Type
Topic
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Displaying 201 - 225 of 395
Global warming is a phenomenon that is affecting society in sundry ways. As of 2017, Earth’s global surface temperature increased 0.9°C compared to the average temperature in the mid-1900s. Beyond this change in temperature lies significant threats to human health in the form of…
Person:
Year: 2019
Type: Document
Source: FRAMES
Topic(s): Climate, Emissions and Smoke, Fire Prevention, Hazard and Risk, Safety
Region(s): Alaska, California, Eastern, Great Basin, Hawaii, Northern Rockies, Northwest, Rocky Mountain, Southern, Southwest, National
Keywords: climate change, heat waves, fire frequency, public health, PM - particulate matter, wildfires, respiratory disease, asthma, COPD - chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
Understanding the sectoral contribution of emissions to fine particulate matter (PM2.5) offers information for air quality management, and for investigation of association with health outcomes. This study evaluates the contribution of different emission sectors to PM2.5 in 2013…
Person:
Year: 2019
Type: Document
Source: FRAMES
Topic(s): Emissions and Smoke, Safety
Region(s): International
Keywords: wildfires, PM - particulate matter, PM2.5, Canada, air quality
Using a WRF-SMOKE-CMAQ modeling framework, we investigate the impacts of smoke from prescribed fires on model performance, regional and loc al air quality, health impacts, and visibility in protected natural environments using three different prescribed fire emission scenarios:…
Person:
Year: 2019
Type: Document
Source: FRAMES
Topic(s): Emissions and Smoke, Fire Effects, Models, Prescribed Fire, Safety
Region(s): Northern Rockies, Northwest
Keywords: air quality, public health, visibility, WRF-SMOKE-CMAQ model, IMPROVE, PM2.5, PM - particulate matter
Short-term exposure to fire smoke, especially particulate matter with an aerodynamic diameter less than 2.5 µm (PM2.5), is associated with adverse health effects. In order to quantify the impact of prescribed burning on human health, a general health impact function was used…
Person:
Year: 2019
Type: Document
Source: FRAMES
Topic(s): Emissions and Smoke, Fire Effects, Models, Prescribed Fire, Safety
Region(s): Southern
Keywords: Georgia, air quality, PM2.5, PM - particulate matter, public health, asthma, respiratory effects, DDM - decoupled direct method, CMAQ - Community Multiscale Air Quality Modeling System, air quality
We have developed the Southern Integrated Prescribed Fire Information System (SIPFIS) to disseminate prescribed fire information, including daily forecasts of potential air quality impacts for southeastern USA. SIPFIS is a Web-based Geographic Information Systems (WebGIS)…
Person:
Year: 2019
Type: Document
Source: FRAMES
Topic(s): Emissions and Smoke, Fire Effects, Prescribed Fire, Safety
Region(s): Southern
Keywords: SIPFIS - Southern Integrated Prescribed Fire Information System, webGIS, air quality, exposure, forecasting, wildland fire, wildfires, DDM - decoupled direct method, source impact, area burned
PURPOSE OF REVIEW: In this review, we describe the current status of the literature regarding respiratory health related to wildfire smoke exposure, anticipated future impacts under a changing climate, and strategies to reduce respiratory health impacts of wildfire smoke. RECENT…
Person:
Year: 2019
Type: Document
Source: FRAMES
Topic(s): Climate, Emissions and Smoke, Safety
Region(s): Alaska, California, Eastern, Great Basin, Hawaii, Northern Rockies, Northwest, Rocky Mountain, Southern, Southwest, National
Keywords: climate change, respiratory health, smoke exposure, wildfire smoke exposure, public health, asthma, health impacts
[from the text] Wildfires are a growing threat to public health in the United States and around the world, as evidenced by the recent catastrophic fires in California, the Pacific Northwest, and Greece. Due to climate change, hotter and drier weather in the western United States…
Person:
Year: 2019
Type: Document
Source: FRAMES
Topic(s): Emissions and Smoke, Safety
Region(s): Alaska, California, Eastern, Great Basin, Hawaii, Northern Rockies, Northwest, Rocky Mountain, Southern, Southwest, National
Keywords: smoke exposure, wildfire smoke exposure, AQI - Air Quality Index, air pollution, PM - particulate matter, evacuation, relocate, public health
Large wildfires are an increasing threat to the western U.S. In the 2017 fire season, extensive wildfires occurred across the Pacific Northwest (PNW). To evaluate public health impacts of wildfire smoke, we integrated numerical simulations and observations for regional fire…
Person:
Year: 2019
Type: Document
Source: FRAMES
Topic(s): Emissions and Smoke, Mapping, Models, Safety
Region(s): Northwest
Keywords: smoke modeling, PM2.5, PM - particulate matter, air pollution, air quality, health impact assessment, public health, machine learning, data fusion
Background: As climate change is expected to result in more frequent, larger fires and associated smoke impacts, creating and sustaining wildfire smoke-resilient communities is an urgent public health priority. Following two summers of persistent and extreme wildfire smoke…
Person:
Year: 2019
Type: Document
Source: FRAMES
Topic(s): Communications, Emissions and Smoke, Hazard and Risk
Region(s): Northwest
Keywords: wildfires, Washington, risk communication, risk management, public health, research needs, air quality, smoke exposure
A variety of environmental analysis applications have been advanced by the use of satellite remote sensing. Smoke detection based on satellite imagery is imperative for wildfire detection and monitoring. However, the commonly used smoke detection methods mainly focus on smoke…
Person:
Year: 2019
Type: Document
Source: FRAMES
Topic(s): Emissions and Smoke, Models
Region(s): Alaska, California, Eastern, Great Basin, Hawaii, Northern Rockies, Northwest, Rocky Mountain, Southern, Southwest, International, National
Keywords: smoke detection, wildfires, scene classification, CNN - convolution neural network, attention, remote sensing, MODIS - Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer, satellite images
This study examines the angular distribution of scattered solar radiation associated with wildfire smoke aerosols observed over boreal forests in Canada during the ARCTAS (Arctic Research of the Composition of the Troposphere from Aircraft and Satellites) campaign. First, it…
Person:
Year: 2019
Type: Document
Source: FRAMES
Topic(s): Emissions and Smoke, Fire Effects, Models
Region(s): Alaska, International
Keywords: wildfires, aerosol, CAR - Cloud Absorption Radiometer, angular distribution model, Canada
Both fire exclusion and subsequent wildfires have strongly affected carbon storage in fire-prone dry forests, with implications for how carbon storage will change in the future. Using a reconstruction of forest structure in 1899 and pre- and post-fire field data, we quantified…
Person:
Year: 2019
Type: Document
Source: FRAMES
Topic(s): Emissions and Smoke, Fire Effects, Fuels
Region(s): California
Keywords: carbon storage, carbon emissions, carbon stability, forest reconstruction, wildfires, old growth, Yosemite National Park, fire exclusion
During the 2017 record-breaking burning season in Canada/United States, intense wild fires raged during the first week of September in the Pacific northwestern region (British Columbia, Alberta, Washington, Oregon, Idaho, Montana and northern California) burning mostly temperate…
Person:
Year: 2019
Type: Document
Source: FRAMES
Topic(s): Emissions and Smoke, Fire Effects, Models, Monitoring and Inventory
Region(s): Alaska, California, Eastern, Great Basin, Hawaii, Northern Rockies, Northwest, Rocky Mountain, Southern, Southwest, International, National
Keywords: LiDAR - Light Detection and Ranging, time-space monitoring, smoke plume, smoke transport, plume injection height, particle dispersion, particle absorption, depolarization properties, AERONET - Aerosol Robotic Network, AOD - aerosol optical depth
Boreal peatlands represent a globally important store of carbon, and disturbances such as wildfire can have a negative feedback to the climate. Understanding how carbon exchange and greenhouse gas (GHG) dynamics are impacted after a wildfire is important, especially as boreal…
Person:
Year: 2019
Type: Document
Source: FRAMES
Topic(s): Climate, Emissions and Smoke, Fire Effects
Region(s): International
Keywords: Alberta, Canada, boreal peatlands, CH4 - methane, Horse River Fire, greenhouse gas
Background: The effects of exposure to fine particulate matter (PM2.5) during wildland fires are not well understood in comparison with PM2.5 exposures from other sources. Objectives: We examined the cardiopulmonary effects of short-term exposure to PM2.5 on smoke days in the…
Person:
Year: 2019
Type: Document
Source: FRAMES
Topic(s): Emissions and Smoke, Fire Effects, Hazard and Risk
Region(s): Alaska, California, Eastern, Great Basin, Hawaii, Northern Rockies, Northwest, Rocky Mountain, Southern, Southwest, National
Keywords: fine particulate matter, PM2.5, PM - particulate matter, public health, cardiopulmonary health effects
Sometime in late June, if all goes to plan, a helicopter will hover above a thickly forested slope in Utah and set it ablaze. The goal is to clear out dead conifer trees to allow quaking aspen (Populus tremuloides) to regain a foothold in this high-altitude national forest. But…
Person:
Year: 2019
Type: Document
Source: FRAMES
Topic(s): Emissions and Smoke, Fire Behavior, Fire Ecology, Fire Effects, Fuels, Prescribed Fire
Region(s): Great Basin
Keywords: Utah, Populus tremuloides, quaking aspen, drones
In late February 2019, the Southeast Prescribed Fire and Smoke Management Summit IV convened at the Jones Center at Ichauway in southwest Georgia. The Summit provided a platform for approximately 40 state prescribed fire managers and policy makers, federal, state, and local air…
Person:
Year: 2019
Type: Document
Source: FRAMES
Topic(s): Emissions and Smoke, Outreach, Prescribed Fire
Region(s): Southern
Keywords: air quality, Jones Ecological Research Center, Georgia, smoke management, Southeast Prescribed Fire and Smoke Management Summit IV
Understanding wildfire‐atmosphere interactions is key to improved accuracy of predictions of wildfire behavior. This is needed for improved preparedness to mitigate loss of life and property during wildfire events, particularly for situations with strong fire‐atmosphere coupling…
Person:
Year: 2019
Type: Document
Source: FRAMES
Topic(s): Emissions and Smoke, Fire Behavior, Weather
Region(s): International
Keywords: Australia, radar, wildfires, fire-atmosphere interaction, pyroconvection, plume dynamics, thunderstorms
From 17-22 August 2017 simultaneous enhancements of ammonia (NH3), carbon monoxide (CO), hydrogen cyanide (HCN), and ethane (C2H6) were detected from ground‐based solar absorption Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopic measurements at two high‐Arctic sites: Eureka (80.…
Person:
Year: 2019
Type: Document
Source: FRAMES
Topic(s): Emissions and Smoke, Fire Effects
Region(s): International
Keywords: Canada, Greenland, ammonia, Arctic, FTIR - Fourier transform infrared absorption spectroscopy , wildfires, MODIS - Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer
During the summer of 2015, a number of large wildfires burned across northern California in areas of localized topographic relief. Persistent valley smoke hindered fire‐fighting efforts, delayed helicopter operations, and exposed communities to extreme concentrations of…
Person:
Year: 2019
Type: Document
Source: FRAMES
Topic(s): Emissions and Smoke, Fire Behavior, Fire Effects, Models
Region(s): California
Keywords: wildfires, inversion, WRF-Fire, WRF-SFIRE, WRF-SFIRE-CHEM
Fire smoke is a major contributor to both particulate matter (PM) and ozone exposure in urban centers. Epidemiological, clinical, and toxicological studies have demonstrated a casual relationship between these pollutants and cardiovascular and respiratory related deaths and…
Person:
Year: 2019
Type: Document
Source: FRAMES
Topic(s): Economics, Emissions and Smoke, Fire Effects, Hazard and Risk, Models
Region(s): Alaska, California, Eastern, Great Basin, Hawaii, Northern Rockies, Northwest, Rocky Mountain, Southern, Southwest, International, National
Keywords: Australia, human health, health impacts, PM - particulate matter, air quality, literature review
Fire smoke is a major contributor to both particulate matter (PM) and ozone exposure in urban centers. Epidemiological, clinical, and toxicological studies have demonstrated a casual relationship between these pollutants and cardiovascular and respiratory related deaths and…
Person:
Year: 2019
Type: Project
Source: FRAMES
Topic(s): Economics, Emissions and Smoke, Fire Effects, Models
Region(s): Alaska, California, Eastern, Great Basin, Hawaii, Northern Rockies, Northwest, Rocky Mountain, Southern, Southwest, International, National
Keywords: PM - particulate matter, human health, health impacts, air quality, smoke exposure, Australia, health risk
Weather and climate are major factors influencing worldwide wildfire activity. This study assesses surface and atmospheric conditions associated with the 2014 extreme wildfires in the Northwest Territories (NWT) of Canada. Hot and dry conditions led to the NWT experiencing the…
Person:
Year: 2019
Type: Document
Source: FRAMES
Topic(s): Climate, Emissions and Smoke, Weather
Region(s): International
Keywords: lightning, wildfires, NWT - Northwest Territories, circulation, extremes, Canada, air quality
Smoke exposure data among U.S. wildland firefighters for carbon monoxide, respirable particulate and respirable crystalline silica are presented from a field surveillance program between 2009 and 2012. Models to predict fireline-average exposure to each inhalation hazard were…
Person:
Year: 2019
Type: Document
Source: FRAMES
Topic(s): Emissions and Smoke, Fire Prevention, Models, Prescribed Fire, Safety
Region(s): Alaska, California, Eastern, Great Basin, Hawaii, Northern Rockies, Northwest, Rocky Mountain, Southern, Southwest, National
Keywords: CO - carbon monoxide, firefighters, quartz, silica, wildfires, smoke exposure, firefighter health
The incidence of large, uncontained wildfires in North America has increased in recent years, significantly impacting both urban and agriculturally-focused areas. The physical damage and health pressures left in the wake of uncontrolled fires has especially devastated farm and…
Person:
Year: 2019
Type: Document
Source: FRAMES
Topic(s): Emissions and Smoke, Fire Effects, Hazard and Risk
Region(s): Alaska, California, Eastern, Great Basin, Hawaii, Northern Rockies, Northwest, Rocky Mountain, Southern, Southwest, National
Keywords: respiratory health, wildfires, agricultural health, human health