crown scorch, duff, fine fuels, fire hazard reduction, fire intensity, fuel accumulation, fuel loading, fuel management, fuel models, fuel moisture, heavy fuels, logging, mopping up, multiple resource management, national forests, New Mexico, Pinus ponderosa, precipitation, resprouting, site treatments, slash, smoke management
Lantana montevidensis Briq. is an endemic species of the brazilian <> (savannah) that usually flowers abundantly after burning of the vegetation. Several possible effects of fire on the induction of flowering in this species were tested with no significant result. It seems…
Person:
Year: 1993
Type: Document
Source: TTRS
Topic(s): Emissions and Smoke, Fire Behavior, Fire Ecology, Fire Effects, Fire Occurrence, Fuels
Region(s): International
Keywords: agriculture, ash, Brazil, burning intervals, chemistry, cutting, fire adaptations (plants), fire frequency, flowering, gases, herbicides, Imperata brasiliensis, laboratory fires, Lantana, light, nutrients, pH, reproduction, savannas, soil moisture, soil nutrients, South America, temperature
In A. capitata the protracted juvenile phase, the longevity of plants and their effective vegetative fire regeneration, are all possibly adaptively linked to poor sexual reproduction. After a fire-free period of more than ten years, averages of only 4.7 and 0.4 seedlings per…
Person:
Year: 1993
Type: Document
Source: TTRS
Topic(s): Emissions and Smoke, Fire Behavior, Fire Effects, Fire Occurrence, Fuels
Region(s): International
Keywords: Africa, arthropods, Audouinia capitata, distribution, field experimental fires, fire dependent species, fire frequency, fire intensity, fire regimes, flowering, fuel loading, fynbos, germination, insects, mortality, plant growth, post fire recovery, regeneration, reproduction, resprouting, roots, season of fire, seed germination, seedlings, seeds, senescence, smoke effects, soil moisture, soil temperature, South Africa, sprouting, wildfires
Germination responses of species from native plant communities of southwestern Western Australia can be related to syndromes of life history, fire response, and seed storage, and also to factors related to environmental stress. The Mediterranean-type climate of the region with…
Person:
Year: 1993
Type: Document
Source: TTRS
Topic(s): Emissions and Smoke, Fire Behavior, Fire Ecology, Fire Effects, Fire History, Fire Occurrence
Region(s): California, International
Keywords: Acacia spp., Africa, annual plants, Australia, Banksia, bibliographies, Bossiaea, chaparral, charring, Chorizema, Daviesia, droughts, eucalyptus, fire adaptations (plants), fire dependent species, fire frequency, fire intensity, flowering, fruits, fungi, fynbos, Gastrolobium, germination, heat, heat effects, histories, legumes, Mediterranean habitats, mortality, mycorrhiza, perennial plants, plant communities, plant ecology, plant growth, pollination, post fire recovery, reproduction, resprouting, sclerophyll forests, seed dormancy, seed germination, seed production, seedlings, seeds, serotiny, shrubs, smoke effects, soil nutrients, South Africa, southern Australia, sprouting, statistical analysis, temperature, western Australia, wood
Natural area managers are becoming increasingly aware of the importance of prescribed fire management. Many individuals are interested in ways to advance their knowledge of how to plan and execute prescibed burns. The Nature Conservancy conducted a servey to identify training…
Person:
Year: 1985
Type: Document
Source: TTRS
Topic(s): Emissions and Smoke, Fire Behavior, Fire Ecology, Planning, Prescribed Fire
Region(s): Great Basin, Southern
Keywords: air quality, education, fire control, fire management, smoke management
Changing climate and land use appear to importantly affect the biosphere by way of impacts on fire regimes. Feedback effects on climate and air quality are likely through emissions of trace gases, aerosols, and particulates that affect radiation budgets, stability of the…
Person:
Year: 1993
Type: Document
Source: TTRS
Topic(s): Climate, Emissions and Smoke, Fire Behavior, Fire Ecology, Fire Effects, Fire History
Region(s): Alaska, California, Eastern, Great Basin, Hawaii, Northern Rockies, Northwest, Rocky Mountain, Southern, Southwest, National
Keywords: aerosols, air quality, biomass, boreal forests, charcoal, fire injuries (plants), fire regimes, gases, land use, particulates, pine forests, radiation, savannas, trees, Wisconsin
In 1983 the most severe fire in Victorian mountain forests for over forty years killed extensive areas of highly productive eucalypt forest, requiring a large scale timber salvage and forest rehabilitation program. The scheduling of these programs was dependent upon a rapid and…
Person:
Year: 1985
Type: Document
Source: TTRS
Topic(s): Communications, Economics, Emissions and Smoke, Fire Behavior, Fire Ecology, Fire Effects, Fire Prevention, Fuels, Hazard and Risk, Intelligence, Mapping, Monitoring and Inventory, Prescribed Fire, Restoration and Rehabilitation, Weather, Economics
Region(s): International
Keywords: age classes, arthropods, artificial regeneration, ash, Australia, backfires, catastrophic fires, crown fires, crown scorch, decay, droughts, Eucalyptus regnans, fine fuels, fire control, fire danger rating, fire exclusion, fire injuries (plants), fire intensity, fire management, fire sensitive plants, fire suppression, flammability, forest management, fuel accumulation, fuel loading, fuel moisture, fuel types, fungi, ground fires, hardwood forests, insects, litter, logging, mortality, mosaic, overstory, photography, post fire recovery, rate of spread, regeneration, remote sensing, salvage, spot fires, understory vegetation, Victoria, wildfires, wind
Fynbos is the dominant vegetation type in the Cape floristic region. Periodic fires are a natural phenomenon in fynbos and fire-stimulated seed germination has been reported for a number of fynbos species. Amongst the factors proposed as being directly responsible for the…
Person:
Year: 1993
Type: Document
Source: TTRS
Topic(s): Emissions and Smoke, Fire Behavior, Fire Ecology, Fire Effects, Fire Occurrence
Region(s): International
Keywords: Africa, Asteraceae, charring, chemical compounds, chemistry, Cupressaceae, Ericaceae, field experimental fires, fire adaptations (plants), fire frequency, fynbos, germination, heat, Helichrysum, laboratory fires, post fire recovery, regeneration, Restionaceae, seed germination, seeds, smoke effects, soil temperature, South Africa, Syncarpha vestita, wildfires
From the text: 'Driven by fierce Santa Ana winds, 14 major brush fires ravaged L.A.'s suburbs, burning 152,000 acres and hundreds of homes. The disaster pushed firefighters to the limit and compounded the state's ecological and social troubles.'
Person:
Year: 1993
Type: Document
Source: TTRS
Topic(s): Economics, Emissions and Smoke, Fire Behavior, Fire Effects, Fire Prevention, Fuels, Hazard and Risk, Logistics, Social Science, Weather, Economics, Wildland-Urban Interface (WUI)
Region(s): California, Great Basin
Keywords: backfires, blowups, brush, brush fires, catastrophic fires, chaparral, droughts, fire control, fire equipment, fire intensity, fire management, fire suppression, firebreaks, flammability, fuel accumulation, general interest, grasses, incendiary fires, precipitation, rate of spread, scrub, season of fire, smoke effects, southern California, wildfires, wind
A fire growth model, FARSITE (Fire ARea SImulator) is under development for simulating the spread and behavior of prescribed natural fires. The models uses a technique for wave propagation to expand surface fire fronts in 2 dimensions. Points defining the outer edge of a surface…
Person:
Year: 1993
Type: Document
Source: TTRS
Topic(s): Climate, Emissions and Smoke, Fire Behavior, Fire Ecology, Fuels, Mapping, Models, Prescribed Fire, Weather
Region(s): California, Great Basin, Northwest
Keywords: air quality, coniferous forests, crown fires, duff, fire case histories, fire growth, fire management, fuel loading, fuel moisture, fuel types, Georgia, GIS, landscape ecology, moisture, Oregon, rate of spread, spot fires, statistical analysis, surface fires, surface fuels, topography, weather observations, wilderness fire management, wildfires, wind, woody fuels, Huygen's Principle
From the Introduction ... 'The first European colonists in the South had roots in cultures in which fire was an integral part of landscape management. They were met on their arrival by a culture, the Amerindian [American Indian], which had reshaped the landscape over several…
Person:
Year: 1985
Type: Document
Source: TTRS
Topic(s): Economics, Emissions and Smoke, Fire Behavior, Fire Ecology, Fuels, Prescribed Fire
Region(s): Southern
Keywords: air quality, Appalachian Mountains, ash, central Florida, coastal plain, community ecology, distribution, ecosystem dynamics, fire frequency, fire regimes, flatwoods, forest management, fungi, heavy fuels, microclimate, North Carolina, nutrient cycling, Piedmont, pine forests, Pinus palustris, plant communities, plant diseases, post fire recovery, roots, runoff, sandhills, savannas, scrub, season of fire, smoke management, species diversity (plants), streams, water, wetlands, wildfires, wildlife management
G.M. Byram's energy criterion for forest and wildland fires consists of two equations: one for computing the rate of flow of kinetic energy in the atmosphere due to the wind field (Pw), and one for estimating the rate of conversion of thermal energy to kinetic energy in the…
Person:
Year: 1993
Type: Document
Source: FRAMES, TTRS
Topic(s): Emissions and Smoke, Fire Behavior
Region(s): Alaska, California, Eastern, Great Basin, Hawaii, Northern Rockies, Northwest, Rocky Mountain, Southern, Southwest, National
Keywords: convection column, buoyancy, blowup fires, energy conversion
Working with Forestry Canada and the Ontario Ministry of Natural Resources, the Defense Nuclear Agency carried out an extensively instrumented experiment of a prescribed burn in forest debris to simulate conditions of a mass fire. In addition to the Canadian team, a multi-…
Person:
Year: 1993
Type: Document
Source: FRAMES
Topic(s): Emissions and Smoke, Fire Behavior
Region(s): International
Keywords: Canada, forest fire, natural resources, Ontario, mass fires, energy transfer