Type
Topic
Region
Year
Displaying 126 - 150 of 282
Fire transforms fuels (i.e. biomass, necromass, soil organic matter) into materials with different chemical and physical properties. One of these materials is ash, which is the particulate residue remaining or deposited on the ground that consists of mineral materials and…
Person:
Year: 2014
Type: Document
Source: FRAMES
Topic(s): Emissions and Smoke, Fire Effects, Fuels
Region(s): Alaska, California, Eastern, Great Basin, Hawaii, Northern Rockies, Northwest, Rocky Mountain, Southern, Southwest, National
Keywords: water quality, mineral ash, nutrient cycles, soil properties, pyrogenic, C - carbon
Smoke management has become one of the leading challenges facing prescribed fire practitioners in the Southeast and the continued use of prescribed fire in the region may depend on effective smoke and emission mitigation practices. While not a comprehensive list of smoke…
Person:
Year: 2014
Type: Document
Source: FRAMES
Topic(s): Emissions and Smoke, Planning, Prescribed Fire
Region(s): Alaska, California, Eastern, Great Basin, Hawaii, Northern Rockies, Northwest, Rocky Mountain, Southern, Southwest, National
Keywords: air quality, smoke dispersion
A modeling system has been developed to predict accurately the downwind air quality impacts of prescribed burns. The system has been evaluated in applications to monitored burns and a long-range smoke event detected by the regional PM2.5 monitoring network in Southeastern USA.…
Person:
Year: 2014
Type: Document
Source: FRAMES
Topic(s): Emissions and Smoke, Models, Prescribed Fire
Region(s): Southern
Keywords: air quality, PM2.5, air quality impacts
The performance of internal combustion engines used in fire fighting equipment can be affected by the fireground ambient conditions. Both gasoline (SI) and diesel (CI) engines can suffer significant power losses due to high temperatures and reduced oxygen in the intake air…
Person:
Year: 1994
Type: Document
Source: FRAMES
Topic(s): Emissions and Smoke, Fire Prevention
Region(s): Alaska, California, Eastern, Great Basin, Hawaii, Northern Rockies, Northwest, Rocky Mountain, Southern, Southwest, National
Keywords: forest fire, fireground, bushfire, fire engines, internal combustion engine
Total particulate matter (PM) emissions were estimated for recent fires (1979-1990) and the presettlement period (prior to 1935) in the Selway-Bitterroot Wilderness (SBW) in Idaho and Montana. Recent period emissions were calculated by 10-day periods for surface fire and crown…
Person:
Year: 1994
Type: Document
Source: FRAMES, TTRS
Topic(s): Emissions and Smoke, Fire History, Fire Occurrence, Models
Region(s): Northern Rockies
Keywords: air quality, fire regimes, Idaho, Montana, Selway-Bitterroot Wilderness, Abies grandis, coniferous forests, crown fires, fire exclusion, fire management, fire suppression, mountainous terrain, Larix lyallii, Picea engelmannii, pine forests, Pinus albicaulis, Pinus contorta, lodgepole pine, chance ignition prescribed fires, presettlement fires, Pseudotsuga menziesii, Douglas-fir, subalpine forests, wilderness fire management
A model for the plume above a line fire in a cross wind is constructed. This problem is shown to reduce to numerically solving a system of 6 coupled ordinary differential equations for given initial conditions that depend upon the fire characteristics. The model is valid above…
Person:
Year: 1994
Type: Document
Source: FRAMES
Topic(s): Emissions and Smoke, Models, Weather
Region(s): Alaska, California, Eastern, Great Basin, Hawaii, Northern Rockies, Northwest, Rocky Mountain, Southern, Southwest, National
Keywords: plume trajectories, cross wind, plume temperature, plume velocity, plume width
The characteristics and spatial distribution of fuels are critical for assessing fire hazard, fuel consumption, greenhouse gas emissions and other fire effects. However, fuel maps are difficult to generate and update, because many regions of the world lack fuel descriptions or…
Person:
Year: 2014
Type: Document
Source: FRAMES, TTRS
Topic(s): Emissions and Smoke, Fire Behavior, Fire Effects, Fuels, Hazard and Risk, Mapping
Region(s): International
Keywords: FCCS - Fuel Characteristic Classification System, remote sensing, FERA - Fire and Environmental Research Applications Team, fire potential, South America, fuelbeds, wildfires, cover, overstory, fire management, fuel management, croplands, deciduous forests, grasslands, shrublands, savannas, tropical forest
Severe fires in chaparral watersheds subject to air pollution from metropolitan Los Angeles mobilized accumulated nitrogen and caused streamwater to be polluted with nitrate at concentrations exceeding the Federal Water Quality Standard. Streamwater NO3- concentrations were…
Person:
Year: 1994
Type: Document
Source: FRAMES
Topic(s): Emissions and Smoke, Fire Behavior, Fire Effects, Prescribed Fire
Region(s): California
Keywords: fire severity, soil nitrogen, stream chemistry, Los Angeles County, sediment flux, streamwater nitrate
The major condensible products (-45ºC) from smoldering combustion of ponderosa pine sapwood have been identified and quantified. Methylene chloride extracts of the condensate, as well as nonextracted condensate, were analyzed by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MC). Non-…
Person:
Year: 1994
Type: Document
Source: FRAMES
Topic(s): Emissions and Smoke
Region(s): Alaska, California, Eastern, Great Basin, Hawaii, Northern Rockies, Northwest, Rocky Mountain, Southern, Southwest, National
Keywords: Pinus ponderosa, ponderosa pine, smoldering combustion, biomass burning, semi-volatile compounds, air toxics
A study of smoke exposure at prescribed fires was done by the USDA Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Research Station and Radian Corporation between 1991 and 1994. This study was done to assess exposure to smoke among firefighters at prescribed fires in the Pacific Northwest.…
Person:
Year: 1994
Type: Document
Source: FRAMES
Topic(s): Emissions and Smoke, Fire Effects, Monitoring and Inventory, Prescribed Fire
Region(s): Alaska, California, Eastern, Great Basin, Hawaii, Northern Rockies, Northwest, Rocky Mountain, Southern, Southwest, National
Keywords: FERA - Fire and Environmental Research Applications Team, smoke exposure
Major wildfires have affected millions of acres of forest lands in the continental United States during recent years. Often, these wildfires burn through intensively managed, timber producing areas. This study presents a comparison of fuel consumption, soil fire severity, and…
Person:
Year: 1994
Type: Document
Source: FRAMES, TTRS
Topic(s): Emissions and Smoke, Fire Effects, Fuels, Monitoring and Inventory, Prescribed Fire
Region(s): Northwest
Keywords: fuel consumption, FERA - Fire and Environmental Research Applications Team, Oregon, smoke production, soil fire severity, slash treatment, broadcast burning, clearcut, CONSUME, logging slash, Willamette National Forest, downed woody fuels, duff, Shady Beach Fire, fuel treatments, wildfire effects, emission production, soil fire severity
Consume v 4.2 reflects an improved understanding of fuel consumption and emissions in wildland fire throughout major fuel types in the United States. Consume is a decision-making tool, designed to assist resource managers in planning for prescribed fire, wildland fire for use,…
Person:
Year: 2014
Type: Document
Source: FRAMES
Topic(s): Emissions and Smoke, Fire Effects, Fuels, Models, Monitoring and Inventory, Planning, Prescribed Fire
Region(s): Alaska, California, Eastern, Great Basin, Hawaii, Northern Rockies, Northwest, Rocky Mountain, Southern, Southwest, National
Keywords: hardwood forest, Consume 3.0, FERA - Fire and Environmental Research Applications Team, boreal forests, shrublands, fuel consumption, CONSUME
In this air quality assessment, aerial photo attributes and an emissions inventory approach were used to estimate smoke production over time for the Deschutes, Grand Ronde, Methow, Pend Oreille, Wenatchee, and Yakima river basins in eastern Oregon and eastern Washington.…
Person:
Year: 1994
Type: Document
Source: FRAMES, TTRS
Topic(s): Emissions and Smoke, Fuels, Hazard and Risk, Mapping, Models, Planning, Prescribed Fire
Region(s): Northwest
Keywords: air quality, forest health, FERA - Fire and Environmental Research Applications Team, eastern Oregon, eastern Washington, PM10 emissions, Deschutes River Basin, Grand Ronde River Basin, Methow River Basin, Pend Oreille River Basin, Wenatchee River Basin, Yakima River Basin, wildfires, smoke production, vegetation mapping, aerial photo interpretation, current fuel loading, CONSUME, photo series, emission factors, fuel moisture, fuel consumption, emission production, historical fuel loading
A smoke emissions production model (EPM) was developed by the USDA Forest Service, Pacific Northwest (PNW) Research Station about 10 years ago. Since then, the model has been coded into a computer module and integrated into a variety of other computer programs. The module, EPM,…
Person:
Year: 1994
Type: Document
Source: FRAMES
Topic(s): Emissions and Smoke, Models, Monitoring and Inventory, Prescribed Fire
Region(s): Alaska, California, Eastern, Great Basin, Hawaii, Northern Rockies, Northwest, Rocky Mountain, Southern, Southwest, National
Keywords: broadcast burning, EPM - Emissions Production Model, FERA - Fire and Environmental Research Applications Team, smoke dispersion, smoke models, smoldering phase
The objective of this study was to improve a smoke emissions model that is currently being used to help reduce pollution impacts from prescribed burning of timber harvest residues. Smoke emissions from these types of burns have been characterized with in situ, real time sampling…
Person:
Year: 1994
Type: Document
Source: FRAMES
Topic(s): Emissions and Smoke, Fuels, Models, Prescribed Fire
Region(s): Northwest
Keywords: broadcast burning, FERA - Fire and Environmental Research Applications Team, siliviculture, smoldering
Ecology of Plant-Derived Smoke is the continuation of the research and discussion presented in Uses & Abuses of Plant-Derived Smoke, published in 2010. Both books are the first of their kind in what is now an ever-expanding and exciting field of research. This volume focuses…
Person:
Year: 2014
Type: Document
Source: FRAMES
Topic(s): Emissions and Smoke, Fire Ecology
Region(s): Alaska, California, Eastern, Great Basin, Hawaii, Northern Rockies, Northwest, Rocky Mountain, Southern, Southwest, International, National
Keywords: germination, seed dormancy, fire-prone ecosystem
PLUMP is a general-purpose, one-dimensional plume rise model for wildfire and prescribed fire planning. It calculates the characteristics of fire plumes, including vertical velocity, water content, excess temperature, rain, and ice. The model can also be used to determine the…
Person:
Year: 1994
Type: Document
Source: FRAMES
Topic(s): Emissions and Smoke, Fire Behavior, Models
Region(s): Alaska, California, Eastern, Great Basin, Hawaii, Northern Rockies, Northwest, Rocky Mountain, Southern, Southwest, National
Keywords: PLUMP, plume modelling, lightning, clouds
This paper presents ensemble simulations with the global climate model developed at the A. M. Obukhov Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences (IAP RAS CM). These simulations are forced by historical reconstructions of concentrations of well-mixed greenhouse…
Person:
Year: 2014
Type: Document
Source: FRAMES
Topic(s): Fire Effects, Emissions and Smoke, Models
Region(s): International
Keywords: Russia, CO2 - carbon dioxide
Fire is an important global ecological process that influences the distribution of biomes, with consequences for carbon, water, and energy budgets. Therefore it is impossible to appropriately model the history and future of the terrestrial ecosystems and the climate system…
Person:
Year: 2014
Type: Document
Source: FRAMES
Topic(s): Emissions and Smoke, Fire Effects, Models
Region(s): Alaska, California, Eastern, Great Basin, Hawaii, Northern Rockies, Northwest, Rocky Mountain, Southern, Southwest, International, National
Keywords: carbon balance, area burned, global ecology, SPITFIRE, ORCHIDEE
Wildfires have increased in number and severity in recent years, while the number of people living in communities at risk of fire has also dramatically increased. A result of this is that more people are being exposed to smoke from both wildfires and prescribed fires that are…
Person:
Year: 2014
Type: Document
Source: FRAMES
Topic(s): Communications, Emissions and Smoke, Fire Effects, Social Science
Region(s): California, Northern Rockies, Northwest, Southern
Keywords: public perception, survey
Carbon emissions (CE) from fire-induced biomass burning have a marked effect on interannual fluctuations in global atmospheric carbon dioxide concentrations. Biomass burning in Southeast Asia (SEA) is a dominant contributor toward these emissions, primarily through the effects…
Person:
Year: 2014
Type: Document
Source: FRAMES
Topic(s): Emissions and Smoke, Models
Region(s): International
Keywords: Asia, burned area, carbon emissions, peatland, biomass burning, finer resolution
Myocardial infarction is the leading cause of death in fire fighters and has been linked with exposure to air pollution and fire suppression duties. We therefore investigated the effects of wood smoke exposure on vascular vasomotor and fibrinolytic function, and thrombus…
Person:
Year: 2014
Type: Document
Source: FRAMES
Topic(s): Emissions and Smoke, Safety
Region(s): International
Keywords: air pollution, firefighters, wood smoke, vascular function, thrombosis
Several different inventories of global and regional anthropogenic and biomass burning emissions are assessed for the 1980-2010 period. The species considered in this study are carbon monoxide, nitrogen oxides, sulfur dioxide and black carbon. The inventories considered include…
Person:
Year: 2014
Type: Document
Source: FRAMES
Topic(s): Emissions and Smoke, Fire Effects
Region(s): Alaska, California, Eastern, Great Basin, Hawaii, Northern Rockies, Northwest, Rocky Mountain, Southern, Southwest, International, National
Keywords: biomass burning
Smoke from forest fires is a serious and increasing land management concern. However, a paucity of information exists that is specific to public perceptions of smoke. This study used conjoint analysis, a multivariate technique, to evaluate how four situational factors (i.e.,…
Person:
Year: 2014
Type: Document
Source: FRAMES
Topic(s): Emissions and Smoke, Fire Effects, Social Science
Region(s): Great Basin, Northern Rockies, Southern
Keywords: public opinion, health factors, preference, public, tolerance
Burning of crop residue and forest stands is a method commonly used to prepare land for agriculture in several countries within equatorial Asia and Central and South America. Atmospheric emissions and smoke plumes from the burning of such biomass are impossible to contain and…
Person:
Year: 2014
Type: Document
Source: FRAMES
Topic(s): Emissions and Smoke, Fire Effects, Aquatic
Region(s): International
Keywords: Asia, haze, biomass burning