Type
Topic
Region
Year
Displaying 76 - 100 of 200
Air pollution generated by vegetation fire smoke (VFS) is a phenomenon that has influenced the global environment in prehistoric and historic time scales. Although historic evidence of the impacts of VFS on societies is scarce, there are indications that VFS has been a factor…
Person:
Year: 2009
Type: Document
Source: FRAMES
Topic(s): Emissions and Smoke, Fire Effects
Region(s): Alaska, California, Eastern, Great Basin, Hawaii, Northern Rockies, Northwest, Rocky Mountain, Southern, Southwest, International, National
Keywords: PM2.5, remote sensing, air pollution, human health, PM - particulate matter, PM10, smoke dispersion, environmental impacts, radionuclides, vegetation fire smoke
Weather and climate have a profound influence on wildland fire ignition potential, fire behavior, and fire severity. Local weather and climate are affected by large-scale patterns of winds over the hemispheres that predispose wildland fuels to fire. The characteristics of…
Person:
Year: 2009
Type: Document
Source: FRAMES
Topic(s): Climate, Emissions and Smoke, Fire Behavior, Fire Occurrence, Fuels, Weather
Region(s): Alaska, California, Eastern, Great Basin, Hawaii, Northern Rockies, Northwest, Rocky Mountain, Southern, Southwest, International, National
Keywords: ENSO - El Nino Southern Oscillation, fuel moisture, wildland fire, AVHRR - Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer, climate change, wind
Every year tens of millions of hectares of forests, woodlands, and grasslands burn globally. Some are burned intentionally for land conversion, pasture renewal or hazard reduction, or wildlife habitat improvement, but most are burned by uncontrolled wildfire. Estimates of burned…
Person:
Year: 2009
Type: Document
Source: FRAMES
Topic(s): Climate, Emissions and Smoke, Fire Effects, Weather
Region(s): Alaska, California, Eastern, Great Basin, Hawaii, Northern Rockies, Northwest, Rocky Mountain, Southern, Southwest, International, National
Keywords: carbon flux, fire regime, carbon emissions, carbon stock, carbon storage, climate change, fire dynamics, soil processes
In wildland fire management, reliable fire intelligence is needed to direct suppression resources, maintain firefighter safety, predict fire behavior, mitigate fire effects in the environment, and justify and evaluate the effectiveness of fuel management. Fire intelligence needs…
Person:
Year: 2009
Type: Document
Source: FRAMES
Topic(s): Climate, Emissions and Smoke, Fire Behavior, Fuels, Mapping, Monitoring and Inventory
Region(s): California
Keywords: carbon flux, remote sensing, climate change, MODIS - Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer, radiant heat flux, FireMapper, radiant emissions, radiant-flux density
The U.S. Clean Air Act establishes the goal of preventing future and remedying existing visibility impairment in 156 Class I areas (national parks, wilderness areas, and wildlife refuges). A key element in implementing this goal is the Regional Haze Regulation (RHR). RHR is…
Person:
Year: 2009
Type: Document
Source: FRAMES
Topic(s): Emissions and Smoke, Fire Effects, Models
Region(s): Alaska, California, Eastern, Great Basin, Hawaii, Northern Rockies, Northwest, Rocky Mountain, Southern, Southwest, National
Keywords: air quality, PM2.5, air pollution, Clean Air Act, PM - particulate matter, visibility, Regional Haze Rule, IMPROVE, Haze Index, aerosol loading
An analysis on the number of forest fires and burned area distribution as retrieved by the European Forest Fire Information System (EFFIS) database is presented. On average, from 2000 to 2005 about 95,000 fires occurred annually in 23 European countries, burning almost 600,000…
Person:
Year: 2009
Type: Document
Source: FRAMES
Topic(s): Emissions and Smoke, Fire Effects, Fire Occurrence, Fuels, Mapping
Region(s): International
Keywords: wildfires, burned area, CO2 - carbon dioxide, fuel loads, burning efficiency, EU - European Union
Each summer forest fires in southern Europe emit large quantities of pollutants to the atmosphere. These fires can generate a number of air pollution episodes as measured by air quality monitoring networks. We analyzed the impact of forest fires on air quality of specific…
Person:
Year: 2009
Type: Document
Source: FRAMES
Topic(s): Emissions and Smoke, Fire Effects, Fire Occurrence, Models, Planning
Region(s): International
Keywords: air quality, air pollution, PM - particulate matter, smoke plume, southern Europe
Forest in Central and Eastern Europe (CEE) covers 56,285,000 ha (5% of European total forested area). Forest cover in CEE makes 30% of land use. Almost 50% of the forest under study is formed by coniferous species and only 30% by deciduous ones. Forest younger than 60 years old…
Person:
Year: 2009
Type: Document
Source: FRAMES
Topic(s): Emissions and Smoke, Fire Occurrence, Hazard and Risk
Region(s): International
Keywords: coniferous forest, central Europe, Eastern Europe
As one of the most populous and geographically largest countries, China faces many problems including industrial growth, economic sustainability, food security, climate change, and air pollution. Interwoven with these challenges, wildland fire is one of the natural hazards…
Person:
Year: 2009
Type: Document
Source: FRAMES
Topic(s): Climate, Emissions and Smoke
Region(s): International
Keywords: air quality, fire management, remote sensing, China, climate change
Much of Australia is seasonally hot and dry, and fuel beds can become very flammable. Biomass burning ranges from annual savanna fires in the north to sporadic but extensive forest fires in the south. In addition, prescribed burning (the controlled application of fire) is being…
Person:
Year: 2009
Type: Document
Source: FRAMES
Topic(s): Emissions and Smoke, Fire Ecology, Prescribed Fire
Region(s): International
Keywords: deposition, ecosystem health, human health, PM - particulate matter, smoke effects, Australia, VOC - volatile organic carbon, air pollutants
Mixed-conifer forests of southern California are exposed to nitrogen (N) deposition levels that impair carbon (C) and N cycling, enhance forest flammability, increase the risk of fire occurrence and air pollution emissions in fire, and increase nitrate runoff and soil N…
Person:
Year: 2009
Type: Document
Source: FRAMES
Topic(s): Emissions and Smoke, Fire Effects, Fuels, Models, Prescribed Fire
Region(s): California
Keywords: FOFEM - First Order Fire Effects Model, forest management, leaching, nitrogen loss, nitrogen deposition, fuel loads, DAYCENT
Concerns about smoke from large high-intensity and managed low intensity fires have been increasing during the past decade. Because smoke from large high-intensity fires are known to contain and generate secondary fine particles (PM2.5) and ozone precursors, the effect of fires…
Person:
Year: 2009
Type: Document
Source: FRAMES
Topic(s): Emissions and Smoke, Fire Effects, Models
Region(s): California
Keywords: BlueSky Modeling Framework, PM2.5, Sierra Nevada, ozone, smoke dispersion, statistical models, secondary fine particles
In Australia the responsibility for management of forests and other public lands rests largely with state governments, and multiple government agencies may be involved in fire management. Whether resulting from wildfire, fuel reduction, or silvicultural operations, biomass…
Person:
Year: 2009
Type: Document
Source: FRAMES
Topic(s): Emissions and Smoke, Fuels, Models, Prescribed Fire, Weather
Region(s): International
Keywords: fuel reduction, wildfires, smoke dispersion, smoke management, Australia, smoke forecasting
Fuel treatments (prescribed fire and mechanical removal) on public lands in California are critical for reducing fuel accumulation and wildfire frequency and severity and protecting private property located in the wildland-urban interface. Treatments are especially needed in…
Person:
Year: 2009
Type: Document
Source: FRAMES
Topic(s): Climate, Emissions and Smoke, Fire Effects, Fuels, Models, Monitoring and Inventory, Prescribed Fire, Wildland-Urban Interface (WUI)
Region(s): California
Keywords: air quality, air pollution, climate change, climate variability, fuel treatment
A summary is presented that integrates general information on the causes and effects of wildland fires and emissions with various ecological impacts of forest fires and air pollution in forests and other ecosystems. We also synthesize information on the regional effects of…
Person:
Year: 2009
Type: Document
Source: FRAMES
Topic(s): Climate, Emissions and Smoke, Fire Ecology, Fire Effects, Fuels, Mapping, Models, Planning, Weather
Region(s): International
Keywords: air quality, remote sensing, public health
In 2002, a major drought and prolonged high temperatures occurred in central Russia that resulted in unprecedented wildland fires. These fires occurred under extreme fire danger conditions and were impossible for the Russian authorities to extinguish. It is perhaps somewhat…
Person:
Year: 2009
Type: Document
Source: FRAMES
Topic(s): Emissions and Smoke, Fire Behavior, Fire Ecology, Weather
Region(s): International
Keywords: Russia, smoke, solar radiation, AOT - aerosol optical thickness, surface ozone
The interaction between smoke and air pollution creates a public health challenge. Fuels treatments proposed for National Forests are intended to reduce fuel accumulations and wildfire frequency and severity, as well as to protect property located in the wild land-urban…
Person:
Year: 2009
Type: Document
Source: FRAMES
Topic(s): Climate, Emissions and Smoke, Fire Effects, Fuels, Models, Planning, Prescribed Fire, Weather, Wildland-Urban Interface (WUI)
Region(s): Alaska, California, Eastern, Great Basin, Hawaii, Northern Rockies, Northwest, Rocky Mountain, Southern, Southwest, International, National
Keywords: wildland fire, air pollution, public health
This report summarizes the science of climate change and the impacts of climate change on the United States, now and in the future. It is largely based on results of the U.S. Global Change Research Program (USGCRP) and integrates those results with related research from around…
Person:
Year: 2009
Type: Document
Source: FRAMES
Topic(s): Climate, Emissions and Smoke, Fire Behavior, Fire Effects, Fuels, Hazard and Risk, Models, Weather
Region(s): Alaska, California, Eastern, Great Basin, Hawaii, Northern Rockies, Northwest, Rocky Mountain, Southern, Southwest, National
Keywords: fire frequency, fire severity, acres burned, climate change, climate change impact analysis
Forest fires in Alaska and western Canada represent important sources of aerosols and trace gases in North America. Among the largest uncertainties when modeling forest fire effects are the timing and injection height of biomass burning emissions. Here we simulate CO and…
Person:
Year: 2009
Type: Document
Source: FRAMES
Topic(s): Emissions and Smoke, Fire Effects, Models
Region(s): Alaska, International
Keywords: boreal forest, Canada, CO - carbon monoxide, transport, aerosol, chemical transport model, GEOS-Chem, injection height, MISR - Multi-angle Imaging SpectroRadiometer
Mercury (Hg) emissions from prescribed fire present a potential impact on air quality that could motivate regulators to further restrict prescribed burning. Atmospheric deposition of Hg (originating from industrial sources) to forests is well documented, and the prescribed…
Person:
Year: 2009
Type: Document
Source: FRAMES
Topic(s): Emissions and Smoke, Fire Effects, Prescribed Fire
Region(s): Southern
Keywords: air quality, forest floor, soils, Hg - mercury
Although biomass burning of savannas is recognised as a major global source of greenhouse gas emissions, quantification remains problematic with resulting regional emissions estimates often differing markedly. Here we undertake a critical assessment of Australia's National…
Person:
Year: 2009
Type: Document
Source: FRAMES
Topic(s): Emissions and Smoke, Fuels, Mapping, Prescribed Fire
Region(s): International
Keywords: fire mapping, Australia, emission factors, fuel loads, burning efficiency, Arnhem Land, National Greenhouse Gas Inventory, Northern Territory of Australia
Central Chile differs from other areas with Mediterranean-type climate by the scarcity of natural wildfires. The Chilean matorral is highly invaded by alien plant species from other Mediterranean zones of the world, where natural, recurrent wildfires have been one of their…
Person:
Year: 2009
Type: Document
Source: FRAMES
Topic(s): Emissions and Smoke, Fuels
Region(s): International
Keywords: exotic plants, heat, fuel heterogeneity, Chile, Mediterranean shrublands
This study investigates smoke incursion into urban areas by examining a prescribed burn in central Georgia, USA, on 28 February 2007. Simulations were conducted with a regional modeling framework to understand transport, dispersion, and structure of smoke plumes, the air quality…
Person:
Year: 2009
Type: Document
Source: FRAMES
Topic(s): Emissions and Smoke, Models, Prescribed Fire
Region(s): Southern
Keywords: air quality, dispersion, Georgia, smoke transport, urban air pollution, plume structure
Outdoor experiments were conducted on a laboratory scale to study the infrared radiation emission of vegetation flames. Measurements were made in the spectral range 1000-4500 cm -1, using a compact and portable Fourier-transform infrared spectrometer including an HgCdTe/InSb…
Person:
Year: 2009
Type: Document
Source: FRAMES
Topic(s): Emissions and Smoke, Fuels
Region(s): Unknown
Keywords: absorption, laboratory fires, radiation, infrared spectrometry
Detailed information on fuel consumption and emissions from wildland fire in Alaska's boreal forests has been in short supply. Research has been limited by reliance on prescribed burns for data collection in a region where weather, freezing and thawing permafrost and limited…
Person:
Year: 2009
Type: Document
Source: FRAMES
Topic(s): Emissions and Smoke, Fire Effects, Fuels, Models, Monitoring and Inventory
Region(s): Alaska
Keywords: Alaskan boreal forest, Consume 3.0, FERA - Fire and Environmental Research Applications Team, forest floor consumption, smoke characterization, Rapid Response Research