Type
Topic
Region
Year
Displaying 76 - 100 of 137
Studies performed in the fire-prone Mediterranean-type climate shrublands of Australia, California, and South Africa have shown that plant-derived smoke enhances seed germination in many species. Unlike other areas with similar climate, central Chile stands out for the absence…
Person:
Year: 2008
Type: Document
Source: FRAMES, TTRS
Topic(s): Emissions and Smoke, Fire Behavior, Fire Ecology, Fire Effects, Fire Occurrence
Region(s): California, International
Keywords: Mediterranean habitats, seed germination, Chile, adaptation, Africa, Australia, distribution, fire adaptations, fire frequency, fire management, germination, human caused fires, post-fire recovery, range management, resprouting, seedlings, seeds, shrublands, shrubs, smoke effects, smoke management, vines, woody plants
This paper presents results of the AQL2004 project, which has been developed within the GOFC-GOLD Latin American network of remote sensing and forest fires (RedLatif). The project intended to obtain monthly burned-land maps of the entire region, from Mexico to Patagonia, using…
Person:
Year: 2008
Type: Document
Source: FRAMES, TTRS
Topic(s): Communications, Emissions and Smoke, Fire Effects, Fire History, Intelligence, Mapping, Monitoring and Inventory, Restoration and Rehabilitation
Region(s): International
Keywords: fire scars, NBR - Normalized Burn Ratio, remote sensing, burned area, MODIS - Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer, biomass burning, South America, burn area index, Latin America, air quality, Argentina, biomass, Bolivia, Brazil, Colombia, cover, croplands, Cuba, deforestation, fire management, fire scar analysis, fire size, forest management, grasslands, herbaceous vegetation, Mexico, Patagonia, savannas, statistical analysis, Venezuela, wildfires
Smoke rolls into town, blanketing the city, turning on streetlights, creating an eerie and choking fog. Switchboards light up as people look for answers. Citizens want to know what they should do to protect themselves. School officials want to know if outdoor events should be…
Person:
Year: 2008
Type: Document
Source: FRAMES
Topic(s): Emissions and Smoke, Safety
Region(s): Alaska, California, Eastern, Great Basin, Hawaii, Northern Rockies, Northwest, Rocky Mountain, Southern, Southwest, National
Keywords: air quality, PM2.5, PM10, respirator, health effects, public health
Most studies of wildland fire and residential development have focused on the cost of firefighting and solutions such as fuel reduction and fire-safe home building. Although some studies quantify the number of homes being built near forests, little research has indicated the…
Person:
Year: 2008
Type: Document
Source: FRAMES
Topic(s): Emissions and Smoke, Social Science, Wildland-Urban Interface (WUI)
Region(s): California, Great Basin, Northern Rockies, Northwest, Rocky Mountain, Southwest
Keywords: forest fires, western United States, wildfire, residential development
[from the text] 21st Century wildfires are increasing in frequency, intensity and complexity. These trends seem likely to continue in the face of climate change, shifting land use patterns, and an increasingly urbanized landscape. Application of prescribed fires that could…
Person:
Year: 2008
Type: Document
Source: FRAMES
Topic(s): Emissions and Smoke, Fire Behavior, Fire Effects, Fuels, Models, Prescribed Fire
Region(s): Southern
Keywords: collaboration, research
In the Mediterranean basin, fires are a major concern for forest and shrubland ecosystems. We studied flammability, its seasonality and its relationship with leaf moisture and volatile terpene content and emission in the dominant species of a Mediterranean shrubland and forest…
Person:
Year: 2008
Type: Document
Source: FRAMES
Topic(s): Emissions and Smoke, Fuels
Region(s): International
Keywords: Mediterranean, Pinus halepensis, Quercus ilex, Arbutus unedo, Cistus albidus, emission and content of volatile compounds, Erica multiflora, Globularia alypum, Phillyrea latifolia, Pistacia lentiscus, Rosmarinus officinalis
Fire managers must consider air-quality impacts when planning prescribed burns or devising wildfire containment strategies. Particulate matter (PM) is the primary pollutant of concern: it is the major component of smoke and has known detrimental influences on human health and…
Person:
Year: 2008
Type: Document
Source: FRAMES
Topic(s): Climate, Emissions and Smoke
Region(s): Southwest
Keywords: wildland fire, air pollution, Arizona, PM - particulate matter
Satellite remotely sensed data of fire disturbance offers important information; however, current methods to study fire severity may need modifications for boreal regions. We assessed the potential of the differenced Normalized Burn Ratio (dNBR) and other spectroscopic indices…
Person:
Year: 2008
Type: Document
Source: FRAMES, TTRS
Topic(s): Communications, Emissions and Smoke, Fire Behavior, Fire Effects, Fire History, Fuels, Intelligence, Mapping, Monitoring and Inventory
Region(s): Alaska
Keywords: black spruce, CBI - composite burn index, Picea mariana, spectroscopic index, air quality, boreal forest, C - carbon, coniferous forests, crown fires, disturbance, fire case histories, elevation, fire intensity, fire management, forest management, ground fires, mortality, organic matter, organic soils, overstory, Picea, remote sensing, soils, topography, wildfires
Biomass burning is an important source of particulate organic carbon (OC) in the atmosphere. Quantifying this contribution in time and space requires a means of routinely apportioning contributions of smoke from biomass burning to OC. Smoke marker (for example, levoglucosan)…
Person:
Year: 2008
Type: Document
Source: FRAMES
Topic(s): Emissions and Smoke, Prescribed Fire
Region(s): Alaska, California, Eastern, Great Basin, Hawaii, Northern Rockies, Northwest, Rocky Mountain, Southern, Southwest, National
Keywords: wildfires, biomass burning, smoke marker measurements, particulate organic carbon
A dual-wavelength photoacoustic instrument operating at 405 and 870 nm was used during the 2006 Fire Lab at Missoula Experiment to measure light scattering and absorption by smoke from the combustion of a variety of biomass fuels. Simultaneous measurements of aerosol light…
Person:
Year: 2008
Type: Document
Source: FRAMES
Topic(s): Emissions and Smoke
Region(s): Alaska, California, Eastern, Great Basin, Hawaii, Northern Rockies, Northwest, Rocky Mountain, Southern, Southwest, National
Keywords: absorption, scattering, dual-wavelength photoacoustic instrument, spectral variation, biomass smoke, Angstrom exponent
This past year has been a period of transition for the Rocky Mountain Research Station. In 2006, we identified the need to move from an organization of approximately 30 research work units whose work was formed around national Strategic Program Areas, to a more streamlined team-…
Person:
Year: 2008
Type: Document
Source: FRAMES
Topic(s): Administration, Emissions and Smoke, Fire Behavior, Fire Ecology, Fire Effects, Fuels, Intelligence, Mapping, Models, Monitoring and Inventory, Outreach, Planning, Prescribed Fire, Restoration and Rehabilitation
Region(s): Great Basin, Northern Rockies, Rocky Mountain, Southwest
Keywords: Forest Service, research, Rocky Mountain Research Station
Wildfire risks for California under four climatic change scenarios were statistically modeled as functions of climate, hydrology, and topography. Wildfire risks for the GFDL and PCM global climate models and the A2 and B1 emissions scenarios were compared for 2005-2034, 2035-…
Person:
Year: 2008
Type: Document
Source: FRAMES, TTRS
Topic(s): Climate, Emissions and Smoke, Fire History, Fire Occurrence, Fuels, Hazard and Risk, Models, Social Science, Weather, Wildland-Urban Interface (WUI)
Region(s): California, Great Basin
Keywords: fire frequency, wildfire risk, air quality, climate change, property damage, PCM scenario-parallel climate model, wildfires, climatology, coniferous forests, elevation, fine fuels, fire damage, fire danger rating, fire management, fire regimes, fire size, flammability, forest management, fuel accumulation, hydrology, grasslands, moisture, Nevada, precipitation, range management, shrublands, soil moisture, statistical analysis, temperature, topography, vegetation surveys
[Excerpted from text] The Indians Fire reportedly started Sunday June 08, 2008 at around 12:35 pm in the Arroyo Seco drainage near the Escondido campground on the Los Padres National Forest (LPF) (Figure1). The fire began under foehn wind conditions that pushed the fire…
Person:
Year: 2008
Type: Document
Source: FRAMES
Topic(s): Emissions and Smoke, Fire Behavior, Safety, Weather
Region(s): California
Keywords: accidents, chaparral, entrapment, plume, accident prevention
Recent progress on boundary layer flow within and above tall forest canopies in complex terrain is reviewed from the perspective of developing methods to interpret carbon dioxide fluxes from tower measurements in real terrain. Two examples of complex terrain are considered in…
Person:
Year: 2008
Type: Document
Source: FRAMES
Topic(s): Emissions and Smoke
Region(s): International
Keywords: complex terrain, flux tower, forests, gravity current, hills, stratification, turbulence
A key purpose of the National Environmental Policy Act (NEPA) is to "promote efforts which will prevent or eliminate damage to the environment and biosphere and stimulate the health and welfare of man" (NEPA, Sec 2). The Council on Environmental Quality states "the NEPA process…
Person:
Year: 2008
Type: Document
Source: FRAMES
Topic(s): Emissions and Smoke, Prescribed Fire, Regulations and Legislation
Region(s): California
Keywords: Clean Air Act, environmental impact statements, NEPA - National Environmental Policy Act, CEQ - Council on Environmental Quality, environmental assessment
Considerable experimental and theoretical work has been done on general concepts regarding nonnative species and disturbance, but experimental research on the effects of fire on nonnative invasive species is sparse. We begin this chapter by connecting fundamental concepts from…
Person:
Year: 2008
Type: Document
Source: FRAMES, TTRS
Topic(s): Emissions and Smoke, Fire Behavior, Fire Ecology, Fire Effects, Monitoring and Inventory
Region(s): Alaska, California, Eastern, Great Basin, Hawaii, Northern Rockies, Northwest, Rocky Mountain, Southern, Southwest, National
Keywords: disturbance, fire management, fire research, invasibility, nonnative invasive plants, invasion ecology, climatology, crown fires, crown scorch, ecosystem dynamics, fire frequency, fire hazard reduction, fire intensity, ground cover, fire size, heat effects, invasive species, phenology, post-fire recovery, presettlement fire regime, season of fire, soil moisture, surface fires, temperature
As part of the Tropical Forest and Fire Emissions Experiment (TROFFEE), tropical forest fuels were burned in a large, biomass-fire simulation facility and the smoke was characterized with open-path Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), proton-transfer reaction mass…
Person:
Year: 2008
Type: Document
Source: FRAMES
Topic(s): Emissions and Smoke, Fuels, Monitoring and Inventory
Region(s): International
Keywords: Amazon, Brazil, biomass burning, emission factors, TROFFEE - Tropical Forest and Fire Emissions Experiment
The general concept of an open-path backscatter nephelometer, its design, principles of calibration and the operational use are discussed. The research-grade instrument, which operates at the wavelength 355 nm, will be co-located with a scanning-lidar at measurement sites near…
Person:
Year: 2008
Type: Document
Source: FRAMES
Topic(s): Emissions and Smoke
Region(s): Alaska, California, Eastern, Great Basin, Hawaii, Northern Rockies, Northwest, Rocky Mountain, Southern, Southwest, National
Keywords: LiDAR - Light Detection and Ranging, calibration, lidar ratio, backscatter nephelometer
ANNOTATION: This paper looks into the carbon sequestering abilities of forests and finds that policies currently in place promote avoidable carbon releases and discourage actions that would actually increase long-term carbon storage. When stand-replacing catastrophic fires move…
Person:
Year: 2008
Type: Document
Source: FRAMES, TTRS
Topic(s): Climate, Emissions and Smoke, Fire Behavior, Fire Effects, Fire History, Fire Occurrence, Fire Prevention, Fuels, Hazard and Risk, Intelligence
Region(s): Alaska, California, Eastern, Great Basin, Hawaii, Northern Rockies, Northwest, Rocky Mountain, Southern, Southwest, National
Keywords: forest management, carbon storage, CO2 - carbon dioxide, carbon offsets, Abies spp., biomass, C - carbon, catastrophic fires, coniferous forests, fire case histories, fire dependent species, fire frequency, fire hazard reduction, fire intensity, fire management, fire suppression, low intensity burns, climate change, Pinus ponderosa, ponderosa pine, population density, Douglas-fir, Pseudotsuga menziesii, thinning, wildfires
Alternative techniques for determining the extinction coefficient and the lidar ratio from the optical-depth and backscatter-coefficient profiles are compared: (1) the techniques, in which the extinction coefficient is a primarily extracted parameter, which is then used to…
Person:
Year: 2008
Type: Document
Source: FRAMES
Topic(s): Emissions and Smoke, Models
Region(s): Alaska, California, Eastern, Great Basin, Hawaii, Northern Rockies, Northwest, Rocky Mountain, Southern, Southwest, National
Keywords: backscatter coefficient, lidar ratio, extinction coefficient, optical depth profiles
Fuel biomass samples from southern Africa and the United States were burned in a laboratory combustion chamber while measuring the biomass consumption rate, the fire radiative energy (FRE) release rate (R fre), and the smoke concentrations of carbon monoxide (CO), carbon dioxide…
Person:
Year: 2008
Type: Document
Source: FRAMES
Topic(s): Emissions and Smoke, Fuels
Region(s): Alaska, California, Eastern, Great Basin, Hawaii, Northern Rockies, Northwest, Rocky Mountain, Southern, Southwest, National
Keywords: PM - particulate matter, FRE - Fire Radiative Energy, fuel biomass samples, smoke aerosol emissions, emission coefficient
Forty-four small-scale experimental fires were conducted in a combustion chamber to examine the relationship between biomass consumption, smoke production, convective energy release, and middle infrared (MIR) measurements of fire radiative energy (FRE). Fuel bed weights, trace…
Person:
Year: 2008
Type: Document
Source: FRAMES
Topic(s): Emissions and Smoke, Fire Effects, Fuels
Region(s): Alaska, California, Eastern, Great Basin, Hawaii, Northern Rockies, Northwest, Rocky Mountain, Southern, Southwest, National
Keywords: biomass burning, radiative energy, energy release, trace gases, aerosol emissions, fuel mass loss
The Fire Emissions Production Simulator (FEPS) is an open source, user-friendly computer program designed for a wide range of users. The software manages data about consumption, emissions, and heat release characteristics of wildland fires and prescribed burns on an hourly basis…
Person:
Year: 2008
Type: Document
Source: FRAMES
Topic(s): Emissions and Smoke, Fire Behavior, Fuels, Models, Prescribed Fire
Region(s): Alaska, California, Eastern, Great Basin, Hawaii, Northern Rockies, Northwest, Rocky Mountain, Southern, Southwest, National
Keywords: CONSUME, FEPS - Fire Emissions Production Simulator, FOFEM - First Order Fire Effects Model, FCCS - Fuel Characteristic Classification System, NFDRS - National Fire Danger Rating System, software, EPM - Emissions Production Model, FERA - Fire and Environmental Research Applications Team, smoke management
A comprehensive numerical modeling framework was developed to estimate the effects of collective global changes upon ozone pollution in the US in 2050. The framework consists of the global climate and chemistry models, PCM (Parallel Climate Model) and MOZART-2 (Model for Ozone…
Person:
Year: 2008
Type: Document
Source: FRAMES
Topic(s): Climate, Emissions and Smoke, Models
Region(s): Alaska, California, Eastern, Great Basin, Hawaii, Northern Rockies, Northwest, Rocky Mountain, Southern, Southwest, National
Keywords: climate model, FERA - Fire and Environmental Research Applications Team, global change, MM5 mesoscale model, fire emissions, ozone pollution
Objectives: To assess acute respiratory effects experienced by wildland firefighters. Methods: We studied two Interagency Hotshot Crews with questionnaires, spirometry, and measurement of albumin, eosinophilic cationic protein (ECP), and myeloperoxidase (MPO) as indicators of…
Person:
Year: 2008
Type: Document
Source: FRAMES
Topic(s): Emissions and Smoke, Safety
Region(s): Alaska, California, Eastern, Great Basin, Hawaii, Northern Rockies, Northwest, Rocky Mountain, Southern, Southwest, National
Keywords: firefighter health, respiratory illness, eosinophilic cationic protein, myeloperoxidase